Zhan Tianyou Edition of Tour Guide Words (Introduction to Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway)

classification: education/science > > Vocational education > > Vocational training

Description of the problem:

The teacher said that he would write a tour guide (refer to Lesson 2, Volume 12, Zhejiang Education Edition) to introduce Beijing-Zhangjia Railway and Zhan Tianyou, starting with the bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou at Qinglongqiao Station, and he will get a reward within one and a half hours! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Analysis:

Traveling beside the Beijing-Zhangjia Railway

Xizhimen Station:

The echo of history and the eyes of reality

Many people have forgotten this platform, and the taxi driver has never been in it. He only knows to walk inside the Xizhimen subway station.

With the guidance of some words written on the wall along the road, such as "Beijing Primary School Travel by Car", I walked past the bookstore selling pirated books and the street lined with grocery stores and restaurants, and arrived at the ticket office of Xizhimen Railway Station five minutes later. In addition to the crowds who rely on taxis to make a living near subway stations and bus stations, there are few cars and few people along the way, especially the low-rise buildings on both sides of the road, which makes people feel that history is blocked here.

there is no one in the ticket office of Xizhimen Railway Station, and it has a new look. Compared with the old photos a hundred years ago, the vague style is still there, but the white and elegant style of European architecture in modern history has been lost, and it has been replaced by the repair after several times of painting and damage. According to the current requirements, the clothes and buildings along the railway tracks are all marked yellow. This empty ticket office is no exception.

The conductor said that since May last year, this platform only serves tourist trains in the suburbs of Beijing, canceling long-distance buses. She said that the only way to take a bus was to go to Beijing South Railway Station or West Railway Station. She reminded that there are more buses from South Station to Zhangjiakou.

in the 196s after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the line from Fengtai in Beijing to Shahe in Hebei Province, which Zhan Tianyou abandoned, was rebuilt. The current situation is that the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has been partially abandoned. Xizhimen Railway Station was originally the second stop of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, but now I want to go to Zhangjiakou, taking the "Fengsha Line" without going through this platform.

The main platform and overpass of Xizhimen Railway Station were designed and built by Zhan Tianyou in 196, and it has been 93 years since then. It is named after the station is 1 km away from Xizhimen. The east-west direction of the station is surrounded by the sorghum river and moat, with the "Watergate" in the south and a large reed pond in the north. The main waiting room looks like a big ship sailing. In this way, the station will naturally blend into the surrounding environment, and will not destroy the natural beauty of the surrounding waters, which reflects the designer's superior design ideas.

Xizhimen Station includes a main building, two platforms and an overpass connecting the first and second platforms. After renovation two years ago. The main station building is a western-style two-story wooden structure, with blue bricks and plastered joints. It has a large span, flat roof and no deformation, and has not leaked rain so far. There is only one centimeter crack on the wall at the entrance of the main station building, and no other damage is found inside.

I looked up the "website". The canopy of the station platform is very high, the main body is wood structure, and the upper part of the first platform is decorated with cast iron. The overpass is a steel structure, cold riveted by angle iron and I-shaped steel, and there is no corrosion. The steel products are marked, so it is easy to identify the I-shaped steel produced by Scottish Lancashire Steel Company and Green Guennoc Steel Company and the angle iron produced by Daizel Steel Company. At that time, the annual output of steel in Britain was about 5 million tons, ranking second in the world. The quality of steel is good, and all the steel used is imported from Britain.

Xizhimen Railway Station, designed and built by Zhan Tianyou, has been used for a hundred years without any worries. An excellent construction project itself is a work of art in harmony with the environment. This nearly 1-year-old building was listed as a first-class cultural relic protection building in Beijing in 1995.

Xizhimen Railway Station, which is now deserted, was once responsible for the arrival and distribution of industrial and agricultural production and daily necessities in Xicheng District and Haidian District of Beijing, the South-to-North Food Transfer Project and the military transportation of troops directly under the central government. Now, due to the need of railway deployment and speed-up, the passenger transport of this platform is mainly to transport tourists to Badaling and Kangxi Caoyuan in the suburbs of Beijing.

