James monroe's Political Initiative

Monroe adhered to the policy of compromise and reconciliation in politics. In the Second War of Independence, the Federalist Party surrendered and opposed the war, which was unpopular. However, some federalists were not satisfied with their failure and incited some federalists in New England to demand secession. In order to safeguard national unity and unite federalists, Monroe traveled all over the north and south, exchanged views with political leaders of various factions, and stated the benefits of unity and the harm of division. After his lobbying, the two factions did not break openly, but tended to cooperate in a certain range, creating a "harmonious period" in American history.

Later, Monroe used the same method to deal with the contradiction between the southern and northern States of the United States. 18 19, in order to increase the number of senators, the southern and northern States quarreled over Missouri's joining the union. The southern states argued that Missouri should join the Union as a slave state, while the northern states argued that Missouri should join the Union as a free state. At Monroe's urging, the North and the South reached the "Missouri compromise" in 1820, that is, Missouri was required to join the Union as a slave-holding state, and Massachusetts was allowed to set aside Maine as a free state to join the Union. Taking this as an example, it is stipulated that whenever a free state joins the Federation in the future, a slave-holding state must join the Federation at the same time. The bill further stipulates that in the future, the western land will be a slave-holding state south of 36 degrees and 30 minutes north latitude; To the north of this line is a free state. This is an obvious manifestation of the conflict between the two social systems in the north and the south, and at the same time, it also enables the northern bourgeoisie and the southern plantation slave owners to reach a temporary compromise and truce.

Monroe implemented the policy of protecting and developing domestic capitalism economically. He resolutely implemented the new tax law passed in 18 16, raised import tariffs and prevented foreign industrial products, especially British industrial products, from flooding into the domestic market. At the same time, he encouraged the popularization of advanced technology, issued a large number of popular science publications, and established a scientific lecture system in major cities, which accelerated the development of workshop handicraft industry to large machine industry. He also allocated huge sums of money to expand the Cumberland national highway across Ohio and Indiana and directly to Illinois; The Ali Canal, which connects the Hudson River, the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes, connects the eastern industrial area and the western agricultural area, and promotes large-scale migration to the west. Diplomatically, Romania has further expanded the territory of the United States. 18 18 At the beginning of this year, Monroe wrote to American general andrew jackson, requesting to send troops to East Florida. Jackson immediately sent troops to seize the area from Spain. The following February, Spain was forced to sign the Adams-anis Treaty.

After expanding American territory, Monroe formulated a new Latin American policy with the growth of American national strength, which posed a comprehensive challenge to European powers.

1In the 1920s, a storm of national independence set off in Latin America. The Spanish empire is dying, and it can no longer control the colonies in Latin America. Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, Argentina and other countries have become independent. The Holy Alliance tried to interfere with the revolutionary movement in Latin America. The Russian Empire wanted to expand its colonial power on the northwest coast of North America, while Britain attempted to expand in Central and South America for its huge commercial interests in Latin America.

1823, British foreign secretary george canning wrote to Monroe, proposing an alliance between Britain and the United States to jointly intervene in Latin American affairs and oppose the intervention of the Holy Alliance. Monroe immediately consulted with former presidents Jefferson and Madison after receiving the letter. Both former presidents agreed to take joint action with Britain, but they were opposed by Secretary of State john quincy adams. Monroe finally adopted Adams' opinion and decided that the United States would act alone and oppose European powers' interference in American affairs.