Some people say that Venus is closer to the earth. Why don't people choose to land on Venus?

In fact, humans initially chose to explore Venus, only to find that they were disappointed again and again before finally focusing on Mars.

Before the exploration, in fact, if Venus and Mars were not explored. Scientists will also think that going to Venus is far more cost-effective than going to Mars.

You can know by comparing some data. If the comparison is made from planetary structure data:

Venus: Venus has a radius of 6073 km and the earth is 637 1 km. Venus is 0.88 times the size and 0.8 times the mass of the earth.

Mars: The radius of Mars is about half that of the Earth, its volume is only 15% of the Earth's volume, and its mass is only 1 1% of the Earth's mass.

So Venus is very close to the earth, and it is simply the twin brother of the earth.

If compared from a distance:

Venus: The planet closest to the Earth, with an average distance of about 465,438+00,000 kilometers.

Mars: The nearest 55 million kilometers, the farthest 400 million kilometers.

Therefore, it only takes 100 days to detect Venus, while Mars is nearly 300 days faster.

Based on the comparison of the above two sets of data, I believe most people will think that Venus is more likely to be closer to the Earth. Therefore, in fact, human beings also want to choose to explore Venus. Let's take a look at the specific testing situation:

Venus: 1970, the Soviet "Venus 7" realized the first probe to board Venus.

Mars: 197 1 year, the Soviet "Mars 2" realized the first probe landing on Mars.

Therefore, Venus is the second celestial body contacted by human beings, second only to the moon.

Venus is hell. When the human probe landed on Venus, scientists at that time were stunned. We can even say that Venus is simply hell.

The first person to pass Venus (neither landing nor circling Venus) was American Mariner 2 (the Soviet Venus 7 just mentioned landed on Venus).

"Mariner 2" discovered through detection,

This will lead to the extremely high temperature of Venus, with an average surface temperature of more than 460 degrees, and even metal lead will melt in this environment. Therefore, this is not only an ordinary hell, but also a hell of fire.

In addition, it takes 243 days for Venus to rotate once and 224.7 days for Venus to revolve once. In other words, the days on Venus are getting longer and there are no four seasons.

Because of its high atmospheric density, Venus's atmospheric pressure is 93 times that of the Earth.

The wind speed on Venus reaches 360km/h, and the wind speed of super typhoon (category 5 hurricane) above 17 on the earth is only 250 km/h. ..

The atmosphere also contains sulfuric acid, and the probe that landed on Venus only lasted for two hours.

Therefore, Venus is devastating not only to the detector, but also to human beings, so scientists are disappointed again and again on the road of exploring Venus until despair. This will turn to the second best and start targeted exploration of Mars and Venus.

In fact, the purpose of exploration is not only scientific considerations, but also the possibility of future interstellar migration when human beings explore planets. Therefore, we choose the planet in the livable zone, and the climate is the most acceptable. Venus was originally a good choice, but it was excluded after a series of explorations, and Mars is actually in the livable zone, which is the second closest planet to the earth, so it naturally turned its attention to Mars.

And compared with Venus, Mars has at least one advantage, that is, the detector can work normally.

Then we can compare some data of Mars and see how it is more suitable than Venus. The first is the comparison of temperature.

Surface temperature of Mars: The average temperature is about -55℃. (maximum 27, minimum-133)

Venus surface temperature: about 464 on average. (Maximum 474, minimum 454)

Among the big planets, Venus is the hottest, hotter than Mercury, and the temperature of Mars is closest to the Earth.

Mars rotates for 24.6 hours and revolves for 687 days, which is much stronger than Venus every year.

Moreover, the rotation axis of Mars is obviously tilted, indicating that there are seasonal changes on Mars.

The atmospheric pressure of Mars is only 1% of that of the earth, and its atmospheric composition is 95% of carbon dioxide, 3% of nitrogen, 1.6% of argon, and little oxygen and water vapor.

And some time ago, scientists also found that there was water on Mars.

So, let's sum up, in fact, before the exploration, scientists also give priority to Venus, because on the surface, the data of Venus is close to the earth, just like the twin brother of the earth; However, after the exploration of the two planets, considering all aspects, the data of Mars is far better than that of Venus, which makes scientists focus on Mars.

