Five-minute speech: Views on AIDS. Please don’t sound official. Thank you.

As for the ways of transmission of AIDS, the vast majority of our college students have received education about AIDS and can accurately point out the three ways of AIDS transmission: blood infection, sexual behavior and mother-to-child transmission. However, There are still many misunderstandings about the prevention and treatment of AIDS among college students. For example, some college students mistakenly believe that "mosquito bites can transmit AIDS." Therefore, with the openness of college students' sexual behavior and the lack of knowledge about the spread of AIDS among college students, they cannot take good precautions when having sexual intercourse, and more and more college students are infected with AIDS. According to the current trend of HIV infection, it is mainly spread among young people, and college students are the main representatives of young people. College students are at a sexually active age, and they are in the learning stage. In addition, most of them do not have a fixed source of income, and they are not yet able to With good and stable conditions for sexual intercourse, many people will choose a multiple-sex-partner lifestyle at this stage. These factors make them more vulnerable to AIDS.

Nowadays, college students have been called a high-risk group for AIDS infection. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge among college students and enhance their awareness and sense of responsibility for AIDS prevention. Moreover, young students are in a period of great physiological and psychological changes, and are also in the best stage of learning knowledge and establishing good behavioral habits. Therefore, it is particularly important to promote AIDS prevention on university campuses. Only by allowing today's college students to have a correct understanding of AIDS can we truly effectively prevent AIDS and thereby improve the entire society's care for AIDS patients.

Every year

December 1st is the day to publicize the prevention and treatment of AIDS around the world, and is called World AIDS Day

. AIDS originated in Africa and was brought to the United States by immigrants. On June 5, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, USA, briefly introduced the medical histories of five AIDS patients in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly. This was the first official record of AIDS in the world. In 1982, the disease was named "AIDS". Soon after, AIDS spread rapidly to every continent. In 1985, a young foreigner who traveled to China fell ill and died soon after being admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. He was later confirmed to have died of AIDS. This is the first time AIDS has been discovered in our country. Currently, more than 10,000 people in the world are newly infected with HIV every day. Not only is the medical community doing its best to study the prevention and treatment of AIDS, governments of various countries and all social strata are also involved in the campaign against AIDS. So far, we humans have not found a cure for this disease. Therefore, for the sake of their own health and the happiness of their families, everyone should pay attention to AIDS. Understand AIDS and prevent AIDS.

1. What is AIDS?

AIDS is the abbreviation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIOS). A fatal, chronic infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This disease is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and blood, which damages human cellular immune function and eventually leads to various serious infections and tumors. A person infected with HIV may look or feel fine for a long time, but they can pass the virus on to others. It has been less than 20 years since AIDS was discovered, but the widespread epidemic it has caused around the world has infected more than 30 million people and killed more than 10 million people.

2. The difference between HIV-infected people and AIDS patients

HIV-infected people refer to those who have been infected with HIV but have not yet shown symptoms

People who have obvious clinical symptoms and have not been diagnosed with AIDS; AIDS patients refer to people who have been infected with HIV and have obvious clinical symptoms and have been diagnosed with AIDS. The similarity between the two is that they both carry HIV and are contagious. The difference is that AIDS patients have already shown obvious clinical symptoms, while HIV-infected people have not yet shown obvious clinical symptoms. They look like Same as healthy people. It may take several years to 10 years or even longer for a person infected with HIV to develop into an AIDS patient.

3. AIDS is a "super terminal disease"

The full name of AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which is transmitted through sex, blood and mother-infant disease

It is spread through three contact methods and is an infectious disease that seriously endangers health. When the human body is in a normal state, the immune system in the body can effectively resist attacks by various viruses. Once the HIV virus invades the human body, this good defense system will collapse, and various viruses will take the opportunity to drive in through the blood and wounds. In addition, some abnormal cells in the human body, such as cancer cells, will also grow and multiply rapidly, and eventually develop into various types of cancer. In layman's terms, the HIV virus deals a fatal blow to people by destroying their immune system and body's resistance.

AIDS seriously threatens human survival and has attracted great attention from the World Health Organization and governments of various countries, with staggering investment in personnel and funds. According to statistics, nearly 40 million people around the world are currently infected with HIV, and tens of thousands of people have died from it. According to experts, HIV-infected people will develop into AIDS patients after an incubation period of several years, or even as long as 10 years or more, from the initial stage of infection.

AIDS patients will develop a variety of infections due to extremely reduced resistance, such as herpes zoster, oral fungal infection, tuberculosis, enteritis, pneumonia, encephalitis, etc. caused by special pathogenic microorganisms. In the later stages, malignant tumors often occur, until the whole body fails due to long-term consumption. And death.

