Rao Guohua's main deeds

18941February 7 was born in a poor peasant family in Zhangjiaba, Dongxiang (now Baotai Township), Ziyang County, Sichuan Province. Rao Guohua's great-grandfather, Rao Wende, moved his family from Daji Village (now Huanggang Village, Hongfang Town, xinluo district, Longyan City) to Sichuan in the tide of emigrating to Sichuan in the first year of Qing Qianlong (1736), and has lived in Rao Guohua for five generations. His grandfather Rao Yijia, grandmother Zhu, stepmother Huang, father Rao Sihong and mother Chen Dou are simple and hardworking farmers. Rao Guohua's family retains the customs and habits of Longyan people. Although when in Rome, do as the Romans do and speak the local Sichuan dialect, she still retains the title of Longyan dialect, calling her grandmother "mà", her mother "Mim", her sister "Jia" and her uncle "Bundle". The Rao Guohua family has been thinking about their ancestral home. After joining the army, Rao Guohua was too busy with military affairs to spare time to return to Longyan. He personally wrote to the elders of his hometown in Chuanxiang (Huanggang), Longyan, asking his hometown to send someone to Sichuan, and all the road and accommodation expenses were paid by him. People in Huanggang Village are still chanting the kind invitation of General Rao Guohua 70 years ago.

Rao Sihong abides by Longyan people's tradition of attaching importance to education. No matter how poor his family is, he will try to get his children to study and send Guohua to a private school. 1907, he was sent to the county seat by his mother, and he studied under the former Qing Dynasty in wujun. After that, wherever Rao Guohua went in his life, ink stones, pen and ink and his favorite books were always indispensable in his marching backpack. He maintained a family style of diligence and housekeeping, being loyal and filial at home, seeking justice by courtesy, and respecting his ancestors and neighbors. I grew up as a cowherd and went to Chengdu as an apprentice at the age of 16. He saw that the Qing government was corrupt and incompetent, and he knelt before foreign invaders to make peace. Royal aristocrats "stink of wine and meat", ordinary people are naked and hungry, and "the road is frozen to death". Therefore, he is determined to save the country and the people and join the army to make the country strong. When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, Rao Guohua devoted himself to the torrent of democratic revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen and joined the new army. 17 years old, just joined the army and worked as a cook. Later, he was trained in the "Leader Training Institute" and "Officer Training Institute" of the Second Army Division, and both graduated first. 19 17, he was promoted to company commander. He served in Liu Cunhou's department of the Second Division of Sichuan Army, and later transferred to Liu Xiang's department of Sichuan Army as the company commander. He is studious, trains hard and studies the art of war seriously. During his training in the officers' training institute of the division, he ranked first in all the examinations and was deeply relied on by his teacher Liu Xiang.

Rao Guohua is decent and simple, modest and prudent, approachable, rigorous in running the army, with clear rewards and punishments. He fights bravely, and he will take the lead in every battle. Quite popular with soldiers, he was promoted to battalion commander and head of the regiment for his meritorious military service.

Around 193 1 year, Rao Guohua led his troops to Chongqing. Under his leadership, the 145 division was United internally, and the soldiers returned to their hearts and got along well. He abided by the ancestral motto of not taking concubines and smoking opium, lived in humble houses, had no food to eat, walked without servants, wore no gloves, shared weal and woe with foot soldiers, was strict in running the army, and had clear rewards and punishments. He inherited the Confucian people-oriented thought and advocated that "the army and the people should be integrated and the country and the family should never be separated." 193765438+February 1 1 The New Shu Newspaper published an article saying: Rao Guohua, as the head of the regiment, was stationed in Tongliang, and when the autumn harvest was in full swing, the rice would rot in the ground. He personally went to the fields to help grab the harvest, and urged the officers and men not to pay wages and tea. At first, the villagers were shocked, and then they began to doubt. Finally, when they saw that the soldiers didn't commit crimes in autumn, they woke up and praised them. According to one of his battalion commanders, when the troops were stationed in Tongliang and Bishan, Rao Guohua would personally go to the fields to help sow and harvest during the busy farming season. He runs the army strictly and has a good commander in chief. He takes courage and loyalty, bloody conscience, knowing righteousness and honesty, and observing etiquette and honesty as the main purpose to supervise and train his own teachers. He shared joys and sorrows with the foot soldiers, chatted with the soldiers, went into the dormitory, went to the kitchen and went to the toilet to check the hygiene, and cared about the lives of the soldiers. He is meticulous in finance, always auditing accounts, most of the military expenditures are announced, and recruiting talents is also very democratic. Rao Guohua is outspoken, generous, honest and fair. He said: "The reward is to motivate soldiers and punish them to prevent future disasters. Improper reward is an affair, and the mood will be biased; Improper punishment is wrong, and the grievances will be scattered. " At that time, there were many troops in Shu, and soldiers often deserted. Rao Guohua's troops are still on holiday, returning to the team on holiday or calling the roll after the war, but the number has increased.

