Who are the world hegemons of past dynasties?

The Mongol Empire was the first overlord, and Genghis Khan was the founding monarch. During the Mongol Empire, it was 1206- 1634.

After Genghis Khan unified Mongolia in 1206, he continued to expand to the surrounding areas, and it was not until 1634 that Ezhe was killed that the end of the Mongolian empire was declared.

The Spanish Empire was the second overlord, and King Enrique III of Castilla was founded. Empire 1402- 1898.

1402, King Henrik III of Castile sent Norman explorer Jean de Béthencourt to establish a colony in the Canary Islands. The foundation of the empire was gradually laid. 1898 The defeat of the Spanish-American War declared the end of the empire.

The British Empire laid the foundation for the third overlord, henry vii. Imperial period 1485- 19 18.

Overseas British Empire-here refers to the British ocean exploration and immigration or colonization outside the British Island and the European continent-can be traced back to the pioneering ocean policy adopted by henry vii from 1485 to 1509. On the basis of the wool trade established in Richard, henry vii established a modern British maritime trade system, which greatly developed Britain's shipbuilding industry and navigation technology.

19 18 After World War I, the status of the empire gradually declined.

The American empire is the fourth hegemony, 19 to the beginning of the 20th century.

The Mongol empire

In more than 50 years, Genghis Khan and his successors have successively wiped out more than 40 countries, conquered more than 720 ethnic groups, wiped out more than 0/000 million troops of various countries and conquered 600 million people of all ethnic groups, thus establishing the largest country in human history-the Mongolian Empire. In its stable period, its territory area exceeded 35 million square kilometers, and in its peak period, it exceeded 45 million square kilometers, accounting for more than four-fifths of the whole human world at that time. At present, the land area of Asia (including all islands) is only 44 million.

Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire is one of the earliest global empires in the world and one of the largest empires in the history of the world.

"Spanish Empire" refers to Spanish colonies in America and the Pacific Ocean. However, historians know nothing about what the Spanish Empire should include, so it is difficult to define its European territory. For example, the traditional view points out that low-lying countries are the possessions of Spanish kings, managed by Spanish officials and defended by Spanish troops, so they are counted. However, writers such as Henry Carmen believe that these territories have never been incorporated into the "Spanish" countries, but only part of the Habsburg dynasty. Therefore, many historians refer to the dynastic heritage of Charles V and Philip II as "Habsburg's" or "Spanish's", and these two words are almost interchangeable.

/kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, Spain and Portugal were pioneers of global exploration and colonial expansion in Europe, opening up trade routes in various oceans, making trade prosperous, from Spain across the Atlantic to America, from Mexico across the Pacific, and via the Philippines to East Asia. Spanish conquerors overthrew the Aztec, Inca and Mayan civilizations and claimed large territories in North and South America. For a time, with its experienced navy, the Spanish empire dominated the ocean; With its terrible and well-trained infantry phalanx (Tercio), she dominated the European battlefield. Pierre Villar, a famous French historian, called it "the most extraordinary epic in human history". From 16 to 17 century, Spain experienced its golden age of culture.

From the middle of16th century, the Habsburg dynasty of Spain used the gold and silver mined in America to obtain more military expenditure to cope with the long-term war in Europe and North Africa. Spain has maintained the largest empire in the world since it annexed the Portuguese Empire in 1580 (lost in 1640) until it lost its American colony in19th century, even though it suffered many twists and turns in the military and economy since 1960s. Just as Spain was facing new shocks, difficulties and pains because of the establishment of its empire, its thinkers constructed some of the earliest modern concepts in natural law, sovereignty, international law, war and economy. Its related schools of thought are collectively called Salamanca School. They even doubt the legitimacy of imperialism.

Spain's golden age: not falling into the empire (152 1- 1643)

16 and 17 centuries are sometimes called the Spanish golden age (Siglo de Oro). /kloc-in the 6th century, Spain got gold and silver equivalent to $65,438 +0.5 trillion (1.990) from New Spain. At that time, its territory was vast, and it was often called "the empire where the sun never sets". The dysfunctional empire in the golden age, its power center is not in the inland of Madrid, but in Seville. The Habsburg dynasty squandered the wealth obtained from Castilla and American colonies, fought many wars in Europe for its benefit, defaulted on loans several times, and bankrupt Spain. The contradiction between the empire and the people of Castile finally triggered the Castile community uprising in 1520-22.

gt.brit。

The British Empire refers to a global empire centered on Britain, which reached its peak in the early 20th century, with a population of 400-500 million, accounting for a quarter of the world population at that time and a territory of about 33 million square kilometers. By the middle of the 20th century, especially after the end of World War II, with the rise of the global nationalist movement, British colonial rule was in a serious crisis. In this case, Britain was forced to allow the vast colonies to be independent or semi-independent. In order to continue to play an important role in the former colonies, the British government initiated and supervised the establishment of a so-called peace organization-"Commonwealth", which was joined by most countries that were independent from the former British colonies. But there are also a few who have not joined.

The formation of the British Empire was the result of more than 300 years of trade, immigration and military conquest. During this period, there were also peaceful commercial diplomatic activities and the shrinking of the empire. The empire covers seven continents and four oceans, including Antarctica. It is described as an "empire where the sun never sets", reaching its peak between 1890 ~ 1900.