Please send the poem "To her" to Kipius.

Gippius (знгипиус, 1869- 1945) is one of the most distinctive and religious female poets in the Russian "Silver Age". Her work.

Her poems not only show the floating state of human beings' hesitation, hesitation and struggle between the two poles of life, but also reflect the poetess's "poetic eternal desire" for existence, as well as her arrogance in chewing the sweetness of life in suffering and looking for hope in despair.

Edit this life experience

Another female poet known as "Sappho" in Russian poetry circles in the Silver Age was Zenaida gippius (1869- 1945). Regarding this poetess, Brysov thinks, "Ms. gippius belongs to our most outstanding artist. Her poems seem to outline the whole experience of a modern mind with concentrated and powerful language and clear and sensitive images, while Ann Nenski claims that her creation "has a history of 15 years of our lyrical modernism". Both the two masters of symbolism poetry have made such high comments on her, which shows her position in Russian modernist literature and poetry history that can not be ignored.

Gippius was born in Belova, Tula province in central Russia. My father's distant ancestor is a German immigrant, I am a lawyer, and my mother is the daughter of the police chief of a county in Siberia. Gippius spent his childhood and adolescence in Nielin County. In order to get her daughter a formal education, her father tried to send her to a women's college in Kiev. However, because she couldn't bear the sadness of leaving her relatives, she had to spend most of her time in the affiliated hospital of the college. Faced with this situation, my father had to give in and take her home again. Therefore, Kipius began to learn knowledge and wisdom through self-study. Although gippius's self-study is not systematic, she reads an amazing amount. She has read almost all the famous Russian literary works, and knows Nikolai Nikolai Gogol and Turgenev like the back of her hand, especially Dostoevsky.

1889 65438+1On October 8th, gippius married the famous writer de Merezhkovski. The wedding is very simple and simple. According to her memoirs, this is "a bit like the wedding of Katie described by Tolstoy in Anna karenin". However, the next scene is beyond Tolstoy's imagination. The night after the wedding, the couple still read books separately. Then Melezh kowski returned to his hotel; But Kipius fell asleep and completely "forgot that he was married". Until the morning, my mother knocked at the door: "You are still sleeping, your husband is here. Get up! " And this is the beginning of their marriage-alliance-gay friendship. For them, spiritual attachment seems to be far greater than physical closeness. It is this couple who have been married in Tbilisi for 52 years and have never been separated for a day.

Shortly after their marriage, they came to Petersburg. On the recommendation of her husband, gippius soon entered the literary circle of Petersburg, and she published her first novel in the Northern Herald. 1904 published the first collection of poems, Poems 1889- 1903. This collection of poems contains many works that shocked the world at that time, such as: "My road is cruel and heartless, leading me to death. But I love myself, just like I love God. Love will save my soul. Love only happens once, just like death. I pursue things I know nothing about ... I pursue things, and there is nothing in this world. On the theme, Kipius's poems are basically the same as those of the "old generation" symbolist poets, describing loneliness, love, death, personality, human powerlessness, the interweaving and entanglement of divinity and beast, and so on. In poetic language, she likes to express her thoughts directly with imperative sentences, but at the same time, she pays attention to injecting profound philosophy into her poems and paying attention to the fundamental problems, trying to pursue infinity in the finite, contingency in the inevitable and hope in the depths of despair.

