Why in the thousand-year history of the feudal dynasty, the cycle of 300-year extinction could not escape?

Since the Qin Dynasty, there have been only two names: "Han" and "Song" for more than 300 years. But "Han" was cut across the board by Wang Mang, and East and West Han are two different things. Only 3 19 in the song dynasty is a whole. Although the alternation of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty was somewhat chaotic and the Southern Song Dynasty was somewhat peaceful, it was handed down from generation to generation without interruption. However, the submission of the Song Dynasty to the Jin and Liao Dynasties was not a unified dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty has a history of 289 years, nearly 300 years, which happened to be a small warm period. Coupled with the great discovery of land geography like the Han Dynasty, a large number of exotic crops were introduced to promote agricultural development and population growth. Its later decline is largely the sequela caused by the above dividends. First, climate change, and second, the pressure of immigration, coupled with the extravagant wind developed by previous good luck, completely collapsed.

Before the Song Dynasty, the emperor sat in the middle, and civil servants and military commanders stood on both sides. However, Zhao Kuangyin himself was a general in a dragon robe and became an emperor. He was worried that his military commanders would follow suit, and began to improve the status of civil servants and suppress military commanders. As a result, the Song Dynasty became the softest dynasty in history. For civil servants, they have a lot of status and wealth, so describing the prosperity of the Song Dynasty has laid a curse for thousands of years. In Song Dynasty, the civilian groups represented by literati were treated too high and their status was too high, which led to the imbalance of power. So, the civilian put his hand into the sphere of influence of the military attache group and wanted to do the work of the military attache. As a result, most of them can't compete with Zhao Kuo. Except Yue Fei, there is no brilliant victory in other foreign wars.

In the Song Dynasty, the promotion of literature and the suppression of martial arts reached the abnormal state, and military commanders and people with military achievements were greatly suppressed. In the Song Dynasty, civil servants who were not familiar with military affairs led military activities, while laymen led experts, and failure was doomed. No matter how the GDP of Song Dynasty ranked first in the world, it was only a fat sheep bullied by neighboring countries at most. In order to maintain the dominant position and interests of the scholar-bureaucrat group, it is obvious to exploit and suppress the living space of other classes. As an intellectual, the Song Dynasty is famous for advocating the glory of the Song Dynasty, just like safeguarding its own interests.

Feudal society refers to the system of sealing the country, which began in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Since Qin Shihuang, it has been a centralized autocratic system for more than 2,000 years. Feudal society lasted for 800 years, and the economic development and ideological innovation of all localities were in that era. Centralized autocracy will not last for more than 300 years. Laozi said, "The damage of heaven can be made up for more, but the damage of humanity can be made up for less. The hunger of the people is based on hunger, and the people are difficult to treat, and their achievements are also difficult to treat. " Social chaos is bureaucratic corruption, and selfish desires serve the people vertically and horizontally. There were only three laws in the Great Han Dynasty since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Let's see how many later.

Since the Jin Dynasty, clan forces have risen, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty began the imperial examination, and Song Taizu initiated the civil administration. Since ancient times, the style of study has been clean, the new culture has broken the original social order, the national culture has fallen, and the natural living environment has deteriorated sharply. In just a few decades, the patriarchal clan is criss-crossed, and it is difficult to have a son.

The historical cycle law of 300-year cycle is more determined by the contradiction between land and population. In the early dynasty, due to the long-term war and famine, the population dropped sharply, and the contradiction between man and land was not sharp. After that, the population doubled, but the total amount of cultivated land remained unchanged. At the end of the dynasty, due to the serious land annexation, the contradiction between population and other countries was unprecedentedly intensified, and the feudal society valued agriculture over commerce, so the surplus population could not be absorbed and diverted for commerce. Moreover, China did not advocate foreign colonial expansion in ancient times, and often a famine might turn into a peasant uprising sweeping across the country, eventually leading to the replacement of dynasties.

After the end of land division and the unification of the world, each dynasty caused class differentiation. At the beginning, the dividing line of class was still very small. Over time, class division became class opposition. So there is an internal contradiction. As a result, the old dynasty ended, the vassal regime was divided and the land was divided. After a period of life-and-death struggle, one finally eradicated the local kings and unified the country, and a new dynasty came, and history repeated like this.

The lesson of history is: unity is not limited to the unity on land, but also needs the unity of people's hearts to ensure the unity of classes. The unification of land is what the ancients said. The unity of classes is what the ancients said. If we want to achieve 10,000 years of reunification, we must adjust our policies at any time and pay attention to people's livelihood after laying the foundation of the country. So there will be no class division. If there is a central government that people want, people can have enough to eat and wear warm clothes, even if local governments want to overthrow the central government, there is no public support. Local officials are frequently mobilized, and local officials who win the hearts of the people either fall to the central government or stay at the local level.

Feudal rulers are all hereditary rulers, which will lead to the serious solidification of the ruling class in the past and make the class-breaking policy at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China less and less binding. At the same time, the land was privatized by local rulers, which seriously led to the increasingly difficult life of the bottom people. Because the hereditary emperor's life is getting better and better, and the information in the palace is blocked, the emperor is easily tampered with by people with a will, and he can't understand the real social situation. The peaceful scene created will lead people to lose their sense of urgency. Centralization has been weakened, the state treasury has become increasingly empty, and the people have a hard time. The invasion of foreign countries was precisely because eunuchs and courtiers gave them a chance to see the decline of central control at this time.

At the same time, because the place where foreigners live is not as rich as the Central Plains, it is not suitable for human survival. In order to survive, foreigners covet the Central Plains and find the right time to let their own race survive through war. Most rulers of ethnic minorities have no long-term vision. Once in power, they always give their own people a lot of benefits. It was obviously unfair from the beginning. The people will certainly find every opportunity to resist the ruling class, so the rule of ethnic minorities is relatively short-lived.

However, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty did not exclude Chinese culture, and even assimilated it more and more. They did a good job in the integration of national cultures, so the rule time of the Qing Dynasty was longer than that of Liao, Xixia and Jinyuan. 300 years is the maximum value of class solidification, and no matter how hard the bottom class tries, it can't move to another class through proper means, so revolutionary war is needed to break the class solidification and reshuffle.

In short, first, the mind is solidified and unwilling to accept new things; Second, rigid thinking, unwilling to reform with the times; Third, selfishness, those in power only have their own prosperity and wealth, without the suffering of the people; Fourth, the constraints of ethics, the rules set by our ancestors and so on. Do not dare to violate it, otherwise it is unfilial, a father and son, and the son kills people. The above four points are the reasons why the dynasty lasted only 300 years from the Qin Dynasty.