Changes in Shenzhen (English)

According to the Records of Xin 'an County compiled during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Shenzhen River not only has a long history, but also has a fast-flowing water. When it rains, there will be floods, which makes it very difficult for residents to travel. People often "don't know the depth, but they are drowned." So, under the auspices of Liao Yingchong, the chief inspector of the local public security department, in the 28th year of Kangxi, a "Huimin Bridge" was built on the Shenzhen River, made of stone, which is the predecessor of today's "Ren Minqiao".

As a place name, "Shenzhen" first appeared in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. That is the name of a small "market" and also the name of an outpost. At that time, the garrison was only 10.

The "market" was originally a formal rural fair, and people would disperse after the transaction was completed. But by the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, the "market" in Xin 'an County had developed into a market with fixed residents, and most of them were formed in places with convenient transportation. Although the Shenzhen market is small, it is quite famous.

In fact, the name "Shenzhen" not only bears geographical traces, but also bears the color of immigrant culture. It is a new word brought by Hakka immigrants to the south.

Generally speaking, after moving to a new place, immigrants often use old place names to express their roots. Usually, immigrants do not copy their original names, but use the same place names as their places of origin. Historically, some Hakkas in Lingnan area moved from northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang. The common place names in these areas are Keng, Tan, Yang, Ping and Zhen.

There is also a "Shenzhen" with the same name in Zhejiang, besides Yu 'an in Lishui, Zhejiang, and Shenzhen Head in Yongkang. Wenjia Town, Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, Pingxiang Town and Hejia Town; Yuandong, Xinning Town, Hunan Province; Toukeng, Dabu Town, Guangdong Province, Gaozhen, Meixian County, etc. These place names appeared after the Song Dynasty. They are ancient Chinese brought by northerners to the south, which evolved into dialects in the south and produced dialect place names.

"Baoan, Baoan, Debao is safe"

Bao 'an has Baoshan, which is "safe and secure". There was a book in the Ming Dynasty that said, "He who gets his treasure is safe, and he who is healthy is also." "Baoan" has its own name in history and has auspicious meaning.

This "Baoshan" is located in Zhangmutou Town, Dongguan City. There is a book in the Song Dynasty: Bao 'an is famous for its "treasure in the mountains and silver in the stone urn field." Therefore, this "treasure" is actually a silver mine.

As a county name, "Baoan" has a history of 1670 years from the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 33 1 year. In 33 1 year, a county was established in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which governed six counties, including Shenzhen, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, parts of Dongguan, southern Panyu County and Zhongshan City. This is the beginning of the establishment of county and county-level administrative institutions in Shenzhen, and it is also the beginning of Shenzhen's urban history.

Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, Shenzhen has been subordinate to Dongguan County. After all, it is far away and beyond the scope of governance. Shenzhen and Hong Kong were often harassed by Japanese pirates, especially after the mid-Ming Dynasty. So, at the proposal of gentry in Nantou, with the support and planning of Liu Wen, the deputy envoy of Guangdong, in the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573), "Xin 'an County" was built in the hometown of Baoan. From "seeking safety through treasure" to "seeking safety through danger", we can see the living environment and ideals of the people.

19 14. Due to the adjustment of national administrative divisions, Xin 'an County of Guangdong Province has the same name as Xin 'an County of Henan Province, so it was changed back to "Baoan". 1 99365438+1October1,Baoan was divided into districts from the county, and Baoan and Longgang districts were established, which were directly under the jurisdiction of Shenzhen.

"swords and guns are put in storage, and horses are put in Nanshan."

"Nanshan" has Nanshan, with an altitude of 336 meters. At the foot of the northern mountain, the sea is in front of the village, and the rice fields are behind the village. Historically, it was a land of plenty. Nanshan District is named after Nanshan, and its artistic conception is remote, which always reminds people of two famous sentences of Tao Yuanming.

But this area is not independent in history, especially its predecessor "Nantou", as the center of ancient civilization in Shenzhen, has experienced too many wars.

During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties, Nantou was the political, economic and cultural center of southeastern Guangdong. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, commerce has flourished. In order to get in and out of Guangzhou, large ocean-going ships have to bypass Lantau Island and enter the Pearl River via Nantou and Humen. Therefore, Nantou has become the throat of Guangzhou's external traffic channel. It can be seen that Nantou's important position at that time was equivalent to the "Cape of Good Hope".

