What was the relationship between Huang Taiji and Dorgon in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties?

When Nurhachi passed away, Dorgon was fourteen years old. Although his son was one of the eight great belles in the Destiny Year because of his mother's noble birth, he was still a boy after all. At that time, four of the eight great belles were already. He was a political and military giant who had experienced hundreds of battles and had a high position and important influence in the Hou Jin regime. There have always been many rumors between Dorgon and Huang Taiji. For example, Dorgon's biological mother, Nurhachi's concubine, was killed by Huang Taiji's fake will, and Huang Taiji's beloved concubine Zhuang Fei had an affair with Dorgon. Wait, wait. Therefore, some people believe that the relationship between Huang Taiji and Dorgon must be irreconcilable. Regarding the will, this book has discussed it earlier and will not repeat it here. As for Dorgon’s affair with Zhuang Fei, it is purely groundless and has no historical facts to support it, so there is no need to discuss it. Here we only analyze the relationship between Dorgon and Huang Taiji as follows. ?8?5 Huang Taiji has supreme authority. Huang Taiji ascended to the throne of Khan with the support of the Baylors. On the political stage of the Kingdom of Jin, he staged scenes of very exciting historical dramas. At the beginning of his succession to the throne, he decisively sent troops to attack North Korea, which relieved his worries, and relied on the spoils he won from North Korea to alleviate the domestic economic crisis. Tiancong's first surprise attack in three years led to the great success of the expedition, which made Huang Taiji's prestige soar in the country. Then a series of policies to stabilize the people completely freed the Kingdom of Jin from crises on all sides, and gradually achieved dominance in the south. Huang Taiji was already a supreme king at that time. We have seen that Huang Taiji never showed mercy to those who violated his dignity. He imprisoned Amin and deprived Mang Gurtai of his title of Great Belle. He also dealt with his own son Hauge very harshly and punished him. The title of prince was awarded to a Yue Tuo who supported him for his great military achievements. Even when Daishan made mistakes, he was not polite and criticized harshly. Not to mention a little Dorgon. In Huang Taiji's eyes, Dorgon is just a cute little brother. How dare he act mischievously in front of the emperor's brother Huang Taiji. ?8?5 Dorgon grew up under Huang Taiji's training. Maybe it was because Dorgon was really smart, or maybe it was because Dorgon was so good-looking, Huang Taiji paid special attention to his half-brother. During his seventeen years in power, Huang Taiji placed great trust in Dorgon and entrusted him with important responsibilities. In the second year of Tiancong, Dorgon was sixteen years old. He accompanied Huang Taiji to conquer the Chahar tribe of Lindan Khan in Mongolia. He performed very bravely. Huang Taiji specially rewarded him at the celebration banquet and gave him the title of Mergen Daiqing. In the fifth year of Tiancong, six ministries were established in the Kingdom of Jin. Huang Taiji appointed him to be in charge of the Ministry of Personnel, the head of the six ministries. In the ninth year of Tiancong, he was ordered to lead Yue Tuo, Saha Lian, Hauge and others to Mongolia to find the son of Lin Dan Khan. He completed the task brilliantly, returned the gold with the jade seal, and made great achievements. He was again commended by Huang Taiji; in the tenth year of Tiancong's reign, he changed the Yuan Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, and he was named Prince Rui; in the third year of Chongde, he was appointed as the ordered general and led the army to conquer the Ming Dynasty. Abatai, who was twelve years older than him, was Lieutenant General. The army penetrated deep into the hinterland of the Central Plains of the Ming Dynasty, crisscrossed Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong, conquered more than 40 cities, captured 250,000 households, captured Jinan, known as the largest town in the Central Plains, and captured alive a prince of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing army entered the hinterland of the Ming Dynasty for the first time and achieved a major victory, shaking the foundation of the Ming Dynasty's rule, which was of great significance. Dorgon was awarded again. Huang Taiji showed no mercy to Dorgon's mistakes. In the fifth year of Chongde, Huang Taiji kicked off the decisive battle with the Ming army on the battlefield outside the pass, and made the capture of Jinzhou the focus of the entire strategy. Dorgon was ordered to besiege