Other aspects of Wanjiang culture

Anqing is located on the bank of the river, with an administrative area of one city, seven counties and four districts, with a total area of10.54 million square kilometers and a population of 6 1 10,000. It is an underdeveloped cultural ancient city in Central China. More than 2,000 years ago, it was the seat of ancient Anhui, which was called Anhui for short. Anqing is a famous historical and cultural city in China, an excellent tourist city in China and a garden city in China. With outstanding people and rich humanities, it is known as the "hometown of culture", "hometown of drama" and "holy land of Zen". Ancient Anhui culture, Zen culture, opera culture and Tongcheng school culture complement each other, forming a strong local culture-Wanjiang culture centered on Anqing. There are many famous people in Anqing, including Li, the "first painter" in the Song Dynasty, Fang Yizhi, an outstanding thinker, scientist and writer in the Ming Dynasty, Deng, a calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, Zhang, the prime minister of father and son in the Qing Dynasty, Yao Nai, Liu Dakui,, Cheng Changgeng, the originator of Peking Opera, and Wu Rulun, a modern educator. The banner of the New Culture Movement, the commander-in-chief of the May 4th Movement, Chen Duxiu, the early leader of China * * * Production Party, Deng Jiaxian, the founder of "Two Bombs", Ci Yungui, the father of computers in China, Huang Zhen, the leader of Buddhism, Chen Yingning, the Taoist leader, Yan Fengying, the Huangmei Opera performer, the aesthetician Zhu Guangqian, Zhang Henshui and other historical and cultural celebrities, artists and scientific and technological elites were all born in this mountainous land. Born and raised in Sri Lanka.

The Neolithic cultural sites, such as Xuejiagang and Zhangsidun, have witnessed the ancestors of Anqing thriving in this beautiful and rich land since ancient times. Anqing City was founded in the tenth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (12 17), and has a history of nearly 800 years.

During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Chen Duxiu gave lectures in Anqing Library and founded Anhui Popular Newspaper, which was the first attempt to raise the banner of "new culture". 1907, 1908, Xu Xilin's School Patrol Uprising and Xiongmabaoying Uprising took place in Anqing, and the first shots of the Xinhai Revolution and the New Army Uprising were fired one after another.

At the same time, Anqing is also the birthplace of enlightening China's modern industrial civilization. In modern history, Anqing was the capital of Anhui in 282, and it was one of the cities that accepted modern civilization earlier. 186 1 year, Zeng Guofan, Governor of Liangjiang, established "Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute", which was the first modern military enterprise in China. It became the starting point of China's Westernization Movement. Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute concentrated the first batch of first-class scientists in China, trial-produced the first steam engine and the first ship in China, made natural science directly serve China's production for the first time, sent personnel abroad to buy western machines in bulk for the first time, and used lifeless power made by China people in China for the first time, which was the starting point of China's modern industry and the first step of China's modernization. Since then, the first power plant, the first waterworks, the first telegraph office, the first telephone, the first government-run highway, the first airport, the first library, the first university and the first newspaper in Anhui Province have all been born in Anqing.

Wanjiang culture is a unique regional culture centered on Anqing, an organic part of Chinese culture with a long history and profound knowledge, an important carrier and concrete embodiment of the development of cultural diversity, and an important source for the construction of advanced culture in China. In today's world, culture, economy and politics blend with each other and become more and more prominent in the competition of comprehensive national strength. The power of history and culture is deeply branded in the vitality, creativity and cohesion of the nation. In a sense, regional history and culture is a "double-edged sword", and its function is two-way. For example, the traditional culture precipitated from history and culture, on the one hand, greatly enriched the unique regional characteristics and provided a good carrier and motivation for economic and social development; On the other hand, history and culture have gradually formed a very stubborn mindset in the subtle influence passed down from generation to generation, which has imprisoned people's thoughts to some extent. Therefore, the negative effects of regional culture have a great influence on a region. In particular, some deep-rooted negative cultures have profoundly changed the historical outlook of this region. So when we advocate regional culture today, it should be the advanced cultural part of this regional culture.