Venus is called the twin planet of the earth, because its volume and gravity are very close to that of the earth, although its orange appearance looks dreamy and beautiful.

This is because Venus's atmosphere is almost entirely composed of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Clouds contain a lot of deadly sulfuric acid, and the atmosphere is thicker and denser, and the air pressure is almost 90 times that of our earth.

The strong greenhouse effect and the strong air pressure of Venus make it the hottest planet in the solar system, and the highest temperature can reach 500℃, which is enough to melt lead and become a veritable purgatory.

If humans stay here, they will be corroded, suffocated, scorched and even squeezed at the same time, even if the Soviet Union launches them to Venus.

The probe "Venus 13" only remained frozen for two hours at most, and then the electronic equipment on the spacecraft burned down and stayed there forever. During this period, Venus 13 took precious photos of the surface of Venus and sent them back to Earth.

Since then, human beings have rarely put time and energy on this fiery planet, because the cost of exploring space and the time and energy consumed by researchers are enormous, and the most important thing is that it is still difficult to achieve the expected expectations, mainly because it is impossible to explore Venus in detail at our current scientific and technological level, let alone land on Venus in a distant place, which is even more difficult, because there are so many difficulties to overcome.

So far, human beings have not been able to land on any big planet in the solar system for scientific exploration, but only through the means of artificial flight detectors and the remote command and control mode of electronic signal docking. In the solar system, Venus is indeed the closest planet to the earth, but Venus is a terrestrial planet, which is close to the sun and has a great thermal response to the temperature difference of solar thermal energy. Therefore, the average temperature on Venus can reach about 400 degrees Celsius. On the one hand, some parts of the artificial space flight probe can not withstand such a high temperature environment, and physical phenomena such as deformation, expansion or melting will occur, and the flight probe will disappear. On the other hand, Venus' high-temperature natural environment must be barren and has no scientific value that human beings expect to explore.

It can be seen that this is also the reason why humans do not choose space probes to land on Venus for scientific exploration.

Indeed, Venus is the closest planet to the earth and the brightest star in the sky, which is also sung in the song. It is the most mysterious existence among the eight planets. Why do humans go further and further to Mars?

Actually, it's not that humans despise it, it's really because this little brother is too difficult to deal with.

Venus is the second closest planet to the sun, but it is much hotter than Mercury, which ranks first. The surface temperature of the planet is as high as 400-600 degrees. It is still difficult for human detectors to withstand such temperatures.

Why is Mars so fanatical?

This has a lot to do with its atmosphere. Venus' atmosphere is 96% carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide absorbs heat and keeps warm, which is equivalent to covering Venus with a big electric blanket. Can the temperature be low?

Moreover, the wind at the cloud top of Venus is extremely strong, and the wind with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour brings heat to all parts of the world. Turned Venus into a big steamer.

Besides heat, there is poison.

The atmosphere of Venus contains toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide, and because the atmosphere of Mars is very thick, it often thunders and thunders, and sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen synthesize a terrible compound-sulfuric acid in these ionization reactions. So there will be acid rain on Venus, and it is highly acid rain with pure taste.

If the human probe lands on the surface, there will be no bones left after the acid rain.

Although the environment of Venus is extremely bad, human beings have not given up this little brother. The former Soviet Union once sent a probe to Venus and brought a rare photo of the surface of Venus, although it was not long. Later, the United States and Europe also sent probes to Venus.

Because Venus has a very thick atmosphere, it is useless to observe it from a distance or in orbit. You have to land on the ground to see Venus completely.

Venus is a planet about the size of the earth. Maybe the future of the earth is Venus, and maybe more and more people will transform Venus into a beautiful landscape of the earth in the future.

This is what Venus looked like billions of years ago.

In fact, Venus was the first person to explore outer space. The Soviet Union and the United States began to launch Venus probes in the 1960s. So far, more than 40 probes have been sent to or passed through Venus, and a large number of scientific data about Venus have been obtained. Just judging from these data, Venus in the eyes of China is too white, and Venus in Roman legend is actually a more terrible corot-7b than Medusa, and human beings have a subversive cognition of Venus.