Rao Guohua was scantily clothed and had no food to eat since he was a child. For many years, he lived a pure life and believed in Buddhism. He is honest by nature, does not accept concubines and villas, and has nothing at home except books and swords. He is very generous. When his salary is more than enough, he will donate to charity. It has successively distributed relief funds to Ziyang victims, donated library books, donated guns and ammunition, protected with mulberry seeds, and donated interest-free loans to Ziyang County Disaster Relief Association. Rao Guohua is diligent in training and entertains himself by reading whenever he has leisure. He said: "Heroic deeds are based on the honest knowledge of sages. Although I am not sensitive, I also have that ambition. " After Rao Guohua got married, the husband and wife separated for a long time. His wife Lan Zixian saw that she hadn't given birth to a boy for a long time and advised him to take a concubine with him. He also warned the soldiers that nothing could corrupt morality like lewdness. On February 20th, 1929, 1929, at the invitation of his brother-in-law, Mr. Lan, he went to Chongqing Zhangqiu Restaurant for dinner. During the dinner, a prostitute sat with him, raised a kettle to persuade him to drink, used obscene language and behaved coquettishly. Rao Guohua is very remorseful, and will be more strict with himself in the future, and will not attend the banquet easily.

1On August 20th, 928, Rao Guohua carved a painting of "Tilun Hall in Bishan, Sichuan" to a charity organization in Bishan, and ordered it to take charge of Shiquan charity, put medicine and clothes on the coffin, save widows, support orphans and help the poor, and tell a motto. Two months later, due to the reorganization of the army, it was reduced to 1, and the deputy brigade commander of the 2 nd Brigade of the Division was stationed in Chongqing. He read extensively whenever he had time. He often copied books such as The Meaning of the University, was familiar with historical records of the Song and Ming Dynasties, and was very interested in Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties. 1936, the national government issued an explicit decree on sacrificing Confucius, and Rao Guohua wrote a letter to the temple, exerting his integrity and urging him to take back his life. At that time, people thought the sun was rising and the phoenix was singing. He said: "As a soldier, we should take it as our duty to defend the country, defend mountains and rivers, and protect people's lives and property;" Being a man should be based on filial piety, faith, courtesy, righteousness and shame. If you put on a military uniform, pick up a knife and gun, don't work for the people, bully the weak, and run amok, then you can only be regarded as a bandit, not a soldier. "When he was stationed in Tongliang, the autumn rain continued, and the rice was going to rot in the ground. He ordered the soldiers to harvest rice voluntarily and not to disturb the people. When the villagers who came back from Tibetan soldiers saw that there was no shortage of grain, they cried out for mercy. He stationed in Tongliang and other counties, advocated respecting Confucius and sent people to whitewash the Confucius Temple. 1937, Rao Guohua attended the meeting of the Northeast Army of Chuankang in Chongqing Shangqing Temple, and was shocked to learn that the Lugouqiao Incident occurred. He and the officers attending the meeting unanimously demanded to participate in the war, and they all wrote articles in succession. He once said to his friends Lu Zicheng, Wu Qiuying and others: "This time I fought for my country, I released my repressed Huo Ran, and my desire to resist aggression and serve my country will be realized. "In September, Rao Guohua returned home, made an exception and held his 70th birthday for his mother, and swept the ancestral graves. He said to Mr. Wu Jun, "This trip is to fight for our country, or we will die if we don't succeed. If the students are lucky enough to die, their families still hope that the teacher will take care of them. " Tell Lan Zixian: "I am fighting for my country this time, without hesitation. Since ancient times, loyalty and filial piety are hard to tolerate, and my mother is old. I hope to support her wholeheartedly. "At that time, they had five children, and Mrs. Blue, who was pregnant, held back her tears and nodded in agreement.

