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Do I have to have a passport and visa to go abroad?

Yes!

Let me explain here that passport and visa are two concepts, although they are both documents to prove identity.

Passport: It is a valid identification issued to you by your country and is generally used abroad. It is the identity document that your registered permanent residence country needs to help you go abroad. It can also be used in China, which is equivalent to an ID card. Every province and city has designated places to handle passports, and these places are basically under the jurisdiction of the Public Security Bureau. You can search online. Now the passport processing time is basically 7- 12 working days.

Visa: Unlike a passport, it is a valid certificate issued by the country (foreign country) you are going to (the passport is issued to you by your own country). It is not only a proof of identity in a foreign country, but also an effective certificate for entry and exit. Because different countries have different methods. Some need face-to-face visa (you must go to the designated embassy in China for an interview and other procedures to get a visa) and return visa (you don't need to go to the embassy for an interview, just send all your information to the immigration office of the country you want to go to and give you an answer within the specified working day). If successful, you will get a temporary visa and go through the relevant formalities at the immigration office in this country within the validity period of the temporary visa. And some countries are landing visa (where you can apply for a visa on arrival at the airport customs, and the general stay time is no more than 14 days). These are basically tourist visas. So when you apply for a visa, you should look at it according to the situation of the country you are going to.