What dreams have human beings had and what efforts have they made to realize them?

Too big a dream is ambition, too small a dream is narrow-minded, and no dream is grassroots. In this way, this dream continued to drag on for a long time 1) Galileo (1564- 1642), an Italian physicist, astronomer and mathematician. Galileo is probably more qualified than anyone to be called the founder of modern science. His famous conflict with the Catholic Church is the central event of his philosophy. This is because Galileo was one of the first people to draw the conclusion that human beings are expected to understand how the world works, and we can do this by observing the real world. Galileo has long believed in Copernicus's theory (that is, the planets revolve around the sun), but only after finding evidence to support this theory did he openly support it. He wrote articles about Copernicus' theory in Italian (not ordinary academic Latin), and his views soon gained wide support outside the university community. This angered the professors of Aristotle school, who United against him and tried to persuade the Catholic church to ban Copernicus. Galileo was so worried about this that he rushed to Rome and complained to the Catholic authorities face to face. He believes that the Bible does not try to tell us anything about scientific theory, and it is generally believed that when the Bible contradicts common sense.

, it becomes a metaphor. But the church was worried that the scandal might damage its struggle with Protestants, so it took repressive measures. 16 16, it declared Copernicus "hypocritical and wrong" and ordered Galileo not to "defend or insist" this theory. Galileo reluctantly accepted.

1623, an old friend of Galileo became pope. Galileo immediately tried to overturn the judgment of 16 16. He failed, but he managed to get permission to write a book describing Aristotle and Copernicus' theories on two premises: he should not be inclined, and at the same time, he should draw the conclusion that human beings can't decide how the world works under any circumstances, because God will achieve the same effect in ways that human beings can't imagine, and human beings can't limit God's omnipotence. The book entitled Dialogue between Two World Systems was completed and published in 1632 with the full support of the prosecutor, and was immediately praised as a masterpiece of literature and philosophy by the whole of Europe. It wasn't long before the Pope realized that people regarded this book as an argument to prove Copernicus and regretted publishing it. The Pope pointed out that although the prosecutor officially approved the publication of the book, Galileo still violated the ban of 16 16. He took Galileo to the Inquisition, declared him under house arrest for life, and ordered him to publicly abandon Copernicus. Galileo was forced to do it again.

② Bruno

Giordano bruno, a martyr of science (A.D. 1548 ~ 1600), was born in the town of Nora near Naples. Probably he lost his parents when he was young, or his family was poor and was raised by a priest. The poor child has been eager to learn since childhood./kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he became a monk in Domini Monastery. Thanks to tenacious self-study, he finally became a knowledgeable scholar in the contemporary era.

This studious, bold and brave young man, as soon as he came into contact with Copernicus' theory of celestial movement, immediately aroused his fiery enthusiasm. From then on, he abandoned religious thought, only recognized scientific truth, and fought for it all his life.

Bruno believed in Copernicus, so he became a religious rebel, accused of being a heretic and excommunicated. In AD 1576, Bruno, who was only 28 years old, had to flee the monastery and go abroad for a long time, wandering in Switzerland, France, Britain and Germany. He has lived in Geneva, Toulouse, Paris, London, Wittenberg and many other cities. Nevertheless, Bruno always preached scientific truth. He gives lectures and writes articles everywhere, and often participates in debates in some universities. With his own pen and tongue, he praised Copernicus' theory without fear and mercilessly attacked the stale dogma of official scholasticism.

Bruno's major is neither astronomy nor mathematics, but he greatly enriched and developed Copernicus theory with superhuman foresight. In the book On Infinity, Universe and World, he put forward the idea of infinite universe, which is unified, material, infinite and eternal. There are countless celestial worlds behind the solar system. What human beings see is only a tiny part of the infinite universe, and the earth is just a tiny dust in the infinite universe.

Bruno further pointed out that all the stars in Qian Qian are as huge and hot as the sun, and these stars are flying in all directions at great speed. There are many planets like our earth around them, and there are many satellites around them. Life exists not only on our earth, but also on distant planets that people can't see.

Bruno broke the "spherical shell" that has bound people's minds for thousands of years with a brave blow. Bruno's outstanding ideas made his contemporaries feel at a loss and amazed! On the whole, Bruno's thoughts are simply "shocking". Even the astronomer Kepler, who was known as the "sky legislator" at that time, could not accept it. Kepler felt dizzy when reading Bruno's works!

In the eyes of the Catholic Church, Bruno is an extremely harmful "heresy" and a heinous enemy. They bribed Bruno's friends with cunning plots, lured Bruno back to China, and arrested him on May 23, 1592, imprisoned him in the prison of the Inquisition, and tortured him for eight years!

As Bruno is a prestigious scholar, Catholicism tried to force him to confess publicly, which made him notorious, but they never imagined that all threats and inducements did not shake Bruno's belief in truth at all. A theologian talked to Bruno and said that according to his talent, if he returned to religion and painstakingly studied dogma, the Vatican would definitely rise in Rome. He said frankly, "My thoughts are difficult to reconcile with the Bible."

People in the Catholic church are desperate. They showed fierce faces and suggested that the authorities burn Bruno alive. Bruno seems to have expected it. When he heard the verdict, he said contemptuously to the executioners who killed people without blinking an eye: "Your fear when reading the verdict is much greater than that when I walked to the fire." 1600 February 17, Bruno died heroically in Rome's Baihua Square, and a great scientist was burned to death.

Thanks to Bruno's vigorous propaganda, Copernicus's theory spread all over Europe. The Catholic Church is well aware that this kind of science is a great threat to them, so the Roman Catholic Conference decided in A.D. 16 19 to ban the operation of celestial bodies and not to publicize Copernicus' theory.

Bruno did not fear the stake, resolutely and unyieldingly fought against the church and theology, and made contributions to the development of science. His scientific spirit will last forever! 1889, a bronze statue of Bruno was erected in the flower square where he was martyred to commemorate this brave man who devoted himself to science forever. Bruno was later called "the astronomer after Copernicus". Not only that, Bruno became more and more respected, and the church was saddened by the behavior at that time. ...

③ Copernicus

15 15 years, Copernicus began to write the book "The Operation of Celestial Bodies". After the completion of the Theory of the Operation of Celestial Bodies, Copernicus hesitated to publish it. He was afraid that the book would be attacked by geocentric believers and suppressed by the Vatican after it was published. With the support and encouragement of friends and students, Copernicus finally decided to publish this book after long and repeated consideration. 1542 June, the theory of celestial movement and printing began. 1543 On May 24th, Copernicus finally saw the newly published theory of celestial bodies. Unfortunately, he was blind because of a cerebral hemorrhage. He only touched the cover of the book and died.

Back to the tail, intermittent flashing dim or bright luster. From the wet experience, it will wither in a shallow blow. After that, I stood up in the process of reorganization, perhaps before showing my manners, I threw myself into the arms of this world again to find the taste of getting married. This is a necessary and professional strategy and method, a sense of security and reliability, and a necessary equipment and warehouse in life. In order to guard against losing everything, there is also a home of your own to soothe your lost heart.