On September 2 1 day, 2 1 army was ordered to go out of Sichuan to resist Japan. At the grand farewell meeting held by people from all walks of life in Qionglai County, General Rao Guohua said heroically: "This time I was ordered to go out of Sichuan to fight against Japan, and I vowed to do my bit, followed by doing my duty faithfully and doing my duty as a soldier. ..... determined to lead troops to the battlefield, not to expel the enemy, and never to return home. " 1937 10, Rao Guohua led his troops to walk for 2000 miles, and shipped from north Sichuan to Wanxian to the east. 1 1 0 reached the front line in the middle of the month. At this time, Shanghai has fallen, Suzhou Changzhou has also fallen, and the Japanese soldiers attacked Nanjing in four ways. Under the cover of the navy and air force, they strategically surrounded us and headed for Wuhu, Anhui Province, threatening Nanjing's flank. Chiang Kai-shek immediately ordered Liu Xiang to send Tang Shizun, the 23rd Army, into Qingyang, Anhui Province, to contain and intercept the enemy invading Nanjing from the Taihu Lake basin in the west. In view of the importance of Guangde City, the left-wing defense line, and the safety of Nanjing, the capital, Tang Shizun appointed Rao Guohua, who could recruit good fighters, to lead the troops to defend the city. General Rao immediately led his troops to Guangde. He personally patrolled the front line, inspected the fortifications, encouraged officers and men to bravely kill the enemy, and lived up to the expectations of their hometown elders. Knowing the great responsibility, he said to the adjutant, "I was ordered to go out of Sichuan with the purpose of destroying the strong bandits, returning my rivers and mountains and relieving the suffering of my compatriots." Fortunately, I was given priority to the front line to defend the enemy, and the fighter plane was coming. How can I be excited and eager to try? " Inspired by his patriotism and fearless heroism in fighting for the survival of the nation, the officers and men of the whole division are United as one enemy and their morale is high. They have a profound understanding of the principle of "defending one city and the world". All the officers and men firmly said: "swear to death Guangde * * *, and forbid the Japanese to commit violence!" Determined to fight the invading Japanese invaders to the end and defend the territory of the motherland with blood and life. 1937165438+1in mid-October, when Rao Guohua department reached the front line in the south of the Yangtze River, Shanghai fell and Su Chang fell. Under the cover of navy and air force, the Japanese army attacking Nanjing surrounded us strategically and headed for Wuhu, Anhui Province, threatening Nanjing's flank. Chiang Kai-shek ordered Tang Shizun, the 23rd army of Liu Xiang, to station in Qingyang, Anhui, to contain and intercept the enemies who invaded Nanjing from Taihu Lake basin. In the absence of reinforcements to look forward to, Emperor Shizun of the Tang Dynasty only appointed Rao Guohua, who could be good at fighting, to guard the army. He said to Rao Guohua: "The battle of Guangde is of great significance. Make up your mind to live or die with the city, or I will come to see you!"

The confrontation between China and Japan, the disparity in weapons, and the obvious advantages of enemy artillery and air force. Before each attack, the enemy always fires 4,000 to 6,000 shots to kill, and then the light tanks fire smoke bombs to cover the soldiers' forward attack. During the attack, enemy artillery fired in isolation from a distance, and tanks covered the combatants. Once, the Japanese army opened the way first with 15 tanks, followed by infantry. China soldiers, lacking heavy artillery, run under tanks with 12 cluster grenades. According to Liu Qiyao of 2 1 Army 16 Division, eight soldiers blew up three tanks with their own lives.

When the nation was in danger, Rao Guohua was pushed to the front line of life and death in the "Nanjing Defence War". At that time, the situation was: weapons were inferior to people, and no reinforcements were available. How can he stick to Guangde?