Jinzhou. Because the siege lasted for too long, the soldiers all felt homesick. He secretly withdrew the army thirty miles and ordered all the bannermen to return to Shenyang to take turns to rest. As a result, Zu Dashou in Jinzhou City was able to breathe while dying, which delayed the Qing army's attack on the city. Huang Taiji was furious when he learned about it and immediately withdrew him and ordered him to reflect in a lamasery outside Shengjing and was not allowed to enter the city. Dorgon realized the seriousness of his mistake and confessed: "I believe that the enemy's troops are in Jinzhou, Songshan, and Xingshan, and herd horses elsewhere. If they are invaded, they can form a line to resist. Therefore, I send people to herd. The old camp was exhausted, and I proposed to move the camp to the pasture. It was a crime for me. " Huang Taiji scolded me: "I love you too much, and I have given you such a generous gift. I will take it upon myself." Ergon himself proposed that he should be killed according to military law. Huang Taiji was exempted from the death penalty, fined 10,000 taels of silver, deprived of two oxen records, stripped of his title of prince, and demoted to a county king. Seeing that Dorgon realized his mistake, Huang Taiji allowed him to enter the city. However, after entering the city, he was not allowed to go to the Yamen to work. He wanted to apologize to the emperor in person, but Huang Taiji did not give him a chance. With Fan Wencheng's intercession, Huang Taiji reluctantly forgave him. Later, Dorgon achieved meritorious service in the Battle of Songshan, and Huang Taiji resumed his title of prince. Speaking of Dorgon, people will naturally think of Concubine Zhuang. "The Secret History of Xiaozhuang" says that he and Concubine Zhuang were childhood sweethearts. Childhood sweethearts should have been naked children who lived together when they were young. In fact, he and Concubine Zhuang lived in Xinbin, Fushun, Liaoning Province today, and Horqin, Inner Mongolia today. The two places were hundreds of miles apart. Can't get along. So if Concubine Zhuang and Dorgon had no abnormal relationship when Huang Taiji was alive, the answer is no, no. If there is, Huang Taiji has so many spies, how can he not be discovered in full view of the public? Once the secret is revealed, Dorgon's fate will definitely not be better than that of Amin and Mang Gurtai. Concubine Zhuang may be the second Abahai. As for the changes in the relationship between Dorgon and Concubine Zhuang after Huang Taiji's death, let's leave it aside. That is a real historical mystery that I can't explain clearly.

It should be said that every step of Dorgon's growth was the result of Huang Taiji's influence, training, and education. Without Huang Taiji's true love and care, Dorgon would not have become the pillar of the Qing Dynasty. If he dares to openly confront Huang Taiji as shown on TV, what awaits him will be a high-walled ban or more severe punishment. Perhaps due to years of fighting and overwork, Dorgon often fell ill. After Hauge failed in the battle for the throne, he privately said to his confidant He Luohui and the minister Yang Shan: "Prince Rui is not a blessed person, and I have always been sick, how long can I serve as regent? You should serve me and observe Dorgon's movements for me." He also secretly cursed Dorgon as a sick man. During Dorgon's regency, he inherited Huang Taiji's domestic and foreign policies. With the assistance of several Han ministers such as Fan Wencheng, Hong Chengchou, and Ning Wanwo, he launched a series of measures to calm the people, which quickly stabilized the situation and created a new era in Beijing. A new situation. However, within the royal family, what he did was really beyond praise. He was too authoritarian and attacked dissidents, which laid the foundation for his own disaster. There were two things he did too much. The first is to exclude and attack Jilhalang. When Huang Taiji was alive, Jierhalang was the second-largest figure in the Qing Dynasty. In October of the first year of Shunzhi, he was convicted of escorting Fulin to Beijing and was granted the title of Uncle King Xinyi. However, Dorgon soon laid a black hand on him, saying that he exceeded the limit in building the palace area and built bronze lions, turtles, cranes, etc. two. Soon after, Jilhalang was removed from the position of auxiliary king and was not allowed to interfere in the government affairs. The position of auxiliary king was transferred to Dorgon's younger brother Duduo. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Dorgon once again attacked Jierhalang. He secretly manipulated Jierhalang and several of his nephews sued Jierhalang. Dorgon took the opportunity to raise the prison again, deposed Prince Jierhalang and demoted him to an ordinary county king. Jierhalang was completely excluded from the core of the political power. Another thing is that he attacked Hauge irrationally. Hauge is the eldest son of Huang Taiji. After Huang Taiji's death, he is qualified to aspire to the throne. If Dorgon is a mature politician, he should not persecute Hauge openly and almost irrationally after taking power. Once, he took advantage of someone's opportunity to report Haug to death. The emperor's younger brother Fulin became anxious and threatened to go on a hunger strike, but Hauge saved his life. Later, Hauge made great contributions in the battle of quelling Zhang Xianzhong and shot Zhang Xianzhong, the leader of the rebel army who had been on the rampage for nearly two decades. However, after the retreat, Dorgon found an excuse to arrest Hauge and imprison him. After Hauge died in prison, he took Hauge's Fujin as his own. Both Jierhalang and Hauge were important ministers during the Huangtaiji period, and both were banner princes. They were both quite powerful in the court. Although Dorgon suppressed the two with his temporary power, these two and him The subordinates will not be willing to fail. Some other veterans also see Dorgon's perverse behavior and resent it in their hearts. Once the opportunity comes, they will join forces to bring him down. This opportunity It's finally here. In November of the seventh year of Shunzhi, he suffered an illness while hunting. He fell off his horse and injured his knee. Due to improper medication, his condition worsened. He died in Karacheng a month later at the age of thirty-nine. Shunzhi held a grand funeral for him, and posthumously named him Emperor Cheng Jingyi, with the temple name Cheng Zong. But two months later, Jierhalang took action. He accused Dorgon of plotting to usurp the throne. Shunzhi sent people to judge and verify, and convicted Dorgon of plotting treason. His grave was cleared and ashes were thrown away, and his brother Aziz was executed. He was imprisoned and most of his cronies were implicated. Dorgon had no descendants. It is said that he had a son and a daughter, but there is no clear record of them. His younger brother Duduo adopted a boy to him, and Dorgon's descendants are all left by this adopted son. Dorgon's case was not vindicated until Qianlong. Qianlong commented that he was impartial and upright, and he understood the justice of the emperor and his ministers, which was rare in history. And put forward a point of view, if Dorgon wanted to plot rebellion, he had military power at that time, what could not be done? The so-called conspiracy is a frame-up by a villain. Only then was Dorgon restored to the title of prince, and the throne became hereditary, becoming one of the eight iron-hatted kings of the Qing Dynasty. Dorgon was a controversial figure. After his death, he was severely punished. His coffin was opened and his body was whipped. It is said that his head was cut off and displayed to the public. But when it came to Qianlong, the rebels were redressed. Qianlong's rehabilitation will not be without basis. At least it sends a message to the world: Shunzhi's punishment of Dorgon was excessive. Most of the many accusations leveled against Dorgon are untenable. For example, one of the charges: Dorgon said that Emperor Taizongwen's position was originally due to seizure. This crime is very serious. If Dorgon really said this, Qianlong would never vindicate him. Because if Huang Taiji seizes the throne, then Qianlong, the great-great-grandson of Huang Taiji, will lose the legitimacy of his throne. Based on this inference, this crime was probably imposed on Dorgon by his political opponents. How to evaluate Dorgon Dorgon is a very important figure in the history of the Qing Dynasty. I have to say a few words about him. The Qing Dynasty's march into the Central Plains and Dingding in Beijing took place during Dorgon's reign. Therefore, many people believe that Dorgon played an important role in unifying China, a major historical event, and was a influential figure in promoting historical progress. However, a closer look at this period of history will reveal that Dorgon's historical role has been exaggerated. These historical achievements of his were actually collectively written by the original members of the Qing Dynasty left by Huang Taiji. In today's terms, they are called the crystallization of collective wisdom. Dorgon is a fool who succeeds more than fails. Nine months after the death of Huang Taiji, the Ming Dynasty collapsed. Dorgon happened to be at this important juncture of historical change. In the words of the common people, he picked up a bargain. In today's words, he caught up with a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. historical opportunity.