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the coastal defense was strengthened and a garrison was built here. In A.D. 1565, in the face of increasing harassment by Japanese aggressors and pirates, six water villages were established in Guangdong, and the naval headquarters was located in Nantou Water Village. In order to predict the enemy's situation, a smoke pier (also known as beacon tower) was built on the top of Xiaonan Mountain in Chiwan as the eyes and ears of Nantou Water Village. In case of enemy situation, smoke during the day and call the police with fire at night. Nanshan Yandun site still exists.

The piety of "being blessed in the field"

Futian District was named after Futian Village, which existed in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty.

The origin of the name "Futian" is related to the ancestors of Shangsha Village in Huangjintang. During the Southern Song Dynasty (1 192), Huang, the fourth son of Golden Hall, moved to the southern edge of Songzi and led his children and grandchildren to reclaim land. Later, he was very happy to see that the crops were as green as paintings. These two words express the character and good wishes of Shenzhen ancestors engaged in agriculture.

Futian District, formerly known as Shangbu Management District, still has the road name "Shangbu". "If you can't get up, it's not good to get down" (Shangbu District, Xiabu Temple). Many people who come to Shenzhen for the first time will laugh for a long time: "It's like riding on the back of a tiger!"

"Port", commonly known as "port", refers to "land and water wharf", which is used for place names, related to the ancient Vietnamese language and limited to southern China. In addition, the village is located in the north of Shenzhen River, above the river, hence the name "Shangbu". I can imagine the scenery of boating on the water here hundreds of years ago.

Luohu Mountain in ancient Vietnam

Today's bustling Luohu District is named after Luohu Village, which existed in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.

Mr. Rong of Shenzhen Museum told the reporter that the word "Luo" in Luohu Village originated from the ancient Vietnamese language, which is the name of the mountain in the ancient Zhuang language and the Dong language. Mountain names with the word "Luo" are the legacy of Baiyue people in ancient times, such as "Luofu Mountain", which is found in Boluo, Dianbai, Xingning and Pingyuan in Guangdong, Qinzhou and Fangcheng in Guangxi. Therefore, it can be inferred that "Luohu" in Shenzhen is the name of the mountain, and it is named "Luohu Village" because of its low terrain and numerous lakes and ponds around it.

At the beginning of the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Luohu Mountain was leveled, and the mountain soil was used to raise the Luohu lowland. It is said that this has increased the ground of Luohu lowland by 1 m!

The beautiful legend of dragon and phoenix becoming auspicious

Longgang has dragons and immortals.

There is also a beautiful legend about Longgang: in ancient times, a beautiful fairy came here after she came down to earth. The dragon in the sky "cherishes fragrance and jade" all day long to protect the safety of beautiful women, but she never changed her original intention and finally turned into a mountain.

Legend belongs to legend, but the shape of the hill here is really like a Wolong, which is why "Longgang" is named. In Dongguan in the west, there is a place name "Fenggang", which echoes Longgang from a distance and means dragon and phoenix.

In 33 1 year, Dongguan County was established in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Longgang was under the jurisdiction of Baoan County. During the Republic of China, Longgang became the jurisdiction of Huiyang County; 1958 1 1 is under the jurisdiction of Baoan county; 1986 was renamed long gang zhen, 1 993 65438+1October1,and changed to Longgang district.

Dapeng ancients boiled "sea" for salt.

"Yantian" is a place name evolved from industrial economy. The name of Yantian District comes from the old Yantian village on the eastern coast of Shenzhen. Shenzhen is located on the coast of the South China Sea. The ancestors "ate the sea for food", opened salt fields on the vast seashore and cooked salt for a living.

Ancient Shenzhen residents needed seawater to make "cooked salt". The common methods for making seawater are as follows:

First, dig a deep pit on the beach by the sea, and lay "special" earth bricks on the bottom and walls of the pit-a kind of "tough cooked mud" mixed with straw and trampled by cattle feet, and fill in the joints of the bricks to prevent leakage. Put bamboo and wood across the pithead, spread reed mats, then sweep up the surface sand soaked in seawater in the saltworks and spread it in the sun, pile it on the reed mats at the pithead, and water it with Shanghai water. Who knew the salt on the plate was hard?