1937165438+1On October 22nd, the Japanese Niu Daoshi invaded Yixing and Changxing, and then split up, preparing to seize Sian and take Guangde directly.

Rao Guohua commanded the Yi Tong Department of the 433rd Brigade, occupied the Si 'an position about 60 miles ahead of Guangde, and launched a life-and-death battle with the Japanese on the 27th. Relying on the advantages of aircraft, artillery and tanks, the Japanese army launched many attacks. Although our army's weapons and equipment are inferior, it is still desperately resisting. In the end, due to heavy gunfire, I suffered heavy casualties and was outnumbered. Xi 'an fell on the 30th. Rao Guohua was very worried when he got this terrible letter, knowing that Guangde was a battleground for military strategists and it was necessary to defend Nanjing. So he led the officers and men of the 433rd Brigade to jiepai, about 5 miles ahead of Guangde, and stubbornly stopped the Japanese invasion. The enemy's air superiority is also obvious. Our kitchen is close at hand, but we can't deliver meals because of the indiscriminate bombing. Soon, our main railway line from Xuancheng to Guangde was bombed by enemy planes. The supply was interrupted, Rao Guohua and his men were surrounded by the Japanese army on three sides, and our war situation gradually declined. At that time, it was reported that "the fierce battle in this campaign was not seen until our army retreated from Songhu." However, in the end, the 145 division suffered heavy casualties due to poor equipment, and the head of the division, Liu Ruzhai, retreated without authorization in violation of military orders, resulting in the annihilation of the whole army. Xi' an fell and Zushan fell. The Japanese army took the opportunity to attack Guangde County. ...

30, Rao Guohua rate areas of a battalion of troops, still ordered to organize a counterattack, surrounded the Japanese in the horizontal shop. "At that time, it was already alone, and the city was isolated. Traffic was also interrupted and ammunition was exhausted. The reinforcements can't come up, and the sacrifice is great, and there are not many troops left. Rao Guohua himself was wounded and commanded the battle, determined to hold his ground and swear to defend the city. " Rao Guohua wrote a suicide note to Liu Xiang, commander-in-chief of the 23rd Army, and Tang Shizun, deputy commander-in-chief: "Liu Ruzhai was defeated because he didn't listen to the command, so he had to die to repay the public insiders and the elders in Sichuan. The headquarters guards Guangde, covering the retreat and concentration of friendly forces and completing the task. Our officers and men are willing to sacrifice their lives to serve our country, and their loyalty and courage make them deeply comforted. Guangde is located in a strategic location, and I can't bear to see it caught by the enemy. Therefore, we are determined to live or die with the city, report to the state for training, and care for officers at all levels. In the future, I sincerely hope that the officers and men of our department will bravely kill the enemy, drive the bandits out of the country, return the soul of our country, complete my unfinished ambition, and die without complaint. " At dusk, Rao Guohua and his guards rushed to Guangde Airport overnight and ordered the soldiers to fire ammunition at the oil drums in the airport warehouse. Suddenly, the flames were blazing, the warehouse was burned down and the enemy was in ruins. Later, he came to the east gate of Guangde City, ordered the guards to lay the carpet, drank it back, sat cross-legged in the middle of the carpet and shouted in the direction of Guangde: "William is so strong that he will die, not to mention you, a small Japanese, will die in the future!" He's talking about William II, who led Germany's powerful Kaiser Wilhelm II. He fell because he started the First World War. Rao Guohua glared at the enemy, pulled out a pistol, aimed at his own temple and pulled the trigger to die, at the age of 43. ...

How magnificent it is to die for our country and give generously! Attack, effectively covered the retreat of China's main forces. The bad news came that Rao Guohua's family in Zhongshu was heartbroken. An elderly mother who lost her son, a middle-aged wife who lost her husband, and a child who lost his father in childhood, undoubtedly have great grief for this family. "But at that time, our whole family knew that it was glorious for my father to sacrifice for the country and the independence of the Chinese nation. We should be proud of him and be proud of him. " Many years later, Rao Guohua's daughter Rao Yuxi also said so.