Wanjiang culture, Huizhou culture and Huaihe culture are also called the three regional cultural circles in Anhui Province. Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan and Hubei are all major humanities provinces in the Chinese nation, and the regional culture of Anhui Province has its own characteristics. Generally speaking, geo-culture is based on the trend of mountains and rivers, and top outstanding people become attached. After thousands of years' history, the landscapes and characters of Anhui River, Anhui Mountain, Anhui Water and Anhui people have given birth to a regional culture-Wanjiang culture, which is outstanding, but not collective. Every culture has its soul and characteristics. I think the soul and character of Wanjiang culture are embodied in Tongcheng school culture.

The Qing dynasty lasted for more than 200 years, rising in the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty and declining in the early years of the Republic of China. More than 1200 writers have gathered, which basically runs through the whole literary world of Qing Dynasty. It is the largest school of prose in the history of China literature. Tongcheng, a land with long-dormant mountains and rivers, is really a magical and beautiful land, and every inch of hot land here is full of humanistic feelings.

Tongcheng School should be founded by Fang Yizhi and Qian Chengzhi in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and Dai Mingshi before Fang Bao, Liu Dakui and Yao Nai was also one of the founders of Tongcheng School. These masters all have their own literary theory system and literary achievements, and through the inheritance and efforts of outstanding descendants, they have risen to the glory of a generation of literary schools. For example, the theory of "righteousness and law" advocated is the core idea of his literary theory, and his masterpiece Zuo Anecdote is the practice of his literary theory. He was writing about Shi Kefa, dressed as a cleaner, and ventured into prison to visit Zuo Guangdou. See him say: "Sitting on the ground against the wall, the denomination is hard to distinguish, and all the bones and muscles below the left knee are off. Prehistoric kneeling posture, tuck and swallow. The public recognized his voice, but he couldn't open his eyes. Instead, he raised his arm and pointed to the corner of his eye. Said angrily, "you slave! Where is this place? Before you came. The matter of the country, erosion at this point. I am getting old! If you commit suicide and don't understand righteousness, who can support you in the world? If you don't leave soon, I'll kill you now! Because touchdown punishes machinery as a strike potential. Xu Shi didn't dare to make a sound and rushed out. Later, I often told people with tears:' My teacher's lungs and liver are made of stone. Fang Bao's description of Zuo Guangdou and Shi Kefa's appearance, movements and language dialogue made Zuo Guangdou's spirit and state affairs stand out in prison.

In all Tongcheng writers' articles, we can feel the spirit of Taoism and the rational light of Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism. This is particularly prominent in Zeng Guofan, a famous Tongcheng school. Zeng Guofan is the leader of Tongcheng School after Yao Nai and Mei Zengliang. He is different from the previous ancient Tongcheng writers. He was a talented politician and strategist, who suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, saved the day and delayed the demise of the Qing Dynasty. Because of his extensive knowledge, great courage and outstanding knowledge, he particularly emphasized "practical application" in addition to Yao Nai's "theory, textual research and articles". As history enters a new era, Zhang Yuzhao, Wu Rulun, Li Shuchang and Xue Fucheng, the four disciples of Zeng Guofan School, are all famous for their contributions and articles.

After Zeng Guofan's transformation, Tongcheng School's style of writing changed greatly, and the weather stood up. Later, when the historical development required the use of vernacular Chinese instead of classical Chinese, asked Tongcheng School to adhere to Zhu Cheng orthodoxy, adhered to Tongcheng School's family law, and asked Tongcheng School to withdraw from the historical stage, there were still Yan Fu, Lin Shu, Wang Shuyi, He Tao, Ma Qiyang, Yao Yongpu, Yao Yongqi, Wu Kaisheng and others who stubbornly adhered to Tongcheng School's style of writing and orthodox spirit. It was not until the early years of the Republic of China that Tongcheng School quietly disappeared from people's field of vision.