Ancient Shenzhen was famous for producing salt. As early as the Han Dynasty, the salt production here was brought into national management. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, salt production reached its peak, and official salt revenue became an important financial source for the government. At that time, some people said that "the salt in the world is beneficial to half", and the salt industry has a very important position in the history of Shenzhen.

The hard work of the salt people has brought great benefits to the government, but the life of the salt people is extremely difficult. The government's profiteering, exploitation and squeezing aroused the resistance of salt people, and the phenomenon of making and selling salt increased day by day, which intensified social contradictions. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the government banned salt people from cooking and selling salt, which triggered a large-scale armed uprising of salt people. The salt people led by Gordon once repelled the government forces from attacking Guangzhou, but failed because they were outnumbered.

Dapeng fortress

In the Dapeng Peninsula in the east of Shenzhen, there is a "Dapeng Lock City" built in the Ming Dynasty. This is also the origin of Shenzhen referred to as "Pengcheng".

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the coast of Guangdong was ravaged by Japanese pirates, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, ordered the construction of "Dapeng thousand houses guarding the city". In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1394), Zhang Bin, a thousand households in Zuo Wei, laid the first brick in Dapeng Peninsula. Soon, an impregnable Dapeng City appeared at the foot of Dapeng Ridge.

At that time, there were thousands of defenders in Dapeng City, who were developing the coast and opening up wasteland to protect the country. It also opened up two martial arts cities, East and West, commonly known as the East-West Teaching Field.

During the reign of Kangxi, Jin's Annals of Xin 'an County proudly recorded that "Dapeng is the crown of the coast". Dapeng City, as a military fortress of Lingnan coastal defense in Ming and Qing Dynasties, covers an area of about 1, 654,38+0,000 square meters. It has resisted Japanese pirates, fought Portuguese colonists, prepared for two opium wars, and has a history of resisting foreign aggression for more than 600 years.

A few years later, Pengcheng Shenzhen miraculously appeared in the place where Dapeng's city was gradually abandoned. ...

According to the Records of Xin 'an County compiled during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, the Shenzhen River in history is not only deep, but also fast-flowing. Whenever it rains, it floods, making it very difficult for residents to get in and out. People often "don't know the depth, but they will drown if they move". Therefore, the official in charge of the local security governor presided over a "waste-treatment bridge" built by the Shenjiang River in the 28th year of Emperor Kangxi. A stone from the construction of this bridge is today's.

As a name, "Shenzhen" first appeared in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It was a small "market" and the first name. The first name was also a position. At that time, there were only 10 troops.

"Fair", commodity fairs are held regularly in the village, and people will disperse after the transaction is completed. However, during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the "fair" in Xin 'an County has developed into a formal market for urban residents, and they have formed a Shenzhen market in many convenient places, which is small in scale but relatively well known.

In fact, the name "Shenzhen" not only bears a geographical trace, but also marks the migration of cultural color. It is a new vocabulary for Hakka immigrants to cross national boundaries.

Generally speaking, when you move to a new place, you often use the old name here, which you like to use to express the source of the root. In general, copy the original name instead of immigration, but use the same original name. Historically, some Hakkas in Lingnan area have moved to these areas from northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang, commonly known as pits, lakes, oceans, plains and plains. ..

Zhejiang also has a "Shenzhen" with the same name, and there are also Shenzhen leaders in Lishui and Yongkang, Zhejiang; Jinxian in Wen Chun, Jiangxi, Pingxiang and Junhe Port in Shenzhen; Spring comes from Pangxi, Xinyuan, Hunan; Chunpo in Guangdong, Gaochun in Meixian, etc. These names appeared in the future Song Dynasty. Northerners brought ancient Chinese from the south, and they evolved into dialects in the south. These dialects have names.

"Baby, The Home Depot and Safety"

There is also Baoshan Baoan, "Home Depot and Safety." There is a book in the Ming Dynasty that says, "Those who are insured are also people." "Bao" is in history, so it has its own name and auspicious intention.