Xizhimen Railway Station, also known as North Station, is near the exhibition hall, zoo and other scenic spots. It is not far from the large-scale wholesale markets of agricultural products such as Jingtu Temple and Dazhong Temple, and it can also reach Zhongguancun and Shangdi High-tech Park. It can be said that its location is unique, but its function has been gradually replaced by other transportation hubs.

In the courtyard outside the waiting hall, an old man sat there basking in the sun and squinting. A basin of sewage from washing clothes spilled out of a small shop and immediately overflowed more than half of the open space.

Qinglongqiao Station: Lonely Speech of Road Maintenance Workers

In the afternoon, Qinglongqiao Station was deserted, and the bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou stood there.

some tourists will visit here, and after visiting Badaling, they can reach it along the downhill road. There are national highways and expressways passing through here. So there are not many guests who come to play by train. The Qinglong Bridge is particularly deserted.

there is a KFC fast food restaurant in Badaling, but there is no McDonald's. On the lonely platform of Qinglong Bridge, there is only one cart selling snacks, which is unattended.

Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall is in Badaling, but his bronze statue is in Qinglong Bridge. Later generations thought that Qinglong Bridge had special significance for him.

The bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou stands behind the mountain at Qinglong Bridge Station. The bronze statue was built in the 11th year of the Republic of China (AD 1922). It was built by the Han-Yue-Chuan Railway Fellowship and the Chinese Society of Engineers and the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway Fellowship. Like the inscription on the left by Sun Yat-sen; Like the tomb of Zhan Tianyou and his wife Tan Juzhen on the back hillside.

The place directly opposite the bronze statue is the herringbone track. At that time, the problems of construction period and cost were solved, and the cave to be constructed was reduced from 19 meters to 11 meters. Later generations have always believed that this is a great invention of Zhan Tianyou. In fact, in the same period, the use of "herringbone" railway has been adopted by some countries. However, few people used it because it involved changing the front of the train and the running speed of the train, but it is unknown whether Zhan Tianyou knew it at that time. Later, Zhan Tianyou also stated that the choice of herringbone track was forced by the construction period.

At present, the zigzag route is generally not adopted in railway construction in mountainous areas, but the spiral route is generally adopted. "But at the time, it was an amazing achievement." The only road maintenance worker walking in Qinglong Bridge said that he was a local.

The problem of the slow running speed of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has existed since the founding of the People's Republic of China, which can't keep up with the needs of railway development. According to the road maintenance worker, its running speed is only about 4 kilometers per hour. However, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway appeared in the northern territory on behalf of modern transportation capacity at that time, which can be said to have opened a new page in economic development along the route. At the same time, the economic radiation and vibration of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway also strongly calls for the development of Inner Mongolia and northern Shanxi.

After Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was put into operation, it extended to Datong in only seven years. It extended to Baotou in 1921 after five years; Form an artery to achieve political unity, consolidate national defense and prosper the northern region. After Beijing-Zhangjiakou, Beijing-Suiyuan and beijing-baotou railway Unicom were connected, the traffic was smooth. It was no longer the disappointing and confusing scene of "Ox-Ox-cart, swim slowly, and when will we arrive in Baotou" sung by the old folk songs, but it became "Wan Li in the future, far away from the wild" and politically it was "Harmony with my five ethnic groups and solid border defense".

The deeper influence of the opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou line is to bring opportunities to the trade of Inner Mongolia and Siberia, so that they can be accommodated in the international economic cycle. According to some data, the traffic volume of Beijing-Zhangjiakou line rose linearly after it was opened to traffic in 199. In that year, the freight volume was 42, tons and the passenger volume was 41,. By 1915, the freight volume reached 1.8 million tons and the passenger volume was 91,. In just seven years, the freight volume increased by 3.3 times and the passenger volume increased by 1.2 times. The increase in traffic volume actually reflects the rapid development of production and unprecedented economic prosperity within the scope of attraction.