The emergence and rise of Tongcheng School, a popular and famous prose school, made the prose achievements in Qing Dynasty surpass those in Yuan and Ming Dynasties and rival those in Tang and Song Dynasties. At the same time, it also laid the soul and character for a broader regional culture, injected the rational brilliance of literature and Taoism, and the spirit of orthodoxy handed down from generation to generation for 5 thousand years. This is the mainstream culture of Wanjiang culture, which has been full of vitality in history and reality and fully implemented the essence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

Zhu Shu (1654- 17070), the pioneer of Wanjiang culture, was born in the buried hill and lived in Susong, but he was also a famous scholar of Tongcheng School. He wrote in the Declaration on Advocating Wanjiang Culture: "Anqing is also a country of ancient Anhui. Its Yue Yue Wanshan, its blasphemy refers to the great river, its Sichuan refers to the search for potential, its immersion refers to the thunder pool, and its town refers to the dragon. The exquisite clock, supported but delayed, is the Olympic area of the gods and the source of words. " There should be no doubt that Wanjiang culture is a regional culture centered on Anqing area. We can draw the following conclusions: First, Anqing, as the capital of 282 years, played an important role in modern history. Secondly, Fang Yizhi and Chen Duxiu (especially Chen's thoughts in his later years, which are discussed in another article), as the two ideological and cultural peaks of Wanjiang culture, cannot be ignored. These two peak figures are both from Anqing.

Therefore, the ancient Anhui culture of Anqing aborigines (mainly Zen culture, because the second ancestral Dojo of Zen is common in Yuexi, and the third ancestral temple is in the buried hill of Tianzhu Mountain), Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism from Jiangxi and Huizhou immigrants are the two major sources of Wanjiang culture. Tongcheng school culture is its soul and character. As for the drama culture constructed in it, we can only assume that Huiban's entry into Beijing is the source of Peking Opera. For the Huangmei Opera culture, which is widely known at present and infinitely magnified by the politicians, I very much agree with the classic view of scholar Wang Jun: "Anqing people sing Huangmei Opera to decline!" The cultural character of this grass-roots culture has been branded as commonplace and vulgar since its birth, which has had a great influence on the formation of Anqing people's character. Huangmei opera originated from the folk, but evolved from begging and begging, which is very feminine.

Anqing is the best in the world, "the throat of the Yangtze River is the first continent in Wu Chu and Xinjiang", and it is also a strategic place to "lock the key of north and south, connect east and west" and "control Wu Chu and protect Jianghuai". Anqing, originally located in the north of the Yangtze River, is endowed with unique masculinity. It is also the provincial capital for more than 280 years, leading the world. Many important events in China's modern history took place here, and the footprints of heroes such as Xu Xilin and Xiong were branded here, such as Zhou, Huang Jiafu,,,,, and Wang Buwen.

This feminine Huangmei minor, in modern times, has gradually declined, with a decreasing audience and dying, but it has been artificially amplified, consuming money and energy. The position of Huangmei Opera in Anqing has been promoted to the peak, completely covering and drowning the original heroism. Huangmei Opera can't be compared with Tongcheng School culture originated from feudal literati class, and its cultural character can't be mentioned in the same breath. Jung believes that all cultures will precipitate into personality. Over the years, Huangmei opera culture has been precipitated into the character and character of Anqing people. Of course, the popularity of actors and the dramatic transformation of actor culture to high-end culture and cutting-edge advanced culture are the reflections of senior social managers and social mentality. When a clown like Xiao Shenyang becomes popular in China, we can know how far the social mentality has fallen! From a deeper perspective, the character of Anqing people, which is deeply influenced by Huangmei Opera culture, has formed the cultural character of Huangmei Opera, and even is one of the many sources that affect the rise of Anqing. (When mentioned in another article).

The core of China's traditional cultural structure is Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. There were two schools of Confucianism and Taoism in the pre-Qin period, and Buddhism was introduced in the Han dynasty, which led to the three schools' self-reliance, mutual transformation and inheritance from generation to generation. Due to geographical and historical reasons, the core of regional cultural structure is usually the preconceived school. For example, the core of Huizhou cultural structure is Confucianism based on Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism. The core of Huaihe cultural structure is the prevalence of Taoism. Throughout the various regional cultures in space, Wanjiang culture is unique. The core of Wanjiang cultural structure is to pay equal attention to Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. As far as more than 500 temples in Anqing area are concerned, Buddhist temples live next to each other. On both sides of the Wanjiang River, there are both Jiuhua Mountain, a Buddhist holy place, and Yun Qi Mountain, a Taoist holy place. For thousands of years, incense has flourished and disciples are like clouds. Confucian scholars in Wanjiang not only worshipped Confucius and Mencius, but also respected Buddhism and Taoism. We not only attach importance to "joining the WTO" and "managing the world", but also respect Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's dream of carefree travel. There are both Buddhist leader Zhao Puchu and Taoist leader Chen Yingning. Hui Ke Zen master's second ancestral Dojo is common in Yuexi, and the third ancestral temple stands on a buried hill in Tianzhu Mountain. In the meantime, the "Zuo Ci alchemy place" and the "White Crane Palace" are shrouded in mist and lingering fragrance. Between green mountains and green waters, meditation and enlightenment, chanting scriptures and worshipping Buddha are just right, which proves the inclusive characteristics of Wanjiang culture.

