When did Zhu's surname originate? Where is the root?

The original meaning of "Zhu" refers to a kind of wood with red hearts. "You can't imagine a red heart, so you can know it through it." Duan Yucai, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, believed that the formation of Zhu's surname was related to an ancient clan that worshipped red hearts and another clan that worshipped spider totems. There are at least five sources of Zhu's surname: one is the son of Shun, and then Zhu is the surname; One is a descendant of Chen Shun Zhu Hu (or Zhu Biao); First, after the Song and Wei Dynasties, he changed Song to Zhu; One is to go to Beijing to find the countryside where Zhu passed; First, in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the conference semifinals were thirsty and changed their surnames to Zhu. However, among the five sources of the Zhu family, the Cao Shi Zhu family has the strongest vitality.

The first Zhu surname recorded in ancient books belongs to the legendary ancient emperor Zhu between Fuxi and Shennong. Travels of the Yellow Emperor says: "Zhu's family is after the Yellow Emperor." Song Zhendexiu's genealogy and surname origin of Zhu family in Ziyang also said: "Zhu family began in Xuanyuan. "Thus, Zhu's blood ancestors should be the same ancestor of the Chinese nation-the Yellow Emperor. Huangdi gave birth to Changyi, Changyi gave birth to Korean Wave, and Korean Wave gave birth to Zhuan Xu. " Zhu, after Zhuan Xu. "(Yuan He Shi Bian) Therefore, Zhu's surname originated from Levin in the Preface. Zhuan Xu's great-grandson and Lu Zhong's fifth son, Ann, was given the surname Cao by Dayu. Xifengan was born in Zhu State (now Fei, Zou, tengxian and other places in Shandong Province) and its capital is Zhuzhai (now Qiaocun, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). His survivors took the country name as their surname. During the Warring States Period, Qi was destroyed by Chu, and the nobles of Qi fled everywhere, so they went to their ears and renamed Zhu. Zhu Xia (Cao Xia) is the ancestor of Zhu's surname today.

Originated from the Zhu Xiang family

Zhu Xiang was the chief of a tribe at the end of primitive society. He led his tribe to join the Central Plains Tribe Alliance headed by Fuxi, and led the tribes in the Central Plains after Fuxi. Today's Huaiyang area is the center of ancient Fuxi activities, and Zhu Xiang tribes also live here. Some descendants of Zhu Xiang family took Zhu as their surname, forming the oldest branch of Zhu's surname.

After Dani, the son of Emperor Yao.

His real name is Qi, the eldest son of Emperor Yao, one of the five ancient emperors. Because it was sealed in Danshui (now Xichuan, Henan), it was named Dani. After his death, many branches and different surnames were derived from his people, such as Dan's family, Fang's family, Fu's family, raccoon's family, etc., among which the most important branch took Zu's family name as the surname and formed Zhu's family.

After Chen Shun Zhu Hu

Zhu Hu, also known as Bohu, is a minister of the Gaoxin family in Di Ku. According to legend, Di Ku assisted eight gifted scholars (actually the leaders of eight tribes), known as "Eight Yuan" in history. After Di Ku's death, Yao inherited the throne and retired for eight yuan. When Shun succeeded Yao as emperor, a large number of elders and ministers were reused, and the leaders of Hu tribes came back to be ministers. Zhu Hu's family has developed since then, and his descendants take Zhu as their surname, which has become an important source of Zhu's family today.

After Wei entered the Song Dynasty, his son's surname was Zhu.

Wei is Yin Shang's elder brother. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the business, it implemented the policy of "prospering and destroying the country, succeeding the peerless", and sealed Wei Zi to the present and established the Song State in Shangqiu, Henan Province, in order to inherit the fragrance of Shang Tang. Wei has a son, named Gongzi Zhu (surnamed Zhu). The descendants of Gongzi Zhu take their ancestral surname as their surname, forming a son surnamed Zhu. There is another saying about the son's surname Zhu: After the demise of the Song State in the Warring States Period, the royal family of the Song State fled to Dangshan (now Jiangsu) and changed its surname to Zhu.

After Cao Xie, Guo Zhiguo.

