In what year did the former Soviet Union disintegrate and was divided into several countries?

We know that the Soviet Union was once a very powerful country. After Lenin's October Revolution, it took more than 3 years of painstaking efforts to form a great power alliance of 15 countries.

However, it did not escape the fate of disintegration. On December 25th, 1991, President Gorbachev handed over the nuclear button as a symbol of power to Russian President Yeltsin. Since then, the Soviet Union has split into 15 independent countries, large and small. How to divide the many state-owned assets left by the former Soviet powers, and what will happen to the millions of huge Soviet troops in former China?

(Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991)

Legacy debts and overseas assets

Due to the economic downturn in the former Soviet Union, debts were high. When discussing the distribution plan, other countries, such as Ukraine, which did not want to bear the debt, agreed to the resolution that "Russia is the natural successor of the Soviet Union", so Russia undertook the overseas debt of the Soviet Union as high as 21.3 billion US dollars and inherited the permanent seat of the Soviet Union in the United Nations Security Council.

In p>26, Russia paid off all the foreign debts owed by the former Soviet Union and began to settle the overseas claims of the former Soviet Union. At this time, Ukraine came forward to demand distribution. Ukrainian Finance Minister Philip Chuk said that Russia's voluntary repayment of foreign debts did not prove that it could completely inherit the overseas heritage of the former Soviet Union, and Ukraine and other participating countries had the right to inherit and divide it.

Of course, Russia has paid no attention to Ukraine's unwillingness to take on debts and its desire to compete for assets.

(dismantled equipment yard)

State-owned fixed assets

The former Soviet Union built a certain scale of industrial, agricultural and military fixed assets in various places and at home, and adopted the method of territorial inheritance. At that time, Ukraine was the heavy industry and military manufacturing base of the Soviet Union, including submarines, tanks and warships.

At that time, the Soviet Air Force * * * had 25 Tu -16 strategic bombers, 19 of which were in Ukraine and owned by Ukraine. Russia took back 8 of them by way of paying off Ukraine's debts, and 11 of them agreed to pay for them. Unfortunately, due to Russia's lack of financial resources at that time, the transaction was never completed, and later they were dumped by Ukraine.

(Liaoning ship)

In those days, the warship Varyag was also parked at the Black Sea Shipyard and returned to Ukraine. Similarly, Russia was unable to pay for it, and we found out that it was a Liaoning ship today.

As a former nuclear superpower, at its peak, the Soviet Union had more than 3, nuclear bombs, mainly distributed in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Of the 15 participating countries, only Russia has the ability to keep these nuclear bombs, and other countries have to hand them over to Russia or destroy them. Because the army was in chaos when the Soviet Union disintegrated, there were even incidents of reselling nuclear weapons to the Middle East.

(weapons and equipment allocated)

Although Ukraine does not have as many nuclear warheads as Russia, at the beginning of its independence, it was still the third largest country with nuclear weapons in the world, second only to Russia and the United States. In order to prevent nuclear proliferation, the United States asked Kazakhstan and Ukraine to destroy their nuclear weapons on the condition of providing economic assistance. In order to get American assistance, all the nuclear weapons of the two countries were destroyed under the supervision of western countries.

Nationalities and armies

The Soviet Union is a multi-ethnic country. People who were coerced to join in World War II, such as the Baltic countries, have always had a feeling of resistance and opposition. In order to assimilate and infiltrate, the Soviet Union has continuously mixed Russian nationalities into various joining countries.

(Army of the former Soviet Union)

For the population of all countries, no matter what nationality you are, the principle of residence and household registration is adopted. However, some joining countries introduced some assimilation policies after independence, which led to a large number of Russians leaving and returning to Russia.

As for the army, when the Soviet Union disintegrated, there were about 3.7 million soldiers, and these troops were stationed at the borders or overseas bases of the participating countries. At that time, in order to assimilate and integrate all ethnic groups, the Soviet Union adopted the law of military service in different places, that is, the soldiers from each country were sent to serve in different countries.

When assigning troops, first of all, we should follow the principle of nationality division. Soldiers can either return to their original homes after serving in their current posts or directly return to their hometowns to continue their unfinished military service. You can also choose to live directly in the current station.

(Withdrawn Soviet troops stationed overseas)

At that time, most of the armed forces in the army came from Russia, so whatever other poor countries refused to accept was taken over by Russia. A total of 2 million Soviet troops were converted into Russian troops, and all the overseas military bases of the former Soviet Union were taken over by Russia.

This flexible way is conducive to the preservation of Soviet combat effectiveness, especially the officers' class, who prefer to stay in the Russian army and do not want to go back to their hometown. Therefore, even today, there are still officers from the original participating countries in the Russian army.

after the disintegration of the Soviet union, the cold war situation of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet union was disintegrated, and there was no tit-for-tat arms race. The world is more peaceful. The economies of Russia and Eastern Europe began to recover slowly. However, Yeltsin, who took the initiative to show kindness to the West, did not wait for the eager close cooperation between the United States and Russia.

In the face of Russia, which inherited the great power status of the former Soviet Union and military nuclear deterrence, the United States still regarded it as the number one international threat. It launched a color revolution in Georgia and Ukraine and blocked Russia strategically. Yeltsin, who regretted it, finally did the right thing, and that was to use Putin.

today's Russia, led by Putin, annexed Crimea and stirred up the situation in eastern Ukraine, demonstrating superb political means and wisdom. Russia is gradually recreating the international prestige of the Soviet Union.

Reference historical materials: Causes and Consequences of the Disintegration of the Soviet Union.