In the great historical change of marching into the Central Plains to pacify the Central Plains, he could not be seen to have any great ambitions. On the contrary, the two Han officials were the mainstays, one was Fan Wencheng and the other Hong Chengchou. Compared with the two, Fan Wencheng's role is more obvious. Fan Wencheng first proposed to march into the Central Plains and seize the world. Chongzhen hanged himself, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, and the news of Chongzhen's suicide spread to the outside world in early April. At that time, Fan Wencheng was recuperating in another place due to illness. After hearing about the great changes, he immediately wrote to Dorgon: "Now we must enforce strict discipline and do not violate even the smallest detail. The meaning of the edict to enter the Central Plains is that officials should remain in their posts, people should resume their duties, and talented people should be recorded without complaint. To the north of the river, it can be passed on to the emperor. " Dorgon adopted his opinion. And immediately summoned Fan Wencheng back to Shengjing to discuss military aircraft. Fan Wencheng went on an expedition despite being ill. On the way, as a Han official, he issued a notice to the people of the Central Plains: "The righteous teacher is for you to avenge your father's enmity. He is not going to kill your people. The people he is going to punish now are the trespassers." When officials return, they resume their positions; when people return, they resume their duties. If the teacher follows the law, you will not be harmed. "This is actually a political declaration. It expresses to the people of the Central Government that when the officials return, they will resume their positions; when the people return, they will resume their careers. We are not here to kill the people, but to avenge your king and father. Enter After Beijing, he advised Dorgon to pay tribute to Chongzhen, abolished the numerous excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes of the Ming Dynasty, and personally drafted a document to strictly prohibit looting and indiscriminate killing. It was these policies that were gradually recognized by Ming Dynasty officials and people, and hundreds of thousands of people were cleared. The army was able to settle down in the vast Central Plains. Hong Chengchou used his influence in the Ming army to recruit rebels, divide and disintegrate, and brought a large number of Ming Dynasty generals and soldiers to the Qing regime at a major historical juncture. The outstanding performance is indeed commendable. Without these correct decisions, the Qing army would not have been able to take root in Beijing, because the Ming Dynasty people regarded them as barbarians after all, and their attitude towards resisting them was much firmer than resisting Li Zicheng. When Ergon could rationally accept the suggestions of the Huangji veterans, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty represented by him performed very well. When he refused the suggestions of the veterans and went his own way, he became an irrational thieves and butchers. For example, Dorgon was a complete bastard when it came to haircutting. He disregarded the national sentiments of hundreds of millions of Chinese compatriots and issued an order to shave his hair. , I want to wait until the city is settled, and then I can do this to control the ears. In today's Chinese and foreign families, the king is like a father, and the people are like sons. Father and son are one. How can it be contrary to the differences? If we do not draw one, we will end up with two minds, and we are not ordinary people from a foreign country? There is no need to say anything about this matter. I think all the people in the world must know it. From today's announcement, the order inside and outside the capital will be restricted to ten days; all provinces and localities directly under the Central Government will also be ordered to shave their heads within ten days on the day when the ministry's orders are issued. Those who obey are the citizens of our country, and those who hesitate are the same as the bandits who disobey the order and will be punished with serious crimes. If you avoid using your words sparingly and use clever words to argue, you will never lend lightly. All civil and military officials in the area should strictly inspect them. If there is anyone who commits blasphemy on this matter again and wants to punish the people in the place where I have determined that the people still have the clear system and do not follow the system of this dynasty, they will be killed without mercy! His clothing and attire should be made easier, and he must comply with the system of this dynasty and must not violate any differences. The ministry's instructions were circulated both inside and outside the capital, and were directly under the jurisdiction of various provinces, prefectures, counties, health offices, castles, and other places, so that civil and military officials, teachers and students, as well as the military and civilians, could all comply with them. "The wording of this hair-shaving order is very strict: 1. All places in the country are limited to one ten-day period, that is, ten days to complete the hair-shaving; 2. Those who do not follow the system of this dynasty will be killed without mercy! 