"Baoshan" is currently in Zhangmutou Town, Dongguan City. It is recorded in the book of Song Dynasty that Bao 'an "has Baoshan, and it has a silver urn stone field in the food market". Therefore, this "treasure" is known as a silver mine.

As a county name, "Bao" has a history of 1670 years from 33 1 year in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 33 1 year, the Eastern Jin Dynasty established counties, and six counties including Baoan were under its jurisdiction. , including today's Baoan County, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, parts of Dongguan, South China, Zhongshan and so on. This is the beginning of setting up a county in Shenzhen, the beginning of county-level administrative institutions and the beginning of building a city in Shenzhen.

Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, Shenzhen was not far from the county town under the jurisdiction of Dongguan, which was beyond the reach of the government. Shenzhen and Hong Kong were occupied by Japanese pirates and pirates, especially in the mid-Ming Dynasty. Therefore, Liu Jingnan, the first squire, proposed to settle the waterway in Guangdong and plan to support it. In the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1573), a "new county" was built in the former site of Baoan, which was beneficial to the reform. From "The Home Depot is one" to "Eliminating security risks", we can see people's living environment and ideals.

19 14 years, due to the integration of national administrative divisions, the new county in Guangdong Province has the same name as the new county in Henan Province and was changed back to "Bao" County. 1 year 1 month, 1993, Bao 'an County was abolished, and Bao 'an and Longgang Districts were established, which were covered by Shenzhen.

"swords and guns are put into storage, and Nanshan horses are released."

"Nanshan" has Nanshan, with an altitude of 336 meters. To the north of the mountain is the foot of the mountain, in front of the village is the sea, and behind the village is the rice field. Historically, it is the "land of fish and rice". Nanshan District is so named because its size and mood always remind people of two poems by Tao Yuanming.

However, in the history of this area, there is no, especially, its predecessor, "Tounan", as the center of ancient civilization in Shenzhen, which has experienced too many wars.

During the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, the south was the political, economic and cultural center of southeastern Guangdong. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, commerce began to flourish. When large ocean-going vessels entered Guangzhou, they had to bypass Nanyutou and Humen to enter the Pearl River. Therefore, Nanyu became the first overseas traffic channel in Guangzhou. It can be seen that the first important position in the south at that time was quite "Cape of Good Hope".

In the early Ming dynasty, this strengthened the defense and military fortifications. In A.D. 1565, faced with the increasingly rampant harassment of Japanese pirates and pirates, Guangdong set up six pavilions, which was the first pavilion of the naval headquarters in the south. In order to predict the enemy's situation, a smoke pier (also known as beacon tower) was built at the top of Xiaonan Mountain in Chiwan, which served as the eyes and ears of the first sentry booth in the south. Once the enemy appeared, it used smoke during the day and called the police with fire at night. Survival date of Nanshan Yandun site.

The piety of "Telford arrival"

Futian District was named after Futian Village, which existed in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty.

The origin of the name "Futian" is related to Zutang Village. In the golden year of the Southern Song Dynasty 1 192, when the fourth son of Golden Hall moved westward, the settlers in the area of pine and cypress in Lingnan led their descendants to reclaim farmland and turned the land into a grid field. Later, they were very happy to see the crops in green, like pieces of pictures, and they turned it into a grid field.

Futian District, formerly known as BBK Management District, still has the road name "BBK". "No, it's broken" (Shangbu District, Xiabu Temple). Many people come to Shenzhen for the first time. When they first hear its way, it will laugh for a long time: "It's like riding behind a tiger!"

"Bu", commonly known as "port", means "wharf on land and sea". It is an ancient language used in place names and is limited to southern China. Together with the villages located in the north of Shenzhen River, they are named "Climbing the stairs" after the "small river". People can imagine the scene of "water adventure park" here hundreds of years ago.

Wuyue Mountain Language

Today, the name of Luohu District comes from Luohu Village, which existed all the time during Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty.

Mr. Yin, a reporter from Shenzhen Museum, said that the word "Fa" in Luohu Village comes from the ancient Yue language, which is called "Dashan" in the ancient Zhuang and Dong languages. The mountains with the word "Fa" are the remains of ancient Baiyue people, such as "Luofu Mountain", including Boluo, Dianbai, Xingning and Pingyuan in Guangdong, Qinzhou and Fangcheng in Guangxi. Therefore, it can be inferred that "Luohu" in Shenzhen is surrounded by mountains and waters, and there are many lakes and ponds around it, hence the name "Luohu Village".