According to the road maintenance worker, the Qinglongqiao station is not as prosperous as before. Because the passing locomotives of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway have to change their heads here, it used to be a hub station. Now, there are really no more trains except those for outing. The Zhan Tianyou-era Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has completed its mission.

This worker's daily work, that is, walking from Badaling along the railway, has nothing to repair.

The waiting room is only opened when a train comes. The train stops at this station for 5 minutes, but there are usually few people getting on and off. The significance of parking is more like paying tribute to the bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou.

Jiming Mountain: Temple built without coal mine

The Jing-Zhang line was completed in four years, two years ahead of the expected construction period, and the cost was 282, silver less than the budget. Mining Jimingshan Coal Mine is the effective measure under the overall planning of Zhan Tianyou in that year.

Jiming Mountain is located one mile east of Xiahuayuan Station. The mountain is high, with an altitude of 119 meters. Legend has it that Empress Xiao of Liao country built two gardens here when she visited Jiming Mountain, which has been called up to now.

It is reported that as early as 191, the local people used indigenous methods to mine the buried coal in Jiming Mountain. According to records, before the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, Zhan Tianyou mentioned Jimingshan Coal Mine in his memorial to Qing Dynasty:

"Jimingshan Coal Mine, which belongs to Xuanhua Prefecture, is quite prosperous, and it has been mined by indigenous methods, and its coal quality is also very good, which can be used for train boilers, machinery factories and commercial use. If the miners are sent to the mountain for investigation, and the fruit system is available, and then they try to mine it, the capital of Beijing and Zhang Quanlu will be used, which not only saves the operation cost, but also saves the value and can be transported and sold everywhere, and the income of the whole railway is also increasing day by day.

"The new security guard belonging to ChaHuailai produces hard coal, which is used by residents there for daily use. For example, when the mine dispatcher surveys Jimingshan Coal Mine, he can conduct an inquest. If the coal seedlings are flourishing, they should be mined together. Local sales will also be popular. If it is transported and sold by train, the price of the car will be cheaper than that of the camel, and it will be more beneficial to earn money on this road. If the above two mines can be mined, there are three advantages: Kaiping coal is not purchased in this road, which saves freight and can be loaded on the spot. Benefit 1: The more coal produced in this mine, the more it will be shipped by train when it is transported to other places for sale, and benefit 2; Shipped by train, the price of the car is not only cheap, but also daily, and its coal price will be reduced as it is now, while the people are more willing to buy it, and the nearby people can make a living by working in this mine, which is beneficial. "

The early opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was regarded as the only channel for domestic and foreign trade. Coal, ore, livestock, fur and grain from outside the customs are continuously transported into the customs, while industrial products such as cotton cloth, brick tea, kerosene and paper from inside the customs are also exported to northwest provinces and regions, forming an economic belt with mineral resources and agriculture and animal husbandry as the mainstay along the west side of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Xuanhua Iron Mine, Xiahuayuan Coal Mine and Xin 'an Coal Mine have all developed rapidly.

A hundred years later, Jiming Mountain is much more desolate than that year. The focus of coal mining has shifted to other hills, and only sporadic private small coal mines are working. The taxi driver used to be a worker in Xiahuayuan Coal Mine, but later he changed his profession because of poor benefits. It was learned from him that Sijing had been closed because of frequent accidents and deaths. The solution to the accident is to compensate the family of the deceased for 2 thousand yuan at a time, arrange work for their children and transfer to urban hukou.

Jiming Mountain has not been idle since there were fewer coal mines. A Taoist crown was built on the top of the mountain, and a temple is being built near the top of the mountain, and it is coming to an end. The local people said that the Taoist priest Guan was very clever in divination. At noon on November 1, he basked in the sun with the monk outside the temple. Not far from the mountainside, a mother and son used a hoe to plane a medicinal material called "Zuan Dilong", which could be sold for about two yuan per kilogram after drying. The medicinal materials they dug up in a day were not as much as one kilogram after drying.