Despite the tremendous efforts of many medical researchers around the world, no specific drug has yet been developed to cure AIDS, and there is no effective vaccine for prevention. At present, this "super cancer" with a case fatality rate of almost 100% has been listed as a Class B notifiable infectious disease in my country and one of the infectious diseases monitored by border health. Therefore, we call it a "super terminal disease".

4. Routes of HIV infection

Although AIDS is terrible,

HIV is not very transmissible and will not pass

We spread the word through our daily activities, that is to say, we will not kiss, shake hands, hug, have a meal, use office supplies, use the toilet, swimming pool, or use the phone It doesn't matter if you get infected through sneezing, mosquito bites, or even taking care of someone with HIV or AIDS. There are only three ways of HIV transmission:

(1) Sexual intercourse transmission

HIV can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, especially sexual promiscuity. Gay men can transmit HIV through anal, vaginal, and oral sex. Sexually transmitted diseases (such as syphilis, gonorrhea, genital warts) or ulcers on the genitals increase the risk of HIV infection. Sexual contact, whether it is same-sex, opposite-sex, or between two sexes, can lead to the spread of AIDS. There are a lot of viruses in the semen or vaginal secretions of HIV-infected people. During sexual activities (including vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, and oral intercourse), due to friction at the sexual intercourse, it is easy to cause subtle damage to the genital mucosa. At this time, the virus will It takes advantage of the situation and enters the blood of uninfected people. It is worth mentioning that because the intestinal wall of the rectum is more easily damaged than the vaginal wall, the risk of anal intercourse is greater than that of vaginal intercourse.

(2) Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion transmission: If there is HIV in the blood, the person transfused with this blood will be infected.

Transmission from blood products: Some patients (such as hemophilia) need injections of biological products made from certain components extracted from the blood. Some blood products may contain HIV, and you may be infected with HIV if you use blood products.

***Transmission through needles: HIV can be passed from one person to another through the use of unclean needles. For example: intravenous drug addicts use needles; reuse needles, hanging needles, etc. in hospitals. In addition, if you use an unsterile syringe with an HIV-infected person, you will also be infected by the virus left in the needle. It is very dangerous to use syringes, acupuncture needles, and tooth extraction tools that are contaminated with blood and have not been strictly sterilized.

(3) Mother-to-child transmission

If the mother is HIV-infected, she is very likely to infect her child during pregnancy, delivery or through breastfeeding.

5. Overview of AIDS in my country

Since the first case of AIDS was reported in the United States in 1981, the disease has now occurred in more than 150 countries. By 2002, approximately 70 million people worldwide were infected with AIDS, and approximately 20 million died. At present, this disease is mainly found in Africa, America, and Europe. It has been reported in Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and mainland my country in Asia, and it is showing an increasing trend. Since the first case of AIDS was discovered in my country in 1985, by the end of 2002, 20,560 cases of infection, 2,639 cases of AIDS, and 1,047 deaths had been reported. It is estimated that the actual number of infections exceeds 1 million, with 200,000 patients, of which 80,000 to 100,000 are currently alive. For some people infected with the virus, the asymptomatic infection period can last up to 10 years. Once they progress to AIDS, the prognosis is poor, with the average survival period being 12-18 months. Source of infection: Patients and asymptomatic virus carriers are the source of infection of this disease. The virus mainly exists in blood, sperm, uterine and vaginal secretions. Other body fluids such as saliva, tears and breast milk also contain viruses and are all contagious.

6. Diagnosis and Prevention of AIDS

AIDS is the abbreviation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIOS). It is caused by a virus. HIV is called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The pathogenic effect of HIV is mainly to destroy the immune function of the human body, causing the loss of cellular immune function, causing the body to lose resistance to bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that usually have no pathogenic ability, and is prone to infections and tumors such as multiple hemorrhagic sarcomas. . In the acute infection stage, high-risk factors and symptoms similar to serum sickness can be used; in the chronic infection stage, high-risk groups, accompanied by severe infections or tumors, should consider the possibility of this disease and conduct further HIV antibody or antigen testing. Gay men, promiscuous people, intravenous drug addicts, hemophiliacs and those with multiple blood transfusions are high-risk groups. The age of onset is mainly young adults under 50

years old.

High-risk groups who have two or more of the following conditions should consider the possibility of AIDS: 1. Recent weight loss of more than 10%; 2. Chronic cough or diarrhea for more than 1 month; 3. Intermittent or persistent fever for more than 1 month; 4. Swelling of lymph nodes throughout the body; 5. Recurrent herpes zoster or chronic disseminated herpes simplex infection; 6. Oral candida infection. Suspicious cases should be further tested and confirmed.