The enfeoffment system was implemented in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Wuwang named clans with the same surname as local governors, and at the same time enfeoffed some governors with different surnames. He first sealed his younger brother to the former site of the ancient Cao state (now Dingtao, Shandong Province), and then found Cao Xie, a Miao nationality of the ancient Cao state, and changed him to the building of Zoucheng, Shandong Province. Cao was founded in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty and perished at the end of the Warring States Period. In order to commemorate the national subjugation, his people took Zhu as their surname and later changed it to Zhu.

From ethnic minorities

In 494 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty led more than one million people from Xianbei tribe to settle in the Central Plains and moved to Luoyang. In order to strengthen the rule of the Han people in the Central Plains and carry out the sinicization reform, the imperial edict ordered all ethnic groups in northern Daibei who followed them to change their surnames to Han, and * * * changed their surnames to 140, among which the thirsty Hun family and Hun family changed their surnames to Zhu. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Xianbei people changed their surnames in Henan County (now Luoyang), one of Zhu's famous families.

In addition, influenced by Chinese culture, some ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Han or changed their surnames to Zhu. Some of them accepted the surname given by the emperor, and some changed their surnames to Zhu for avoiding disasters or other reasons. Today, there are Zhu surnames in Mongolia, Manchu, Hui and North Korea.

There are two birthplaces of Zhu's surname, namely Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu Province, among which this Zhu's surname in Jiangsu Province later became the main source of Zhu and a nation in southern China, so Wu Jun is the most popular Zhu's surname. In fact, Zhu's surname has always been one of the most popular surnames in southern China, so many celebrities of Zhu's family come from this area.

There are two important periods of Zhu family's reproduction and migration, namely Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Guangming. Before Wei and Jin Dynasties, lai xing had spread to Henan, Shandong, Anhui and other major areas in the north. Since then, due to the "Yongjia Rebellion", the Tu people in the Central Plains have moved southward on a large scale, and Zhu's surname is no exception. The southward migration of the northern Zhu surname made the southern Zhu surname even bigger. The number of people also increased sharply, so that in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Zhu, Zhang, Gu and Lu became the four major surnames in the south of the Yangtze River. By the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu was originally from Wuyuan, Anhui, and later moved to Fujian. His family is called "Ziyang School", which is scattered in Fujian and Guangdong. Because Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Guigui was the national surname and the clan flourished, so Haozhou was changed to Fengyang (the birthplace of Zhu Yuanzhang), and later the clan established Fengyang as the Tang name.

The distribution and migration of Zhu surname in history

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Zhu was widely distributed in the Central Plains and East China, especially in southern Jiangsu, forming a large family of Zhu in the south of the Yangtze River. At the same time, from the Central Plains to Shaanxi in the northwest, to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhu's footprint has reached Sichuan in the west and Fujian in the south. Zhu's surname appeared in Guangdong in the Tang Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of Zhu's surname. Zhu Yuanzhang sealed wang xing and gave Zhu's surname to the country, which made Zhu's surname develop rapidly throughout the country, especially in Yunnan in the early Ming Dynasty, which made Zhu's surname in the southwest develop greatly. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu entered Taiwan.

During the Song Dynasty (960- 1279), there were about 165438+ ten thousand people surnamed Zhu, accounting for about 1.4 of the national population, ranking tenth. The largest province of Zhu surname is Jiangxi, accounting for 15.8 of the total population of Zhu surname in China and 2.2 of the total population of Jiangxi province. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Henan (14.3), Jiangsu (10.4) and Zhejiang (10.2), which account for about 50% of Zhu's total population. Secondly, it is distributed in Sichuan (9.3), Anhui (7.6) and Hubei (7.4). There are 25 Zhu surnames in these three provinces. The whole country has formed two major Zhu surname gathering areas: Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan and Sichuan and Hubei.

During the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), there were about 1860000 people surnamed Zhu, accounting for 2% of the national population, ranking 1 1. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the net population growth rate was 20, and the population growth rate of Zhu was faster than that of the whole country. In the past 600 years, the total population growth rate of Zhu was 690, with a net increase of 760,000. In Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang was the largest province with Zhu surname, accounting for 19.4 of the total population of Zhu surname in China and 2.4 of the total population of the whole province. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Jiangsu (18.3) and Jiangxi (13.7), accounting for about 5 1 of the total population of Zhu. Secondly, there are 22 surnames of Zhu in Gansu (9.5), Shandong (6) and Fujian (6). During the 600-odd years of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Zhu's surname changed greatly. The population mainly migrated from the north to the southeast and south, but also to the northwest and southwest. The surname Zhu in the southeast has made great progress. The country has re-formed three areas where Zhu's population is concentrated: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shandong, Fujian and Gansu.

