The Life of the Characters in john adams's Works

Adams is the great-grandson of Puritan immigrants John and Priscilla Alden, and his grandmother is Hannah Bass (1667~ 1705). Among Adams' grandparents, the first one to come to this colony was his great-grandfather henry adams, a farmer and malt maker. /kloc-in 0/640, he left Somerset, England with his wife Edith Squier Adams and nine children to live in braintree, Massachusetts. Adams's father, john adams, is a farmer and a shoemaker. As a backbone member of the community, he made various contributions in braintree, serving as a militia lieutenant, a town council member, a sheriff, a tax collector and a church deacon. His father's example made Adams set great ambitions when he was young.

1735101October 30th (new calendar) Adams was born in braintree, Massachusetts. John adams's childhood in braintree was carefree. He made his own toy boat. He likes flying kites, playing with hoops, playing marbles, throwing hoops, wrestling and swimming. Adams is not tall, about 5 feet 6 inches (168cm). He was short and strong when he was young, and round and fat after middle age. Sharp blue eyes and slender brown hair. 175 1 year, John entered Harvard College. At that time, the academic ranking was not based on students' academic performance, but on the social status of students' families. Adams was born in a decent family, but his status was low, so he ranked 15 among 24 students in class 1755, slightly lower than the average. 1755 graduated from Harvard College with a Bachelor of Arts degree. After that, he studied law with James Putnam in Worcester, Massachusetts, and was admitted to Massachusetts Bar Association 1758 165438 in June.

1On October 25th, john adams, aged 28, married Abigail Smith, aged 19, at the bride's parents' home in weymouth, Massachusetts. Abigail Smith was born in1744165438+1October 23rd (new calendar). She is the second daughter of Reverend william smith and Elizabeth Smith, and the granddaughter of Massachusetts Senator Colonel John Quincy. Since practicing as a lawyer in Massachusetts from 65438 to 0758, Adams started his career as a lawyer in Boston, and served as a road surveyor and a town council official in braintree. From 1768 to 1769, in his first famous case, john hancock was accused of smuggling wine into Boston Harbor without paying customs duties, and Adams successfully defended him.

Member of Massachusetts legislature (1770 ~1774)1770 He represented Boston and was elected as a member of the state legislature (lower house) as a legal adviser to the state legislature. 1773 was elected as a member of the governor's Committee (upper house) by the state legislature. However, the Royal Governor rejected his election. Adams praised the Boston Tea Party as an appropriate strategy to resist the British colonial policy.

Delegate to the Continental Congress (1774 ~1777)1774, Adams was elected as the representative of Massachusetts to the Continental Congress, and devoted himself to expanding the early anti-British base to the southern colonies. In order to achieve this goal, he nominated George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. He served on the secret outreach committee responsible for seeking foreign funding. This committee was responsible for drafting the Declaration of Independence, which was completed by Thomas Jefferson. Adams also served as chairman of the War and Ordnance Committee. Apart from Jefferson, he is the only president who signed the Declaration of Independence.

John adams has always been keen on politics. He is one of the main leaders of the American independence movement. Together with Washington and Jefferson, he was called the "three outstanding figures" of the American independence movement. During the American War of Independence, he was ordered to send envoys to France and the Netherlands to participate in the conclusion of a peace agreement, which made these two European powers stand on the side of the United States, which was striving for independence, broke the attempt of British colonialists to strangle this new country in the cradle, and won extremely valuable material and moral assistance for the new United States, which was not recognized by most countries at that time. To this end, the British regard him as the second "evil figure" after Washington, the father of the United States, and must get rid of him quickly. During his mission to Europe, assassins sent by Britain hunted him down many times and locked in his unruly figure, but they were all managed to get rid of him by the alert. He accomplished his mission brilliantly and opened up a diplomatic situation for the new United States of America. As one of the most important leaders of the American independence movement, Adams Sr. was elected as the first and second members of Congress after the War of Independence. From 1789 to 1797, Adams Sr. was re-elected as the vice president twice in the team of the founding father Washington. 1797 In March, he defeated Thomas Jefferson, an old comrade-in-arms in the War of Independence, and became the second president of the United States.

Old Adams recalled the moment when Washington handed him the presidential power, and there was a passage like this: "I think I know what he really thought:' Oh! I'm relieved that you took over! Let's see who is happier! "Old Adams soon knew the answer, and he faced more troubles than Washington. Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers of the United States, accused Adams of being a "damn American tyrant" and a "villain that all mankind should curse" because he disagreed with Adams politically. He laughed at fat old Adams as a "ball" and said that he had a "one-and-a-half-foot-high belly". During Adams Sr's tenure, because of the influence of two important factors, the original dream of the founding fathers of the United States-to build a pure political system beyond political parties-was completely shattered. One of the reasons is the majority principle; The second reason is the French Revolution. Most principles require unity, and the more stable the better, so political parties are indispensable. The French Revolution split the alliance ideologically. Facing the challenge of the Federalist headed by Jefferson, the Federalist headed by Adams Sr. firmly grasped the political power. 1798, Adams Sr. proposed the Immigration and Speech Bill, trying to legally prevent * * * and the Republican Party from recruiting supporters among new immigrants. Unsurprisingly, these measures caused an uproar.

But the most serious crisis of old Adams did not come from * * * and the rise of the party. He was in trouble with his close friend and staunch political supporter, Hamilton, one of the founding fathers of the United States. He scornfully called Hamilton "the wet-behind-the-ears bastard of a Scottish peddler", and Hamilton wrote a pamphlet accusing the old Adams of his shortcomings. Hamilton's defection surprised * * * and Republicans, calling his pamphlet "a pie falling from the sky". Jefferson was glad to realize that * * * and the Republican Party could win an absolute victory. He guessed right. The internal division of federalists gave the Republican Party and Jefferson a chance, and Jefferson won the presidential election at 1800. 1826 On July 4th, the 50th anniversary of the formal adoption of the Declaration of Independence, john adams passed away at Anning Manor in Quincy. His famous last words were "Is Thomas Jefferson still alive?" In fact, Thomas Jefferson, his political enemy in his early years and his old friend in his later years, died a few hours earlier, and john adams didn't know until his death.