If Huizhou culture is compared to mountain culture and Huaihe culture to water culture, then Wanjiang culture should be landscape culture. As the ancients said, handsome men are born by mountains, while beautiful women are born by water. Anqing is famous for its water, with many rivers and lakes, including Yangtze River, Anhui, Changhe River, Huayang River, Wuchang Lake, Huang Hu Lake, Bohu Lake, Caoqing Lake, Lotus Lake, Jiguan Lake, Longgan Lake, Daguan Lake, Pogang Lake, Shitang Lake, Linghu Lake, Qintan Lake, Baitu Lake and Caizi Lake. There are also famous mountains, such as Tianzhu Mountain, Fushan Mountain, Sikong Mountain Mountain, Tangmingshan Mountain, Longmian Mountain, Xiangmingshan Mountain, Bifengshan Mountain, Miaodao Mountain, Baihe Mountain, Yueshan Mountain, Shijingshan Mountain, Guanyin Mountain, Watermelon Mountain, Phoenix Mountain, Lion Mountain, Dalongshan Mountain, Xiaolongshan Mountain and Xiaogushan Mountain, which are unique islands in the Yangtze River. They are tall, straight, beautiful and undulating.

I have lived and worked in Anqing area for nearly forty years and traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers here. I have also been to the Himalayas, experienced Tanggula, and visited Huangshan and Mount Tai, but one day in Xiaolongshan gully, I looked at a colorful rainbow, crossed the historical time and space, and felt the artistic conception of harmony between man and nature. Although this little Longshan is not like the vast Kunlun Mountain, it is like a hidden dragon holding its breath. This made me realize that after 5,000 years, no matter how deep the disaster is and how terrible the desperate situation is, the Chinese nation can turn the corner and turn it into safety, because there is a most important historical phenomenon, that is, the waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves before, "talents go abroad for 300 years." Just like this area in John Wan, Xiaolongshan has been a place where dragons hide and tigers live since ancient times. Once the situation meets, there will be hidden dragons coming out of the deep and leaping into the sky, affecting the global weather. Just like this Wanjiang culture, the history as a regional culture is far from over, and the peak figures and high-end figures will definitely flash. Things are different, rivers and mountains are predestined friends, talents come forth in large numbers, and elites come forth in large numbers, which is in the ascendant.

In practical sense, Wanjiang area refers to the area of about 60 thousand square kilometers on both sides of Wanjiang River. Due to the early development of Wanjiang area in modern times, the inheritance, exchange and radiation of Wanjiang culture have been expanded, and another unique cultural character of Wanjiang culture has been formed, that is, it is particularly open and inclusive. Historically, it blended with Qilu culture, Jingchu culture, Chu-Han culture and Wu-Yue culture, learning from each other and promoting each other. Therefore, it is different from Huaihe culture and Huizhou culture, and it is a regional culture with strong endogenous power, vitality, passion and continuous development. For example, the Buddhist culture of Jiuhuashan, the commercial culture of Wuhu, the industrial culture of Ma 'anshan and Tongling all merged with the Wanjiang culture in natural formation. In recent years, the formation and development of Wanjiang urban agglomeration and Wanjiang industrial belt have brought new opportunities for the progress and development of Wanjiang culture. Due to the development of Wanjiang region and Wanjiang basin, the connotation and extension of Wanjiang culture have been infinitely expanded, and it has developed and grown in the blend with various cultures in Greater China, making full use of its strengths and avoiding its weaknesses, abandoning the old and innovating, and renewing and innovating. Therefore, Wanjiang culture is a culture that pursues harmony.