190 1 year, the philosopher berdyaev organized a religious-philosophical association, in which Kipius and his wife were the first participants. As for their apartment "Moroz House", it became one of the cultural centers of Petersburg and was regarded as an oasis of Russian intellectuals at that time. The hostess of the salon also won the titles of Sappho in Petersburg, Madonna in decadence, Luther in skirt in Russia, Mermaid with Green Eyes and Cassandra in Russia. According to his religious views, Kipius divided human history into three stages. The first stage is the father's stage, that is, the Old Testament era, which is the stage when human beings realize the power and authority of God and the truth of the world. The second stage is the stage of the son Jesus, that is, the era of the "New Testament" and the era we are currently in. Love becomes a symbol of truth at this stage; The third stage is the holy spirit stage, the eternal female-virgin stage, that is, the era of the "Third Covenant", which is the future of mankind, and freedom will become a symbol of love. By then, all the contradictions in human existence-sex and abstinence, slavery and freedom, hate and love, atheism and religion, etc.-will be solved. In the whole history of Russian poetry, Kipius can be called one of the most religious poets. She believes that the most natural and urgent need of human nature is prayer. In her mind, truth or exploring truth is higher than human happiness, so she declared in her poem: "I don't pray for happiness for you, and the content of my prayer is far more noble than happiness."

Dissatisfied with the autocratic rule of the czar and the corruption of bureaucrats, Kipius sincerely longed for changes in his motherland and revolution, hoping to create a new Russia from revolution and change. To this end, she warmly cheered 19 17 the arrival of the February revolution. However, she was soon disappointed and wrote in her diary: "This' freedom' that weighed heavily on former slaves is too cruel." The revolution she understands is a spiritual revolution, which belongs to the religious level. However, the vulgarity, violence and bloodiness of reality are so far from her ideal that she simply can't accept the October Revolution that followed. 1920 at the beginning, gippius and her husband Merezhkovski smuggled out of the country. He has lived in Paris since 192 1. In Paris, they continued to publicize the spirit of the Third Covenant and the New Christianity, organized a religious-philosophical group "Green Light Society" and held a salon "Literature Sunday", and gathered a large number of overseas Chinese elite intellectuals around them, which played a role in fueling the first wave of overseas Chinese literature.

In her later years, she continued to write, leaving two excellent memoirs, The Living Face and De Merezhkovski. The last poem she left was: "The last pine tree was illuminated. /The black wooden pier stands out below. /Now, it is about to disappear. /the end is gone forever. /Disappeared during the day. What's in the daytime? /I don't know, it flew away like a bird. /Just an ordinary day,/But, after all, it's gone forever. "

Edit this religious belief

Gippius is a very pure religious poet and one of the inheritors of Russian symbolism poetry. Her poems enthusiastically call for God's love, clear and vivid, with relaxed images and almost no obscurity. The images she provides for religious themes are dense and unrestrained. Poets sometimes shout, "God, my God, the sun, where are you?" (August), sometimes intoxicated by "there is no one else in the world at the moment/only God, the sky and me" (instant), and sometimes boasting that "I am like God, eager to know everything about everyone" (passerby), this yearning for perfection even masks her strong local consciousness, which is almost the same feature of Russian literati. /kloc-Since the 20th century, the tradition of Russian lyric poetry has shown pride and hesitation, insufficient philosophical thinking and excessive literary emotion in the cold winter of independence between Greek and Hebrew cultures, two sources of western spirit. The appearance of Kipius aggravated this tendency. She never forgets to put herself under the eyes of God, in the theological system of the trinity of the Father, the Holy Spirit and the Son, which marks the only far end and firmly wraps her inside.

The strong religious background gave birth to passionate poetry, which also highlighted the uniqueness of this poetess in front of her native compatriots-Akhmatova and Zvetayeva, the "two beauties of poetry". Whether it is A's Requiem or C's Dating, its tragicomedy is integrated with euphemistic feminine color, but in many love poems of Kipius, its gender characteristics are always ambiguous. Most of these poems are narrated in a man's tone, and both lovers and loved ones are hazy. 1903' s kiss is perhaps gippius's purest love poem: "anis, when can I put my smile/close to your charming lips?" /Don't be scared away like a timid fish/What about the future-I don't know. "Tender lips, beating heart and" sliding kiss "seem to mark the moment when the poet is closest to love, but this kind of love is limited to this infinite approach-just like the relationship between the poet and God. The hero who is passionate about love keeps encouraging the other person to "look at me, don't be afraid, my eyes are pure", but he is still thinking about "how beautiful the moment of making a promise is". On the one hand, it is an irresistible youthful impulse, on the other hand, it is almost static; The warm breath between words seems to constitute the whole of this long kiss.