At present, the population of Zhu has reached 1.5 1.20 million, which is the 14th surname in China, accounting for about 1.26 of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of Zhu increased from 654.38+0.86 million to 654.38+0.565.438+0.2 million, an increase of about 8 times. The average population of the Ming Dynasty was close to 93 million, and the contemporary population was 65.438+0.2 billion, an increase of 654.38+0.3 times. The population growth rate of Zhu is much lower than that of the whole country. This may be related to the fact that after the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the royal family Zhu changed his surname to avoid being hunted down by the national disaster, and the surnames changed by other surnames changed back to the original surnames. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu (14.8), Guangdong (10.5), Zhejiang (9.8) and Henan (8.9), accounting for about 44% of the total population of Zhu in China. Secondly, it is distributed in Sichuan (6. 1), Anhui (5.8), Hunan (5. 1) and Shandong (4.6), and the number of Zhu surnames in the four provinces is 2 1. Jiangsu is the largest province with Zhu surname, accounting for 3. The whole country has formed a high-density residential area of Zhu surname in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of Zhu's population movement are very different from those in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially the migration from the east to Central China and North China is greater than that from the north to the southeast, and the migration to the southwest, south and northeast has become an important flow direction.

Distribution frequency of contemporary Zhu surname

The areas with the highest population density per unit area of Zhu surname are in southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang and eastern Anhui. The population of Zhu surname reaches more than 6.4 people per square kilometer, and the highest population in some areas exceeds 1 1. The area with the highest density (more than 6.4 people/square kilometer) only accounts for 2. 1 of the national territory, and the population of Zhu is about 16 1 10,000; The area of 3.2-6.4 people per square kilometer accounts for 7.4 of the national land area, and the population of Zhu is about 2.83 million. Area 1.6-3.2 people /km2, accounting for 35 1 of the national territory, with a population of about 7.67 million. The area less than 1.6 people /km2 accounts for 55.4 of the national territory, and the population of Zhu is about 30 1 10,000.

Zhu surname is widely distributed, but it is not balanced. Zhu surname is one of the most common surnames in the Yangtze River Delta region in eastern China. In southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang and southeastern Anhui. In the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong and Kunming of Yunnan, the proportion of Zhu's surname in the local population is generally above 1.6, and it is as high as 3 in Hangjiahu area, accounting for 4.5% of the total land area. In northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, most of Jiangxi, Fujian, most of Guangdong, most of Yunnan, eastern and northwestern Heilongjiang, Zhu's surname generally accounts for 1.2- 1.6 of the local population, accounting for 9.2 of the total land area; In the east of Qinghai Lake and other areas in northwest Xinjiang, the proportion of Zhu surname in the local population is generally 0.4- 1.2, accounting for 52.8% of the total land area; In other areas, the surname Zhu generally accounts for less than 0.4 of the local population, and the coverage area accounts for 33.5 of the total land area.

Blood group distribution characteristics

The blood type distribution of Zhu population is as follows: O type 4.97 million, accounting for 32.9; Type A is 4.37 million, accounting for 28.9%; Type B is 4.4 million, accounting for 29.1; Type AB 1.38 million, accounting for 9. 1. The total population of Zhu is 1.5 1.2 million.

Most of Jiangsu, most of Zhejiang and southern Anhui are the areas with the densest Zhu surnames, accounting for about 3.3% of the land area, with 2.2 million Zhu surnames, accounting for about 14.6% of the total population of Zhu surnames. Among them, type O is 760,000, type A is 660,000, type B is 590,000, and type AB is 654.38+0.9 million.

Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, northern Yunnan, northern Guizhou, Gannan, southeastern Qinghai, Ningxia, southwestern Shaanxi, Liaojihei and eastern Inner Mongolia account for about 4 1.3% of the national land area, and Zhu's surname is 99/kloc-. Among them, type O is 3.25 million, type A is 2.87 million, type B is 2.89 million and type AB is 900,000.

Other areas account for about 3 1. 1 of the land area, 30 1.000 of the total population of Zhu, and about 19.9 of the total population of Zhu. Among them, type O is 960,000, type A is 840,000, type B is 920,000 and type AB is 290,000.