Propaganda measures for sex education mainly include adding safe sex and health education courses to freshmen’s entrance education to improve students’ awareness and ability to prevent sexually transmitted diseases; establishing public welfare homosexual organizations for people with same-sex sexual orientations, Correctly guide students and improve everyone's safety and health awareness and level; use the school league committee, student union and other organizations to carry out anti-discrimination publicity and advocacy, conduct anti-discrimination publicity lectures, and participate in AIDS volunteer club activities; strengthen the management of Internet cafes, bars, and KTVs in college campuses and guide, increase the intensity of AIDS publicity in such places; regularly organize university volunteers to carry out relevant activities here, such as: program performances, distribution of promotional materials, lectures, etc.; improve the quality of condoms distributed to facilitate the acquisition of students in need.

7. Explanation of Doubts

(1) Can kissing transmit AIDS?

Having normal sexual intercourse with AIDS patients or HIV carriers in daily life Social kissing generally does not lead to HIV infection. However, if you have a more intimate and deep kiss with a person with HIV or HIV, the chance of infection will increase with the degree of kissing, because although the skin damage is difficult to see with the naked eye during the kissing process, in essence, The capillary damage in the mouth will increase with the intensity of kissing, which will provide an invisible channel for the spread of AIDS, and the chance of infection is much smaller than that of sexual transmission.

(2) Can AIDS be prevented?

First of all, the transmission route of HIV is very clear, through blood transmission, sexual transmission and mother-to-child transmission; secondly, HIV is very fragile in the external environment and can be easily killed, so HIV does not pass through the air , food, water and other general daily life contact transmission. In addition, HIV cannot survive in mosquitoes and cannot be transmitted through mosquito bites. Therefore, the spread of AIDS is mainly related to human social behavior. It can be blocked and prevented by regulating people's social behavior.

(3) Why is it said that sexually transmitted diseases increase the risk and chance of HIV infection?

Sexually transmitted diseases can easily cause inflammation, damage, and ulcers of the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals or reproductive tract. It is easy to cause further breakage and bleeding during sexual intercourse, making it easier for HIV to be sexually transmitted. On the one hand, it can make STD patients more susceptible to HIV infection; on the other hand, it can also make STD patients more likely to pass HIV in their bodies to their sexual partners. In addition, damage and bleeding to the reproductive tract mucosa of pregnant women can lead to mother-to-child transmission of HIV during delivery. Therefore, sexually transmitted diseases will increase the risk and opportunity of HIV transmission.

8. The harm of AIDS

AIDS is not only a health problem, but also a social problem. Every member of society may become a direct or indirect victim of the AIDS epidemic. AIDS causes harm that cannot be ignored to individuals, families and society. 1. The harm of AIDS to individuals

Physiologically speaking, once an HIV-infected person develops into AIDS, his health condition will deteriorate rapidly, and the patient will suffer tremendous physical pain and eventually lose his life. Psychologically and socially, once an HIV-infected person learns that he or she is infected with HIV, he or she will experience tremendous psychological pressure. In addition, people living with HIV are prone to social discrimination and find it difficult to receive care and attention from relatives and friends. 2. The harm of AIDS to the family

The various discriminatory attitudes towards AIDS patients and infected people in society will bring disaster to their families. Their family members, like them, also have to bear a heavy psychological burden. This can easily lead to family discord and even family breakdown.

Because most AIDS patients and infected people are at the age of supporting their families, they are often the main source of family income. When they can no longer work and need to pay high medical bills, their family's financial situation will quickly deteriorate. Families with AIDS patients usually end up leaving orphans with no one to care for them, or leaving their parents with no one to care for them. 3. The harm of AIDS to society

AIDS mainly affects those adults aged 20-45 who are in the prime of life, and these adults are the producers of society, the caregivers of the family, and the defenders of the country. AIDS has weakened social productivity, slowed down economic growth, reduced life expectancy at birth, reduced national quality, and weakened national strength. Social discrimination and unfair treatment have pushed many AIDS patients and infected people into society, causing social instability, increasing crime rates, and destroying social order and social stability.

4. The impact of AIDS on children

AIDS has turned tens of millions of children into orphans, forcing tens of millions of innocent children to endure the pain of losing their loved ones and having to endure it frequently. People are discriminated against, out of school, malnourished and overworked.

AIDS is the common enemy of mankind. To eliminate AIDS, we need the joint efforts of the whole society. We need to cultivate a sense of social responsibility for AIDS prevention, and we need to start with "I".