Poetry written to this point, it is inevitable that there is suspicion of homosexuality. How can a normal woman describe the image of "kiss" in such an ambiguous way? Gippius wrote many poems to express his love for women. In these poems, love always stays in the formative stage. The speaker keeps hoping that "I will give you a transparent room with a small door/give you a bright lily" (for her in the mountains), or thinking that "everything between us is always short of dew/neither dew nor love" (the name of dew), or recalling "me". ("She walks over ..."), all these things are fatal and cannot be translated into exact sensory experience. Does this mean that homosexuality, like an unspeakable secret, has been hurting the poet's heart?

Gippius's secret is clearly stated in the poem "Cave Gap": "I only love non-human things on earth,/I love her ... she is a bond with you". According to my understanding, "you" here should refer to God (in another poem "Love", the reference to God is "He"-"Go on, people who are suffering and laughing,/everyone walks towards him"); "Love only inhuman things" exposed her dissatisfaction with secular love. The poet imagines himself as a person in love, but consciously avoids blind date with the skin. What haunts her mind is the metaphysical symbol of love, the illusion of integration with religious pursuit, and the proof of God's blessing to the world. Therefore, she tries not to completely involve herself in the love narrative, but maintains a sense of mission and loneliness of a religious preacher outside the plot. Driven by these two forces, she involuntarily put herself in the position of a man in love, approached on her own initiative, and made no mention of feminine tears and laughter-the natural crystallization of love when it was strong. The highest state of love is unity with the god of love. In the poem Freedom, Kipius declares her exact relationship with God: "I just call God in the name of my son, the creator of life."

Not long ago, I finally read this passage in Kipius' diary: "I don't want distinctive female characteristics or distinctive male characteristics. People never like me-when I am around women, my female side is active, and when I am with men, my male side is active! I am more like a man in thought, desire and spirit; But in my body-I'm still a woman. The two are intertwined, which makes me at a loss.

"My kiss is very different from the' kiss' as the first step towards the form of (purely physical) love; My kiss goes to true love. "

At this point, Kipius's "tendency" seems to be self-evident. But I am more concerned about what she calls "true love"-in my opinion, this kind of love can only exist as a part of the pilgrim's progress and a monument to the infinite expansion of the poet's spiritual world. When she sets up a seat that belongs to God, this God is not so much the omniscient and omnipotent who controls everything, but rather the symbol of light and goodness, the transcendental existence that the world can be infinitely approached or can be replaced by the highest level of the spiritual world; At the same time, "this world" is a stage where people can't easily abandon and practice responsibility ethics. Therefore, Kipius can get the support of German paul tillich, who advocates "absolute faith" and "God beyond God" and that people should find the ultimate basis of their existence-"courage to exist". We can see that Kipius obstinately calls on God in his poems, and at the end of the poem, he expresses his desire to dedicate himself to God, which echoes Tirich's request. "All wishes, far or near-/are projected into a huge circle. /My desire is like a burning wind,/as fierce and infinite as a hurricane. " (Late at night)-It is a place where "women" are completely absent, and there is a surge of "existence" itself.

Gumilyov said that the theological pursuit of Russian symbolist poets is manifested in "we dream of the last-minute image like the highest reward. It doesn't want to interrupt our attention for a moment, but it will never come." The god of Kipius is such a "highest reward". When it comes, those who are at the last moment will get eternal joy. To this end, she used her life to manage her piety and a spiritual world that melted the magic of love. So what did she get? Or use the words in Kipius' memoir to answer: "If many Russian children at that time knew what true youth was, and if they were old with white hair and fragrance, it was because the seeds of religious truth were buried in everyone's heart? You don't have to deceive yourself: without a solid old root, you can't grow vibrant and vibrant buds. "

Edit this poem by Kipius.

Song (surname)

My window is very high,

Drive too high.

