The map of China after the Treaty of Love.

Invading the Heilongjiang region of China and seizing the seaport leading to the Pacific Ocean is the consistent plan of successive czar governments after the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar. After the Opium War, Russia set up the "Special Committee of Heilongjiang" to step up its aggression against Heilongjiang. 1849 to 1853, Russian naval officer Newels coy led armed men to invade the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and set up an invasion stronghold. Subsequently, under the command of Muraviev, the governor of eastern Siberia, a large number of Russian troops invaded Heilongjiang, occupying the north bank of the middle and upper reaches and the banks of the lower reaches.

1857, 18 On February 29th, the British and French allied forces captured Guangzhou. After the Russian government learned of this situation, it held a meeting of "Special Committee" on 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) 65438+10.5 to plot. The meeting adopted Muraviev's opinion on continuing to "immigrate" to Heilongjiang and conducting diplomatic negotiations with the Qing government supported by force. After the meeting, the Russian government informed the Qing government that Muraviev was ordered to negotiate the Sino-Russian border issue. If China wanted to solve the "Heilongjiang issue", he could be consulted. At this time, the situation of the Second Opium War was extremely unfavorable to the Qing government. Muraviev took the opportunity to lead the Russian Cossack army as Aihui at the gates. On May 20th, the British and French allied forces captured Dagu, Tianjin was in an emergency, and Beijing shook. On 22nd, Muraviev was escorted to Aihui by two gunboats, and met with Yi Shan, the general of Heilongjiang in Qing Dynasty. Muraviev said that he came here to "help China defend Britain" and "defend its own territory". "For the benefit of both sides, China and Russia must demarcate along the Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers." Yi Shan pointed out that the border between the two countries has been "agreed and observed according to the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu" and has never changed for hundreds of years. If we do what you discussed today, we will never be able to satisfy you. "This negotiation is very controversial. Before the meeting, Muraviev handed the "Draft Treaty" drafted by Russia to Yi Shan and gave him an answer the next day. The essence of this draft is to tear up the Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty and seize the area north of Heilongjiang and east of Wusuli River. In the second negotiation, Chinese representative Ai Shentai flatly rejected Russia's unreasonable request and returned the "Draft Treaty" to Russian representative Petrovsky. Due to the unreasonable troubles of the Russian side, the negotiations ended without results. Muraviev was impatient, and once again went out in person, forcing Yishan to sign the treaty by means of "ultimatum" and "putting forward the final text of the treaty", and threatening that "negotiations with China people cannot be conducted by peaceful means! "That night, Russian warships fired. Under the threat of Russian military force, Yishan finally gave in and was forced to sign the Peace Treaty with Muraviev on 28th.