"Zuo Zhuan * Xiang" says: "The combination of nine kings in eight years is the sum of happiness and peace." In the long history of thousands of years, the people of China have tirelessly pursued political harmony, social harmony and cultural harmony. The realistic harmonious society we are pursuing should be an affluent society, a fair society, an orderly society and a vibrant society.

Anqing once had a glorious history of creating many firsts because of the immersion of modern economy and its geographical advantages close to the Yangtze River Delta for more than a hundred years. Today, Anqing's reform and development is in a critical period. Reform involves economic, political, cultural and other fields in breadth and touches people's specific economic interests in depth. Any major reform activities may bring positive and negative social cluster effects. After entering the "contradiction prominent period", various economic and social contradictions have intensified and the social gap has widened. The security and harmony of society and the coordinated development of economy and society have become the key issues in building a harmonious society. In the concept of time in the long history, the development time of a region is only three days: yesterday, today and tomorrow. The glorious history of Anqing yesterday has been turned over. It is important to grasp today, for the sake of Anqing's tomorrow, that is, to build a harmonious society and accelerate the rise of Anqing. To become a regional central city, Anqing must contribute to the development of the whole province, have a place in regional development, and have a bright spot in the development of Wanjiang River Basin. Faced with the threat of the rise of regional heroes, Anqing will retreat if it does not advance. Looking east and west, under the situation of competing development in various places, Anqing will be widened if it does not dare to compete for the first place, will be eliminated if it does not actively integrate, and will be marginalized if it does not "integrate". Accelerating the rise is the only choice for Anqing.

The Wanjiang culture that we study and advocate today should be a brand-new, innovative, reformed and independent regional culture. In the process of building a harmonious society and accelerating the rise of Anqing, the role of regional culture plays an irreplaceable supporting role. Regional culture is the spiritual power and intellectual support for the rise and development of this region. This point can be clearly exemplified from the development of Tongcheng School's cultural hometown.

Tongcheng is the first county-level city in Anqing approved by the State Council. As early as 1970s, there were 654.38+10,000 selling troops in towns and villages along the 206 National Road in Tongcheng and Huaining, which were active in the vast areas from northeast to Yunnan and Guizhou. They first accepted the baptism of commodity economy and changed from pure farmers to businessmen and craftsmen. After 30 years of hard work, this 654.38 million+sales team has become the backbone of Antong Industrial Belt, and a large number of private entrepreneurs such as Xia, Wang Shanxiang, Zhu and Wu have emerged.

Antong industrial belt refers to the industrial cluster belt formed from Anqing City to Tongcheng City along National Highway 206. The leading industry is printing and packaging, which is the third largest packaging and printing base in China after Guangdong Anpu and Zhejiang Longgang. Other industries include down industry, brush industry, plate industry and so on. And most of them are local private enterprises, and the forms of enterprises range from family workshops to group companies. The industrial corridor formed by the existing 1800 factories and enterprises is full of vitality. Its geographical scope includes Dalongshan Town in Anqing City, Yueshan Town, Chaling Town, Gaohe Town, Gong Jin Town and Mamiao Town in Huaining County, Xindu Town, Shuang Gang Town, Laomei Town, Fangang Town, Chengguan Town and Lvting Town in Tongcheng City, etc. It is no exaggeration to say that the packaging and printing base that Antong Industrial Belt has formed is the only place in Anqing that can be called an industrial cluster.

In the middle and late 1990s, the political leaders of Anqing at that time also noticed the unusual economic vitality of this place, and once put forward the slogan of building a "hundred-mile industrial corridor". 2 1 century, a group of economists and journalists who paid attention to "Wenzhou phenomenon" once compared it to early Wenzhou, and suggested that relevant departments pay attention to it. In recent years, a group of experts and scholars from Anqing Wanjiang Cultural Research Association have also visited here many times to inspect economic phenomena. Economic theories and cultural concepts such as "Antong industrial belt" and "Anqing commercial gang" have been put forward one after another, and a number of weighty articles have been compiled and published in relevant media. Facts have proved that the economic phenomenon in a region is closely related to the cultural phenomenon in this region.