I only see the sunset glow in the sky,-

The sunset glow reflects.

The sky looks pale and empty,

So pale and empty ...

It has no pity on my poor heart.

Not pitiful.

Alas, I am dying of grief and madness,

I'm dying,

I'm looking for something I don't know,

What I don't know is—

I don't know where this desire comes from,

From where,

My heart, I long for miracles with all my heart.

Yearning!

But asking for a miracle has never happened before.

Never,-

The pale sky promised me,

It heralds a miracle,

But I cried without tears, crying for the absurdity of my promise,

This promise is false. ...

What I need is not available in the world.

Not in the world.

(translated by Bai Fei)

lacking in strength

I looked at the sea with greedy eyes,

My feet are tightly attached to the ground. ...

I stood on the top of the cliff, above the sky,

But you can't just fly into the blue sky.

I don't know whether to resist or give in,

Lack of courage to die and courage to live.

Close to god but unable to pray,

Want to love, but have no ability to love.

To the sun, I stretch out my hand to the sun,

I saw pale clouds woven into tents. ...

I think I already know the truth,-

But I don't know what words to use.

(translated by Bai Fei)

knock

The shadow of midnight. There was silence.

The beating of the heart, the beating of the clock.

Night, incredibly heavy!

Night, incredibly dark!

But I know: a fragile heart.

It's quieter than the vast night.

Oh, my God! I beg you,

Give me a sound. Let's send a sign!

I love others and I love myself,

But I love my heart more.

But I will still use my own will

Cut my heart in half.

Silence becomes lifelike.

I heard the answer in the dark silence:

Even though the night is endless,

Light will eventually be born in the dark!

(translated by Wu Di)

discuss

The sky is depressed and low,

But I know I have a noble heart.

I am surprisingly close to you.

We live alone.

My route is ruthless.

It makes me die.

But I love myself as much as I love God.

Love saved my soul.

If I feel tired on the way,

Began to complain in frustration

If I resist,

Dare to long for happiness,-

Never abandon me.

On that gloomy and difficult day.

I implore you to comfort, pity,

Hug the weak brother.

You and I are the only family,

The two of us went east.

The sky is low. To gloat,

But I believe our mood is noble.

(translated by Wu Di)

God's creation

I prayed for the devil,

Oh, my god You made him, too

I love the devil because of him.

I saw my own pain.

Struggle and pain,

He carefully weaves a web for himself. ...

How can I not sympathize with the devil,

Because he is in the same pain as me.

When our bodies come to your class.

Please pay the price when trying out:

God, for his pain.

It's time to forgive his madness.

(translated by Bai Fei)

moment

Through the window, the clear sky is exposed,

The blue sky in the evening is silent, and there are no clouds in Wan Li.

My lonely heart cries happily,

Just because the sky is so beautiful and charming.

Burning with silent glory before darkness

Tingting came from the light with my joy.

The world is blank at the moment.

There is only God, the sky and me in the world.

Give it to her.

I haven't seen my desire for years.

Today, it will open an umbrella in the snow.

In the past, in the sky of your memory.

Fall into a snowflake close to the ground

You, your thoughts often cross the clouds.

Occasionally, the chill of the past will be

Mail it to my loess plateau

As you can see, the thermometer is used to measure emotions.

Insert between age and age.

The mercury column above is still below zero.

A poem whose days are not over.

I can't stand your bright smile.

Starlight is too far away, how can you bet the rhyme in your heart?

The arrow of hope, if it can pass through your sad door.

If you launch it, you can get it from the moon.

Bring your wishful hydrangea.

However, days and love

No one wants to open a full-string bow for you.

Does volcanic ash rise in your lonely heart tonight?

The pain left by the past is within reach.

And you, too, opened the door that had been closed for many years.

Returning from the snow, the first snow disturbed the thoughts of heaven.

My happiness is still in my picture collection.

Snowflake's memory of love is strange when she goes home to visit relatives.

You are like a train full of sadness.

It shook my heart and welcomed the platform of happiness.