Decryption: Where did the territory reach farthest during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty?

In the heyday of Kaiyuan, the Central Asian Oasis was also ruled by the Tang Dynasty. At one time, it established a vast territory from Luofu in the south (now Hejing in Vietnam), Xuanzang in the north (now Angara River basin in Russia), Rest in Peace in the west (now Bukhara in Uzbekistan) and Wu Ge in the east (now Tonghua in Jilin), with a land area of/kloc-0.076 million square kilometers. According to conservative estimates, in its heyday and Tianbao period, the national population reached 80 million.

Mo nan mo Bei

In the fourth year of Zhenguan (630), Tang Jun perished in East Turkistan, and Monan became the sphere of influence of the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Yongchun (682), the Turks revived the country, and the northern border was seriously affected until the Turks perished. In the third year of Tianbao (744), Uighur was established and occupied Monan and Mobei. After the An-Shi Rebellion, the border troubles resumed, but there was no large-scale war between the Tang Dynasty and Uighur.

western part of the country

In the fourth year of Zhenguan, the Tang Dynasty established Xiyizhou in seven cities of Yiwu and began to operate the Western Regions. The rule of the Tang Dynasty over the area west of Congling has been unstable, and it was closed for two years (667). Due to the expansion of the big food power, the territory of the Tang Dynasty retreated to Conglin East. Thirty-six years after the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the Tang Dynasty gradually lost the area under the jurisdiction of the former Anxi Duhu Government.

northeast

In the fifth year of Xianqing (660), Tang Jun and Silla perished. In August of the first year of General Chapter (668), Tang Jun and Silla destroyed Koguryo again and set up Anton Capital in Pyongyang. However, due to the fierce resistance of local people and the northward advance of Silla forces, in the first year of Xianheng (670), Anduhufu moved to Liaodong. In the first year of Kaiyuan (7 13), Anton Khufu moved to western Liaoning. During the Tianbao period (742-756), the government of Anton was abolished. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty gradually lost its direct control over Liaodong Peninsula. In 698, the first year of Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, its leader established the earthquake country, which was called Bohai State in the Tang Dynasty. No. Haidong is Guo Sheng, but it has a friendly relationship with the Tang Dynasty, and most of the time it surrendered to the Tang Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, Liaodong, the hometown of Koguryo in the north and south of Yalu River, still belonged to the Central Plains Dynasty, and Silla's territory was still in the south of Datong River and Pyongyang.

southwestward

In the second year of Kaiyuan (7 14), Yan Dayan sent 100,000 Tubo soldiers to the valley, and Tang Xuanzong chose 700 warriors to attack at night in clothes and Hu clothes. The Tubo army was frightened and killed each other, killing tens of thousands of people. Xue Ne led Tang Jun to attack, beheaded 17,000 people, seized more than 200,000 horses and sheep, pursued the Tubo army, fought in Changbao and lost again. Tens of thousands of people were killed and injured before and after Tang Jun.

In the third year of Kaiyuan (7 15), Tubo and * * * * made Ada king and sent troops to attack Khan, who was defeated and ran to Anxi for help. Song led the army out of Qiuci, thousands of miles west, down to a hundred cities, and marched straight in. It's the moon. If you attack Afghanistan, it will be priceless. Xiao Song made a sudden attack from foot soldiers, from Sanlong to Youyou, killing three cities, and captured more than a thousand soldiers. Ada and several riders fled into the valley. Filial piety spread to all countries and inspired the western regions.

In the 10th year of Kaiyuan (722), Tubo invaded Little Bolu in the west, which was then a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty. The ambassador of the North Court sent Zhang Yinbing, the deputy envoy of Shule, to rescue him. Break the Tubo army and capture tens of thousands.

In the 16th year of Kaiyuan (728), the Tubo general learned about Langkou Guazhou at the end of the year, and the Governor Zhang Shou beat it away. Third, the envoys of Hexi Longyou, Xiao Song and Zhang Zhongliang, broke Tubo in the thirsty valley (now Qinghai, Hunan); Zhong Liang chased it, pulled out its desert Mengcheng (now Longyangxia, Qinghai Province), and captured many people. Xin Mao, General Sargingo and Du Bin broke Tubo at the gate of Qilian. When Tubo invaded again, Xiao Song sent guests to hit him with a strong crossbow. From the beginning to the end of the war, Tubo was defeated and won one of its generals (a deputy commander-in-chief with 5,000 superiors). Tubo defeated soldiers fled into the mountains and cried in unison.

In the seventeenth year of Kaiyuan (729), Zhang Shou, the satrap of Guazhou, and Jia Shi, the secretariat of Shazhou, attacked the Tubo Datong Army and broke it.

Li T, the king of Xin 'an, led Tang Jun to capture Shibao City, and divided his forces to hold the key position, so that the enemy could not advance. Naturally, the troops of Tanghe and Gansu were able to swim for thousands of miles. Xuanzong heard that it was renamed Shibaocheng and called Zhenwu Army.

In May of the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), Tubo sent envoys to make peace in China. Zamp said that niece or princess is a family. In the middle, Zhang Xuanbiao and others dispatched troops to seize money first, making the two places hostile. My nephew knows his rank, how dare he be rude! It's just a side payment. I want to convict my uncle. Those who sent envoys to North Korea repeatedly were suppressed by the border generals. I'm glad you sent a messenger to see the princess from a distance. Repair the old as before, and die without complaint! Naturally, the Tibetan complex is attached.

The southwest Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau established by Nanzhao in the seventh year of Tianbao (748) was at war with the Tang Dynasty, which also weakened the national strength of the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, he was China Annan (North Vietnam) for a long time after Wuping South Vietnam Emperor. During the Tang Dynasty, there were offices such as Jiaozhou General Government and Annan Duhu House (Tang Suzong changed its name to Zhennan, Tang Daizong changed its name to Annan), and still water teachers were stationed as ambassadors. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, local tyrants rose and became completely independent from the Central Plains dynasty.