No badge, no business.

Having been to Huizhou twice, I was not only amazed at the Xanadu and antique Huizhou culture in southern Anhui, but also deeply impressed by the richness of this land, which can be seen from the ancient high-rise buildings and carved beams and painted buildings. This prosperous atmosphere continues to this day and is inextricably linked with Huizhou merchants.

Huizhou merchants come from Huizhou and Guxin 'an County, including Shexian County, Xiuning County, Wuyuan County, Qimen County, Yixian County and Jixi County, collectively known as "one government and six counties", which is an important economic and cultural development area in history. Unique geographical and cultural conditions gave birth to a caravan that affected all of China.

In the Ming Dynasty, Anhui Geography recorded that "it is natural for Hui people to buy more merchants." "Huizhou Fuzhi" contains: "Huizhou Xiebao Valley, the mountain is on the original foothills, the fields are barren, and the production is extremely thin. Most of them enter school at the age of one, and they can't support anything. Those who practice more, or those who sell goods and eat in other counties, are often nineteen. Huizhou, located in the fringe of Wutou Chuwei, with high mountains and dense forests and changeable terrain, is known as "eight mountains, half water and half fields, one road and one manor". Three waves of immigrants in the history of late Jin Dynasty, late Song Dynasty, late Tang Dynasty and China made a large number of people move into Huizhou from the north. Huizhou, with a small land and a large population, is overwhelmed, barren hills and barren hills, and is forced to go out for business. The proverb "I was born in Huizhou in my last life and left abroad at the age of thirteen or fourteen" truly describes the tradition of Huizhou people doing business.

Huizhou, located in an area surrounded by mountains, is not conducive to the growth of food crops, but is very conducive to the growth of cash crops such as wood, bamboo and tea. Huizhou people adapted to local conditions, made full use of these mountain resources and embarked on the road of doing business. Kangxi's Records of Huizhou Prefecture recorded that "Heaven and Man entrusted their lives to agriculture, while Huizhou people entrusted their lives to business". In addition, the dense water network provides superior conditions for the transportation and communication of Huizhou merchants, and lays the foundation for Huizhou merchants to radiate the whole country.

History has chosen Huizhou, and Huizhou merchants dominate the world, which is closely related to his culture. Huizhou has a strong regional culture and history, and has a prosperous writing style of "one village, ten households, not wasting reading". "Although it is Jia, it is salty and close to the style of literati." Historically, Jia had a close relationship with Confucianism, which became a major feature of Huizhou commercial gangs.

In the fierce market competition, the relationship between supply and demand is constantly changing. To grasp the market situation, we must have certain business knowledge. When the industry expands, it needs management skills, which requires the knowledge of businessmen. In addition, once the overseas Huizhou merchants get rich, they return to their hometown with rich clothes, build ancestral temples, roads and bridges, and build halls, especially keen on running schools and examination halls, which provides a stable supply of talents for the development of Huizhou merchants.

"The granary knows etiquette, and food and clothing know honor and disgrace." Huizhou merchants who become rich in business never forget to pursue their own cultural and spiritual life.

Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties pushed Confucianism to a new stage of development. "There are Zhu in Wuyuan, Mencius in Youzhou and Confucius in Qufu." Zhu's ancestral home in Huizhou and his Neo-Confucianism have a far-reaching influence on Huizhou. After the development of Yuan Dynasty, Xin 'an Neo-Confucianism School was formed. "Zhu Xi's learning is all over the world, but the people of Xin 'an are familiar with it, detailed and solid. "Huizhou has become a model for practicing Neo-Confucianism. In a subtle way, Confucianism, ethics and morality have become the guide of Huizhou merchants' self-action, and Confucianism's "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom" is reflected in all aspects of business.

More than 300 years from the middle of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty was the golden period for the development of Huizhou merchants, ranking first among all the merchants in the country in terms of business quantity, scope of activities, business sectors and capital scale. Especially after the middle of Ming Dynasty, the development of commodity economy, the formation of national market and the germination of new production relations greatly promoted the development of Huizhou merchants. From the inland Central Plains to overseas border crossings, Huizhou merchants have traveled all over the country. "Rich room, jiangnan push xin' an, jiangbei push mountain right. Xin' an Dajia, fish and salt are the industry, Tibet has a population of one million, and the remaining 200,000 to 300,000 are in Jiaer. " In salt industry, pawn industry and other aspects, Huizhou merchants are even in a monopoly position.

At that time, a number of successful examples of Huizhou merchants were achieved. Today, these old brands of Huizhou merchants are still active in the market and are well known by people.

Centennial Hu Yumei:

? In the tenth year of Daoguang, a Hu family moved to Anqing from Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi), and a man named Hu began to wander in the local streets, carrying sauce goods on his shoulders, and successively founded the "Simei" sauce garden and the "Yucheng" sauce garden, and also founded the "sauce garden" in the four-story building of Anqing Commercial Center (the name is the store number), which not only reflected the hardships of previous entrepreneurs, but also showed that with the development of the business. There are more and more products, such as canned food, cold drinks, cakes, medicinal liquor and other new varieties, especially the long-standing broad bean hot sauce and shrimp soy sauce. Up to now, it has been 180 years, and it is a well-known "China Time-honored Brand" enterprise.

Zhang Xiaoquan scissors:

? Zhang Xiaoquan brand became famous in 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty). It is a time-honored brand in China and the only well-known trademark in China in the knife and scissors industry. For more than 300 years, Zhang Xiaoquan's successor has been adhering to the ancestral motto of "Excellent Steel Works" and has done a good job. Traditional civil scissors are the first product in Zhang Xiaoquan. They have five styles, namely "Xinhua, Shan Lang, Wuhua, Round Head and Long Head". They dominate the cutting industry with ten characteristics, such as uniform steel inlay, clear rigidity, fine grinding, sharp blade, firm pins, smooth opening and closing, exquisite style, novel carving, durability, high quality and low price.

Xie tea shop:

? Xie is a famous brand of Mao Feng in Huangshan, Anhui Province, which is the quality and symbol of Mao Feng in Huangshan. Xiechahang is committed to developing and selling famous teas of origin. 19 At the end of the 20th century, Xie tea shops spread all over Kyushu, and also exported tea to the Far East and Western Europe through foreign firms, which had the reputation of "being famous in Europe for four or five years". Zhang Zhidong, an important minister of Westernization in the late Qing Dynasty, praised his honest management concept and wrote in his own hand "Sincerely invite all the guests in the world, and Xie Gonglou enjoys a good reputation". Later, Huang, the master of Xin 'an Painting School, praised Xie as "the first in Huangshan and Mao Feng". Xie Tea House is the leader of China time-honored tea houses.

Hu Qingyutang:

? Hu Qingyutang was a drugstore in the 13th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1874). Hu Xueyan, a "red-top businessman" in the late Qing Dynasty, started to build a Hu Xueyan Qingyutang pharmacy for the purpose of "saving the world and benefiting the people", which was completed and officially opened in Dajing Lane in Guangxu four years. Based on the Royal Pharmacopoeia of Song Dynasty, Hu Qingyutang collected all kinds of ancient prescriptions, proven prescriptions and secret recipes, and combined with clinical experience, carefully formulated more than 400 kinds of prescriptions such as Qingyutang pills, powders, ointments, pills, gels, lotions, oils and medicinal liquor, and wrote a special book "Complete Works of Hu Qingyutang Xue Ji Pills", which was handed down from generation to generation. Up to now, it still inherits the ancestral formula and traditional pharmaceutical technology, and retains a large number of traditional brand-name products.