Venus is the closest planet to the earth in the solar system, and its size and weight are similar to that of the earth. It's just that Venus's rotation direction is from east to west, which is just the opposite of the earth. People say that "unless the sun rises in the west" has been realized on Venus, and Venus is therefore called "the inverse of the sun". In addition, one day on Venus is equivalent to 243 days on Earth. Does this look like the paradise in China's myths and legends? Confirmed the statement that there is a day in the sky and a year in the ground?

The data shows that Venus is a place unsuitable for ordinary human life: therefore, it is not easy to detect Venus. To overcome the harsh high temperature environment on Venus, more effective heat insulation protection technology is needed, which is more difficult than landing on Mars. In addition, even if it lands safely on the surface of Venus, the probe can only last for a few hours. After all, it's not volcanic eruption or acid rain, but lightning and high temperature. This is a veritable purgatory world.

The most representative detectors on Venus are the "Venus" series detectors of the former Soviet Union and the "Magellan" detector of the United States. The former Soviet Union used special technology and materials to overcome the high temperature and high pressure of Venus, successfully achieved soft landing of Venus many times, and obtained valuable first-hand information on the surface of Venus. The United States is in orbit outside Venus' atmosphere. In addition, the "Express" probe launched by ESA and the "Dawn" probe launched by Japan also carried out orbital exploration of Venus. Among them, the "Express" detector is mainly used to detect Venus' atmosphere, and finally it is found that there are double vortices in Venus' Antarctic atmosphere, and at the same time it is also found that Venus has an ozone layer.

According to the data, the climate of Venus may be much milder than it is now. What caused Venus to evolve into purgatory? Understanding this evolution process is of great reference value for human beings to study global warming and "transform Mars".

Therefore, although human beings have invested a lot of energy to detect the possibility of life on Mars, Venus is still a target that cannot be ignored. At present, Russia is demonstrating the Venus D project, which was originally planned to be launched on 20 16, but the international cooperation is not smooth, and the progress has been pushed back. The current launch time has been postponed to 2024. It can be seen how difficult it is for human beings to explore Venus.

It is expected that in the future, human science can conduct more in-depth exploration and research on Venus, so that we can have a deeper understanding of the sister planet Earth.

As we all know, Venus is the planet closer to the Earth, and Mars is the second. So why do scientists want to land on Mars instead of Venus? In fact, at the beginning, at that time, the space technology of the United States and the Soviet Union was already very developed. The United States focused on the moon landing, and the Soviet Union landed on Venus, of course, not sending people up. But Soviet probes disappeared one by one. Finally, a Soviet probe landed on Venus and took the first picture of the surface of Venus, but before long, he was overwhelmed by great pressure.

So where does the pressure come from? This is because Venus has a very thick atmosphere, and its basic component is carbon dioxide. Sunlight can enter it, but it is difficult to dissipate heat. So the surface of Venus continues to heat up. At present, the average temperature on the surface of Venus is over 400 degrees Celsius, and the thick atmosphere also causes severe atmospheric pressure. I heard a story that a truck mechanic accidentally had a flat tire while repairing a truck, so he couldn't find a truck mechanic. Then I looked for him for a long time before I found him. The reason is that there is 10 to 20 atmospheric pressure in the tire, and the strong pressure directly blows people to the second floor. Please note that this is only 10 to 20 atmospheres, while the surface of Venus has nearly 100 atmospheres. Why can't such a big pressure crush a small detector?

On Mars, the atmospheric pressure is very small, and the magnanimity is only 1% of that of the earth. Even if the wind blows hard, you can't be blown down. Without water, there would be no magnetic field like Venus. Because there is no magnetic field, Mars is relatively small, and the solar wind can easily blow away air and water, so after a while, there will be no water and air on Mars.

Although the environment of Mars is not very good, it feels better than the harsh environment of Venus. Moreover, with the current technology, even Venus will be crushed to pieces by this huge pressure, and human beings can't resist this pressure now, so scientists are more willing to go to Mars to investigate than Venus.

Indeed, Venus is the closest planet to the Earth. Why do humans choose Mars, which is a little farther away, instead of Venus, which is closest to the earth, when exploring the planets in the solar system? There is a simple reason. Humans can't land on Venus yet.

Illustration: Earth, Venus and Mars.