At present, in the process of building an ideal and harmonious society, there are still shocking problems such as moral anomie, lack of integrity, counterfeiting, fraud, extravagance and waste, corruption and bribery. One of the keys to solve the problem is to strengthen the ideological and moral construction of the whole society. Many excellent historical traditions in Wanjiang culture play an irreplaceable role in strengthening ideological and moral construction. For example, Anqing people's humanistic customs such as "poor don't lose books, rich don't lose pigs" and "poor don't lose ambition, rich don't go crazy".

A typical example is the well-known story of "Liuchi Lane" in Tongcheng. According to Yao Yongpu's "Essays on Old News" and "A Brief History of Tongcheng County", "Old Prime Minister Zhang Wenduan Gong (a university student in Kangxi Cultural Center in Qing Dynasty) has an open space next to his home, which is adjacent to the Wu family. The more he uses it, the more his family uses it, and he sends it back after approving the poem. As the saying goes,' a piece of paper is only a wall, why not let it be three feet? The Great Wall of Wan Li is still there today, but there is no Qin Shihuang. "When the family got the book, they gave up three feet. Wu felt his intention and gave up three feet, so Liuchi Lane became famous. " 1958 Mao Zedong quoted this poem when he met with the Soviet ambassador to China Eugene. This poem is also of great enlightening significance to us in building a harmonious, honest, friendly, fair and just interpersonal environment.

Although Anqing is only a part compared with Anhui and the whole country, it is an essential part of the overall strategy of building a harmonious Anqing and accelerating its rise. Anqing is strong, so Anhui is strong. Anhui is strong, and China is strong. China is strong, and the world is strong. The ancients said: those who do not seek the overall situation do not seek a domain, and those who do not seek the world do not seek a moment. Anqing is known as "the throat of the Yangtze River, and Wu Chu is the first continent in Xinjiang", and it is located at the strategic crossroads of "locking the north-south key, connecting east and west" and "controlling Wu Chu and protecting Jianghuai". Especially after nearly 20 years' construction, the expressway trunk lines such as Shanghai-Chengdu, Jiguang, Anhe and Huang Hetao, three national highways such as 105, 206, 3 18 and Hejiu Railway meet in the city. With the successive completion of Tongling, Wuhu, Anqing Highway Yangtze River Bridge, Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge and Anqing Railway Yangtze River Bridge, the north and south of Anhui are being integrated.

Anqing Port, the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, is known as the "Millennium Ferry Centennial Port". The dock can dock 10,000-ton ships, and it is one of the top ten ports in the Yangtze River trunk line, ranking fifth in water transport capacity. Anqing Tianzhu Mountain Civil Aviation Airport, a 4C-class flight zone, can take off and land aircraft below Boeing 737, and has been opened to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Wenzhou and other routes. Anqing's three-dimensional transportation network, which integrates highway, railway, water transport, aviation and pipeline transportation, has been formed, integrating the economy and society of Wanjiang area with the Yangtze River Delta. Some scholars predict that Wanjiang Economic Belt will form Han Ning Economic Corridor together with Wuhan Economic Circle and Changjiu Industrial Corridor, and become the fourth pole of China's economy alongside Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim. Fang Yizhi's scientific spirit and Chen Duxiu's pursuit of democracy handed down from generation to generation in John Wan will become the new image of John Wan in the 2 1 century.

Tradition and modernity meet, and original ecology and high technology blend. As the birthplace of Wanjiang culture, Anqing should and will make a unique contribution to the construction of a harmonious society in China. After decades of struggle, with the approval of the State Council, Anqing now has three city business cards: a national historical and cultural city, an excellent tourist city in China and a garden city in China. Anqing is already the core city of Wanjiang urban agglomeration and Wanjiang industrial agglomeration belt.

A territory can be occupied, a region can be conquered, and only regional culture can be passed down from generation to generation and last forever. Only the death of culture is the ultimate death, no matter ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign. We can firmly believe that Anqing, a land that has experienced many glories and hardships, and a people with profound cultural heritage and vicissitudes of history, should and will be able to overcome all difficulties, walk in the forefront of the great cause of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and become an outstanding creator of spiritual wealth and material wealth.