1937 65438+In February, Rao Guohua's body was transported back to Sichuan by the "Minjian" ship of Minsheng Company along the Yangtze River. Rao Guohua's body passed through various places, and people from all walks of life spontaneously held a public sacrifice meeting. People from all walks of life in Sichuan and Chongqing gathered to mourn the brave soldier. Grand commemorative and public sacrifice meetings were held in Wuhu, Yichang, Wanxian, Chongqing, Chengdu and Ziyang. The national government, war zone leaders, institutions, schools and non-governmental organizations also sent messages of condolences. In recent days, local newspapers have made a lot of reports in the form of features, special topics and comments. "More than 2,000 people mourn for the country, and all walks of life mourn for Rao Guohua", "Rao Guohua's loyalty arrived in Chongqing, and all walks of life in this city went to Jianggan to welcome the sacrifice today, mourning for the country is touching. General Rao Guohua Memorial Hall stopped for the public sacrifice in Ziyang, his hometown, to express his reverence for the anti-Japanese heroes. 65438+February 65438+February, a memorial service was held in Chongqing Fuzi Chigong Stadium in the morning to commemorate Mr. Rao from all walks of life in Ba County, Jiangbei, Chongqing, and more than 10,000 people attended, feeling tragic. In February 65438, the National Government clearly commended Rao Guohua's heroic deeds, posthumously conferred the rank of general of the army and granted him a state funeral.

193865438+1October 4th, the body arrived in Ziyang, where the county magistrate led thousands of people from all walks of life to meet and accept the worship and remembrance of the elders in his hometown. At two o'clock in the afternoon, the coffin returned to the home at No.66 Xiaxi Street, and the whole family knelt down to meet Dai Xiao. At that time, the people of the whole city put up incense tables and hung elegiac couplets, crying endlessly. Rao Guohua's body stayed at home for a period of time and was buried in Ganxigou, an agreement village in Baotai Town on June 23rd, 65438.

1March, 938 12, Mao Zedong delivered an important speech in Yan' an to commemorate the 13 anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's death and pay tribute to the soldiers who died in the anti-Japanese war, among which Rao Guohua and other patriotic generals were highly praised. He said: "In the past eight months, the land and air have fought bravely and the whole country has been United. Millions of troops and countless people joined the line of fire. Thousands of people died gloriously and heroically while performing their sacred tasks. Many of these people belong to the Kuomintang, many are producers of * * *, and many are people from other parties and people without party affiliation. We sincerely mourn the dead and express our eternal memory for them. From generals Hao, Tong, Zhao and Rao Guohua ... for every soldier, they have given the people of China a lofty and great example. "

1940, a bronze statue of General Rao Guohua was cast in Chengdu Zhongshan Park, and the "Guo Hua Rao General Monument" inscribed by Lin Sen, Chairman of the National Government was established.

1983 September 10, Sichuan Provincial People's Government ratified General Rao Guohua as a revolutionary martyr: "Rao Guohua, former commander of the145th Division of the Kuomintang Army, fought against the Japanese invaders in Guangde County, Anhui Province on 1937 10/0/30. At the end of 1983, Ziyang county people's government allocated special funds to repair the tomb of the martyrs in Ganxigou and set up a monument to revolutionary martyrs.

In 2009, the Atlas of China Cultural Relics edited and published by National Cultural Heritage Administration listed Rao Guohua's tomb as a relic of modern revolution.

20 1 1 Yanjiang district government designated Rao Guohua Martyrs Tomb as the third batch of district (county) level cultural relics protection units.

Today, there is a statue of General Rao Guohua in jianchuan museum, an ancient town in Dayi, Chengdu. In memory of this hot-blooded general, Guangde people set up a Guohua Road named after him in Guangde City.

People from all walks of life across the country solemnly greeted the national mourning and mourned for the half-mast of the capital. Guohua was extremely sad and honored and was posthumously awarded as an army general. Ziyang built a shrine for him and Chengdu made a statue for him. Liu Xiang deeply regretted the bad news. He earmarked 30 thousand yuan to help his survivors. On June 23rd, 65438, the general was buried in the south slope of Ganxigou in Baotai Temple.