Venus is the closest planet to the earth in the solar system. When Venus and the Earth are on the same side, the nearest distance is about 40.5 million kilometers. Venus has a mass of 80% and a volume of 88% of the Earth. Venus is very similar to the earth and is called the sister star of the earth. Judging from these factors, Venus is indeed the best target for human beings to explore planets of the solar system.

Scientists thought so at first. Because Venus has a thick atmosphere, it is very low-key to observe it even with a large astronomical telescope. A surface that we will never see on earth. Therefore, until the 1950s, scientists still believed that there was life on Venus, including forests and oceans. The Venus probe developed by scientists is even ready to land on water.

Illustration: Venus's dense atmosphere

In the 1960s and 1970s, the Soviet Union carried out many missions to explore Venus, but most of them ended in failure. Every failure makes us know more about the cruel environment of Venus. 1982 Venus probe 13 finally landed on Venus. Venus probe 13 stuck on Venus 127 minutes later disintegrated.

Illustration: Venus probe 13 is on the surface of Venus.

Why did Venus probe 13 stay on Venus for such a short time? All the Mars probes we know have been working on Mars for several years! It turns out that the environment on Venus is very cruel. According to the data of Venus probe 13, the temperature on Venus is as high as 465, and the atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus is about 90 times that of the earth. It turns out that Venus is a high-temperature pressure cooker. In such a cruel planetary environment, fully armed robot detectors will not last long, let alone our astronauts.

Illustration: The surface of Venus

Although the surface of Mars is very cold and the air pressure is very low, these problems are much easier to solve than the high temperature and high pressure of Venus. After all, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and many doors are on the surface of the moon in a vacuum environment. The environment on Mars is much milder than this.

Therefore, in the face of the cruel planet environment of Venus, mankind finally chose to give up landing.

Although Venus is the same terrestrial planet as radius of the earth, it may be a planet that humans never want to land on. First of all, the surface temperature of Venus is about 465-485 degrees Celsius, which is the highest temperature planet in the solar system, and the high temperature part of Venus is distributed day and night, which means that Venus is the world, and it is so hot at any time.

Venus atmosphere

Secondly, because Venus's atmosphere is very dense, in which carbon dioxide accounts for about 96%, the atmospheric pressure near the ground is 90 times that of the earth, and there are clouds of sulfuric acid in Venus's atmosphere. Thirdly, the strong wind on the surface of Venus is also one of the difficulties in landing. Its wind speed is as high as 350 kilometers per hour, which is about 97 meters per second. Wind force exceeds 17.

Venus surface

The former Soviet Union has launched eight unmanned probes to explore Venus, and the longest one only lasted 1 10 minutes.

The surface temperature of Venus is very high, and there is no liquid water. Due to cruel natural conditions such as extremely high atmospheric pressure and severe hypoxia, human beings cannot survive.

Venus used to be the most explored planet in the solar system because it was very close to the earth. However, due to the harsh environment, it is difficult for the on-orbit probe to penetrate the dense atmosphere, and the landing probe will be scrapped soon, so it is impossible to obtain enough information.

Venus always looks smooth on the surface of Huang Chengcheng, because Venus has a very thick atmosphere, which is mainly composed of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. The atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus is estimated to be 93 times that on the surface of the Earth. Such a dense atmosphere has a good heat insulation effect, which makes the temperature of Venus out of control, reaching more than 400 degrees. Coupled with the influence of sulfuric acid, it is difficult for the detector to detect the surface of Venus through its atmosphere. The former Soviet Union and the United States have also launched some landing probes. Although they have landed successfully, due to the harsh environment of Venus,

Venus has high temperature, dense atmosphere and high pressure. People can't breathe in that stressful environment. Although you can breathe through the spacesuit, the pressure is greater and the requirements for the spacesuit are higher. Venus is very hot, and the atmosphere itself moves violently, so a little uneven heating will cause a very violent storm. That kind of storm is far less aggressive than the Martian sandstorm, but it is not powerful. Venus's storm frequency and intensity far exceed that of the earth. It often rains on Venus. It is not water that rains, but concentrated sulfuric acid. There is not much equipment made by human beings that can be resisted.

Venus is more difficult to land than Mars, and the wind in the clouds is very strong. When the probe lands with a parachute, it will definitely shake badly and be difficult to control. With current technology, it is too difficult and risky to send a person to Venus. Let's take a step back.