What was the result of the Ozma plan for space exploration in the 20th century?

Open classification: universe, astronomy, scientific research

The Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, USA, used the world's largest radio telescope with a diameter of 305 meters at that time to send the first message transmitted by human beings to extraterrestrial civilization to the Ursula globular cluster in the Milky Way.

In the 1960s, people finally began to try to receive the radio signals from the extraterrestrial civilization world, which is located at the National Radio Observatory near the town of Greenbank in western West Virginia. At that time, this work was organized by American radio astronomer Drake and officially implemented on April 1960, named "Ozma Project". This is? A plan to passively listen to the voice of extraterrestrial civilization, "Oz" is a place name in fairy tales. This is a very strange, very distant and inaccessible place, where a princess named "Ozma" lived. The meaning of the plan is "looking for distant extraterrestrial civilization", and the purpose is to search for calls from "aliens".

Where is the "cosmic man"

Today, at the turn of the century, astronomy is bound to glow with "youthful" vitality. It will not only go deep into our daily life, but also play a more important role in the activities of exploring space. People will spare no effort to explore the fascinated "cosmic man" and may make a breakthrough; More importantly, due to the unplanned predatory exploitation of mankind in the past, the limited resources of the earth will soon face the danger of exhaustion; The rapid population growth and increasingly serious environmental pollution will threaten the living environment of mankind. In addition to joining hands and taking concerted steps to solve these problems step by step, we must also find new resources from outside the earth in time, otherwise we should emigrate to other planets, and the responsibility of astronomy will become more and more heavy. ...

In addition to spacecraft, people naturally thought of communicating with "astronauts" by radio. On the one hand, humans have also sent out some invitations to space, and also implemented a special "Ozma Plan":1On April 8, 960, American astronomers pointed a giant antenna at our only 1 1. A few days later, they transferred it to Bojiang ∈, which is 10.7 light years away. These two stars are very similar to the sun, so people had high hopes for them at that time, hoping to be lucky enough to hear the words of "cosmic people" ... Interestingly, it is said that after working for nearly 200 hours, they did find eight strong signals. However, after in-depth study, it is discouraging. It turns out that they are from the earth.

1972, the larger "Ozma II" was started again. Two American universities took the lead in jointly measuring 700 stars within 80 light years. They turned on 384 channels with the most sensitive receiver. A few months later, they screened out some unexplained "rotation mutation" signals, which aroused great interest of some people. Several astronomers in the former Soviet Union even claimed that in 1973, they had "cracked" a "secret code" issued by Bojiang: 1.

A B- Start here;

BC- Our home is in Bojiang ∈;

Cde-this is a pair of binary stars;

FG, GH-We live on the sixth planet of the seven planets;

CH, GH, jkl-please face us;

……

GQ, QR- Our laboratory is near your satellite (the moon) at this time.

Now, 27 years later, the "Bojiang ∈ Star Man" who has arrived at the doorstep of the earth is as clumsy as a yellow crane. It seems that this is also the wishful thinking of those spoony people.

In the second phase of the "Ozma" project from 1972 to 1975, scientists observed more than 650 planets near the earth. I hope to hear this signal beyond the natural radio noise of the universe: "You are not alone, please join the Galaxy Club." This is certainly not whimsical. Scientists believe that these coded signals may be in digital form, or the atomic weight of an element (such as uranium), or any other signals that can be identified as being planned by aliens.

However, whether it is "listening" or "watching", the workload is really staggering. Even the best computer can perform 200 billion operations per second, but it is still a drop in the bucket for continuous signals. To this end, American scientists decided to "mobilize the masses" and let ordinary people join in this work-with an Internet computer, they can sit at home and look for those "cosmic people". Astronomers say that each participant will get a little information from the sky. There are hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy, so we need to mobilize all available computing power.

Professor Drake knows all kinds of difficulties in contact with aliens. He pointed out, "In this respect, we should explore the whole sky like looking for a needle in a haystack. Even a powerful telescope like Arecibo has to point in 2 million directions. " Scientists have only monitored thousands of planets so far, and most of them are planets near the earth, with limited frequency.

1985, led by Paul holloway, an astrophysicist at Harvard University. A new plan to explore aliens-Space Multichannel Analysis (META) has been launched: detecting alien civilizations through more than 8 million different frequencies and high-intensity automation. Because the frequency band has increased by tens of thousands of times, the corresponding workload has also increased, and it takes 2O0—4O0 days to conduct a general survey of space. In addition to the United States, the former Soviet Union, Australia, Canada, Germany, France, the Netherlands and other countries all participated in this exploration plan.

Since the implementation of "Ozma" plan, many projects have been put forward in the world to find the beads of extraterrestrial intelligence. Their common understanding is: (l) Just like the situation of human beings, life is likely to be born in the "solar system" outside the earth, so the exploration target should be placed on the sun-like planet; (2) The best frequency range that the radio telescope can "hear" is between 1O0O and 1000 MHz, when the noise floor is the lowest. Therefore, aliens who want to establish contact with the outside world may choose this band called "microwave window" for interstellar dialogue; ; If we want to establish contact with other planets, we should use electromagnetic waves (such as radio waves) because they travel at the speed of light. Unfortunately, all the above efforts have no result, that is, no signal that can be confirmed as coming from aliens has been received.