The division of Sichuan and Guizhou has changed. Why are the six counties in Sichuan Province classified as Guizhou Province?

First, let's talk about the basic situation of Guizhou Province. Guizhou province belongs to the southwest of China. For a long time, the economic development of all parts of Guizhou has been limited because of the complicated terrain structure and inconvenient transportation. In recent years, the traffic in Guizhou Province has been greatly improved. With the improvement of railway and highway networks, the economic development of Guizhou Province is very rapid. Especially Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province, has a beautiful urban construction and has the embryonic form of becoming a metropolis.

according to the statistics of the seventh census in 22, the total population of Guizhou province is more than 38 million. In the southwestern provinces, such a population base is not small. In 221, the total GDP of Guizhou Province reached 1.95 trillion. At present, Guizhou Province has six prefecture-level cities and three autonomous prefectures, with a total of nine prefecture-level divisions, namely, Guiyang, Liupanshui, Zunyi, Anshun, tongren city, Bijie, Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture, Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture and Southeast Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture.

In fact, such a zoning outline of Guizhou Province was basically formed during the reign of yongzheng emperor in Qing Dynasty. During the reign of yongzheng emperor, there was a large-scale division adjustment in southwest provinces. Among them, six counties in Sichuan Province were included in the management of Guizhou Province. It must be said that the inclusion of these six counties has greatly strengthened the overall strength of Guizhou Province, especially the grain output.

in the ancient history of China, the problem of chieftain in southwest China has puzzled all dynasties. Toast is similar to tribal leaders, and the situation in southwest China is very complicated. All kinds of tribes and castles live together, and various kinds of toasts, large and small, have appeared. Tusi is loyal to the court and pays money and food regularly. If the court needs it, the toast can even send troops to help. However, the toast strictly forbids court officials to enter their own territory. On their own territory, the toast is like a "local emperor."

the imperial court is well aware of the complicated situation in southwest China. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty, the main energy of the Central Plains dynasties in the past dynasties was in the north, resisting the nomadic cavalry from going south on a large scale. Therefore, for the chieftains in southwest China, the strategy of rewarding, appeasing and balancing each other is the main one. Therefore, a series of appeasement departments, appeasement departments and so on have been established. In fact, all dynasties tried to further weaken the power of the southwest toast, but it was beyond their reach. If the imperial court touches its own interests, some unruly chieftains will even launch a joint rebellion.

For example, during the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court planned to weaken the strength of the various chieftains of Sichuan Bozhou Division. These chieftains launched a massive rebellion in Bozhou, and the Ming Dynasty mobilized more than 2, troops one after another before basically putting down the rebellion. After the Bozhou Rebellion was put down, the court revoked the Bozhou Division and split it into Zunyi House and Pingyue House. Among them, Zunyi Prefecture continued to belong to Sichuan Province, while Pingyue Prefecture was included in the management of Guizhou Province. Compared with contemporary Guizhou Province, Guizhou Province during the Ming Dynasty was obviously smaller.

you can compare the divisions of Guizhou province in Ming and Qing dynasties, and the divisions of Guizhou province are obviously much smaller. During the Ming Dynasty, the northern and southern parts of Guizhou Province were very different from the contemporary ones. In the mid-17th century, the Qing Dynasty gradually wiped out the peasant rebels and various regimes in Nanming, and established its own rule. On the basis of the provinces in the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty further improved and adjusted them. In southwest China, the Qing dynasty basically followed the pattern of the Ming dynasty and did not change.

As for the Tusi tribes in southwest China, the Qing Dynasty still mainly used appeasement. Because in the early period of the Qing dynasty, it faced a series of challenges, such as the San Francisco rebellion and the northwestern Junggar department. During the rebellion in Wu Sangui, some southwest chieftains sent troops to help Wu Sangui. During the 61 years of Emperor Kangxi's reign, he was mainly busy pacifying external threats from all over the country. In 1722, Emperor Kangxi died at the age of 69, and yongzheng emperor came to power at the age of 45. Unlike Emperor Kangxi, yongzheng emperor focused on internal affairs.

among them, it includes the problem of the separatist regime of the southwest toast. It was at this stage that the rising star E Ertai rose rapidly. E Ertai belongs to one of yongzheng emperor's three confidants. After E Ertai inspected the actual situation in southwest China, he successively played "To respect Chen Dongchuan" and "To improve the soil and return to the stream". It is believed that "the southwest toast, although it loses grain as usual, actually occupies more than ten times of private enjoyment ... self-proclaimed, acting as a frontier hazard."

yongzheng emperor was very appreciative of E Ertai's suggestion and appointed E Ertai as the governor of Yunnan and the governor of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. It must be said that the governors of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces belong to the office specially granted by yongzheng emperor, and E Ertai began to be fully responsible for the overall affairs of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. In the process of implementing the policy of changing the soil into the stream, E Ertai thought that "the way to change the stream is to capture the enemy first and suppress the enemy second." For those who are willing to accept the toast, E Ertai gave praise.