On the way up the mountain, I met some local doctors riding motorcycles down from the mountain. They are going to play in the mountains. The ticket to the temple gate is five yuan each, and the ticket is mimeographed.

Not far from Jiming Mountain, there is a coal-fired power plant, and smoke billows over the lower garden. This coal-fired power plant was taken over by the Japanese after the defeat, and it has been maintained until now after transformation.

The temples on the mountain are not newly built, but rebuilt. According to the research, temples appeared on the top of the mountain in 231 (the fifth year of Wei Taihe), and the temples in the middle of the mountain first appeared in 124 (the fourth year of Liao Taiping).

On the way up the mountain, I met a shepherd driving a group of goats down the mountain, about twenty of them. Pheasants are everywhere.

Zhangjiakou: beyond the Great Wall, beyond the Great Wall

Zhangjiakou is a town of great economic significance in northern China. Its commercial prosperity can be traced back to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. After the Sino-Russian Treaty in 1869, it was opened as a land commercial port for trading with Russia.

According to Yang Jixian, director of the Literature and History Department of Zhangjiakou Municipal Political Consultative Conference, before the opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, Zhangjiakou had already become a business center due to its suitable geographical location and many years of business history. At that time, it was recorded in the literature that "all the sundries needed for daily use in inner and outer Mongolia and Chahar were taken here, and other bulk materials were also used as transshipment sites"; According to the history of literature and history, "the annual trade volume here is more than 32 million."

Rao, traffic still restricts the local development. This area is rich in natural resources, such as coal, iron ore, manganese, copper, gold and silver, graphite, marble, etc., which are all bulk materials and lack of transportation capacity. Fur, livestock and grain are also well-known local specialties, and it is difficult to transport them abroad because of inconvenient transportation. Zhangjiakou area and its vast hinterland as a commercial port, including Inner Mongolia and even Siberia in the Soviet Union, can't transport the products produced; The required cloth, silk, tea, kerosene, paper, flour and rice, etc. are also very limited. The transportation of goods and materials mainly depends on camels, mules and horses, and thousands of draught animals go northward through the south entrance every day. It can be described as a huge scale, but the transportation capacity is very small, which is far from meeting the needs.

After the opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, the regional economy became prosperous, and the population quickly gathered in the towns along the line. At that time, a song showed the relationship between transportation and economy: "Mining, agriculture, poultry, livestock, rich products, immigration, especially relying on losing generals."

According to data, there were more than 35, businessmen in Zhangjiakou at that time, accounting for half of the total population. There are more than 1,45 large and small firms, and there are more than 7 businesses in Mongolia, accounting for half of the total number of firms. In addition, there are more than 4 foreign firms and their agents, who not only specialize in purchasing livestock products shipped back from Mongolia by Mongolian businessmen, but also sell some foreign goods; Most of the other firms have developed into related industries by traveling to Mongolia.

Zhangjiakou is a fortress in the northwest, with the Great Wall in the north and mountains on three sides. It is an important town connecting Inner Mongolia and the mainland, so it has become the largest "material distribution center" in the northwest of China, and is known as the "land commercial port" and "dry dock". The restriction of traffic bottleneck was greatly liberated after the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou line.

in 1921, the railway extended to Suiyuan, and in 1923, it was extended to Baotou. There were many beneficiaries along the railway, and Hebei, Shanxi, Chahar, Suiyuan, Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai were all "all unfavorable". It has become an "umbilical cord" connecting the people of ethnic minorities in the northwest with the people of the Chinese nation. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway constitutes an important section of China Railway in modern times, and connects a large area of North China with the branch lines.

Zhu Huilin, director of Zhangjiakou Local Records Office, said that after 1929, China and Russia broke off diplomatic relations, and the property of Mongolian tourists in outer Mongolia was confiscated, resulting in a loss of more than 1 million taels of white silver. Zhangjiakou to Cullen (now the Mongolian people and Ulaanbaatar, the capital of China) was cut off from traffic, and since then Zhangjiakou's "Zhangyuan business has plummeted.