At the beginning of the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Luohu Mountain was leveled, and the soil on the mountain was used to raise the low Lo. It is said that this made the low Lo ground increase by 1 m at that time!

The legend of dragon and phoenix

There are dragons and immortals in Longgang.

There is also a beautiful story about Longgang: in ancient times, a beautiful fairy passed by here, and Tianqunlong surrounded her all day to protect the safety of beautiful women, and her determination remained unchanged. Finally, she became gentle and turned into a hill.

However, legend goes back to legend. The shape of the hills here is really like a dragon, hence the name "Longgang". On the west side of Dongguan, there is a place called "Fenggang", which, like Weiqincha in Longgang, means something auspicious.

In 33 1 year, the Eastern Jin Dynasty formally established the Eastern County, which was under the jurisdiction of Longgang and Baoan counties. In the Republic of China, Longgang became Huiyang County; 1 1 month 1958 and placed under the jurisdiction of Baoan county; It was renamed long gang zhen on 1986, and changed to Longgang district on 1993 1 month 1 day.

Dapeng ancients boiled "sea" for salt.

"Salt" is an industry name that came out from the economic evolution. The name of Yantian District is the old Yantian Village on the eastern coast of Shenzhen. Shenzhen is located in the South China Sea. Our ancestors made a living by opening and cooking sea salt in the vast area.

Shenzhen residents need seawater brine when making ancient "salt boiled". The commonly used methods of seawater brine are as follows:

First, dig a pit on the beach by the sea, and set up a "special" at the bottom and four walls of the pit-a kind of gruel adobe grass stem, which is filled with "tough and cooked mud" formed by cow's hoof to prevent bamboo from leaking from the pit mouth and floor. Then, after soaking with salt water, the sun salt sweeps the sand on the surface together, and piles it in the pit mouth and pours it with water, and it can be filtered into the pit to enrich the brine for cooking salt. Who knows that after salt, a journey is completed.

In ancient Shenzhen, there was a saying of salt production. As early as the Han Dynasty, the salt production here had been brought into national management. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the production of salt reached a peak, and Li, a salt official, obtained an important source of government finance. At that time, there was a saying that he was known as "Li's salt official, the home of half the government in the world", which had a very important position in the history of salt industry in Shenzhen.

Salt has brought great benefits to the hard work of public officials, but the life of salt is extremely difficult. Officials exploit huge profits, squeeze the people, and arouse more and more cases of anti-salt, cooking salt and selling salt, which leads to intensified social contradictions. During the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the government's suppression of people's cooking and selling salt, a large-scale armed uprising of salt people was triggered. Gordon led the people to repel the attacks of officials and salt merchants in Guangzhou and won, but in the end they were outnumbered and failed.

Overlooking the city

In the Dapeng Peninsula of Shenzhen, there is a "deep city" built in the Ming Dynasty in the east. Shenzhen is also known as the "city of origin".

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese suffered from floods along the coast of Guangdong Province, and were ordered to go to Korea. The emperor built "Shenzhen City 1000". In the twenty-seventh year of Ming-Wu Hong (A.D. 1394), Zhang Bin first laid a brick in Dapeng Peninsula 1000, and soon, an indestructible big city appeared in Dapeng.

At that time, Dapeng had developed thousands of troops in coastal areas and territorial waters to defend the state dynasty. It also opened up the east and west directions of Yanwucheng, commonly known as East Corner Field and West Corner Field.

"The seaside city is the biggest Dapeng", which was proudly recorded in the "Xin 'an County Records" edited by Chakong Kangxi during the Jin Dynasty. Ming and Qing dynasties were military fortresses along the coast of Lingnan, covering an area of about 10000 square meters. It fought against the Japanese and Portuguese colonists, and prepared two Opium Wars, with a history of 600 years of resisting foreign aggression.

Years have passed, and in the place where Dapeng City was gradually destroyed, Shenzhen City miraculously appeared ......