For example, they gave titles and money, and kept the manor and cultivated land of the toast. Toast's children can even go to other places to be officials. For those wild at heart toast, E Ertai will assemble the Eight Banners, green camp and other loyalists to encircle them. According to the record, "it took more than six years to control the three provinces in the southwest, but it was quite clear that they changed their ways, and the seedlings were naturalized, and there was occasional rebellion, which was immediately settled." E Ertai's achievements in the southwest were highly recognized by yongzheng emperor, who praised E Ertai in his memorial: "It is the extreme, the extreme, and the extreme. This is my original intention, and countless people have warned the governors nearby."

The situation in the border area between Guizhou and Sichuan is complicated, with various chieftain tribes living together. As Zunyi Prefecture was under the administration of Sichuan Province, E Ertai faced the problem that it was not under its own jurisdiction in the process of transforming the land into the stream. At that time, Yue Zhongqi, governor of Sichuan, was in charge of all parts of Sichuan. At the same time, among the southwest provinces, Guizhou Province has a small jurisdiction area, and its population and grain cultivated land output are very limited. E Ertai believes that it is necessary to further strengthen the overall strength of Guizhou Province and balance the development of all parts of southwest China.

According to Records of Sejong, it is recorded that in the fifth year of Yongzheng, the officers and men of Zunyi, Tongzi, Suiyang and Renhuai, Zheng 'an and Zunyi Association in Sichuan were all under the jurisdiction of Guizhou and invited from E Ertai, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou. In addition, Wusa Prefecture in Sichuan Province, E Ertai requested that Zunyi Prefecture and Wusa Prefecture in Sichuan Province, a total of six counties, be included in the management of Guizhou Province. In the face of E Ertai's performance, local officials in Sichuan strongly opposed it because Sichuan suffered too much. Helpless, E Ertai belongs to confidant etiquette.

Friends who read the author's article yesterday have already realized yongzheng emperor's high regard for E Ertai. Yongzheng emperor agreed to E Ertai's request, and all the six counties of Wusa Prefecture and Zunyi Prefecture in Sichuan Province were included in the management of Guizhou Province. Of course, in order to build Zunyi House, E Ertai made great efforts. First of all, take measures such as appealing to exile and encouraging reclamation to restore social production. Relying on the good natural conditions and stable social environment in Zunyi and other places, the economy has developed rapidly.

during the reign of emperor Qianlong, the grain output of Zunyi prefecture was greatly improved, and the field area increased by nearly 35, mu compared with the reign of emperor Kangxi. So far, Zunyi prefecture gained the reputation of "granary in northern Guizhou". In all kinds of historical documents in Guizhou Province, Zunyi's entry into Guizhou is highly appraised. According to the Records of Zunyi Prefecture, "I was in Yongzheng for five years, and I was cut into the northern vassal of Guizhou. At the beginning, I was strong, with a vast territory of 2, miles, and the land tax was half of Guizhou." "Guizhou Tongzhi" records: "Today's people cut into the border of Guizhou, but the situation of northern vassals began to be strong. Its territory borders Guiyang in the south, Sinan in the east, Dading in the west and Chongqing in the north."

At present, Zunyi has gradually developed into the second largest city in Guizhou Province, second only to Guiyang, the provincial capital. After the experience of southwest China, yongzheng emperor has more confidence in E Ertai. Subsequently, E Ertai was transferred to the northwest, with full authority to handle the affairs of the northwest. In the tenth year of Yongzheng, E Ertai was transferred back to Beijing and began to serve as minister of military aircraft. Even in the early period of Emperor Qianlong's reign, E Ertai was still one of the trusted ministers.

Tian Wenjing, Li Wei and E Ertai were the three confidants of yongzheng emperor's reign, and there appeared the saying "Tian Wenjing in the Central Plains, Li Wei in the South of the Yangtze River and E Ertai in the Southwest". After Emperor Qianlong came to power, he commented on the three men: "E Ertai, Tian Wenjing and Li Wei are the most praised by the Imperial Examination Institute. In fact, Tian Wenjing is not as good as Li Wei and Li Wei is not as good as E Ertai." Thus, Emperor Qianlong spoke highly of E Ertai.

There are many stories about the adjustment of regional divisions in China. In future articles, the author will talk with you slowly.