3. Those who comply are the citizens of our country. Anyone who hesitates is bound to be a traitor and will be punished. 4. If you avoid making excuses and argue with clever words, you will never lend lightly. When Dorgon first entered Beijing, he was inevitably afraid of China. Outside the customs, as long as it was an area occupied by the Qing army, people had to shave their heads. After entering Beijing, they should follow the past rules, but he did not dare to be too presumptuous. When Fan Wencheng and other Han officials saw this, they made a request. The delay in shaving his hair gave Dorgon an opportunity to practice good governance. On May 24, he put on an enlightened attitude and said: "What I heard today is very disheartening to the people." "From now on, all the people in the world will... Keep your hair tied up as usual and follow your own convenience. "It was explicitly abolished as a mandatory requirement to shave one's head. This decision made the surrendered Han people extremely grateful. Duduo led his army to put down the Hongguang regime, entered Nanjing, and immediately announced: "No killing, no shaving, just work as usual." The people in the city each went their own way. On May 28th, King Duduo of Yu went to Baoen Temple in Nanjing to burn incense, and the people of Nanjing were "crowded" in order to see the Qing army. The commander's demeanor even overwhelmed people. The Han people in Jiangnan had been suffering for a long time. They did not hold an attitude of rejection of this foreign occupation, and of course there was no hatred. On the contrary, they had unlimited hopes for the abolition of the Three Kingdoms. The people in the city and outside the city elected representatives to carry yellow flags and incense sticks to pay money to the Qing army camp to express their submission. The people of Jiading "were decorated with flowers on the road to greet the officials appointed by the Qing Dynasty", and the people of Taicang also "welcomed them with fragrant flowers", and the situation immediately reversed, causing uproar in various places in the south of the Yangtze River. With the strong resistance of the people in Jiangnan, a bloody battle over whether to wear hair or not was staged tragically in various places in Jiangnan. The social economy and productivity were greatly damaged. Thousands of innocent people fell in a pool of blood. Ergon was the chief culprit of these tragic disasters. In fact, he could have adopted milder methods to achieve the goal of shaving his hair without killing people at all.

The imperial court, which holds the power of life and death, is always powerful to the people. It can slowly do so through high-pressure, inducement, and tilt in terms of policies, such as preferential treatment in politics: people who do not shave their heads are not allowed to participate in the imperial examinations and are not allowed to hold office; economically Rewards: Those who shave their heads can be given preferential treatment in taxes; praise from public opinion: those who are active in shaving can be given appropriate banners, erect archways, or be awarded plaques, etc. Threatening a very few people who take the lead in opposing haircutting, either killing or imprisoning them, as a warning to others. Under the influence and pressure of powerful political forces, the vast majority of people will eventually choose to obey. This process may take three steps. Maybe five years, but it certainly won't last long. In Chinese history, there were foreign races that ruled the Central Plains, but they never forced the Han people to change their customs like the Qing Dynasty did. On the contrary, in order to better implement their rule over the Han people, they learned Chinese, wore Han clothes, changed their surnames, intermarried with Han people, and eventually integrated into the Han nation. A more typical example is Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Even the brutal Yuan regime did not force Han people to wear Mongolian clothes. But Dorgon actually did this, and he did it in a frantic massacre. Nowadays, some Manchu compatriots are keeping this secret and trying every possible means to defend Dorgon. In fact, this is unnecessary. Dorgon had indelible historical achievements in unifying the Central Plains, ending wars, and establishing the unified Qing Empire. Whether it was Li Zicheng or the conquest of Nanming, although the process was full of blood, it had certain progressive significance. . But shaving is not the case. It has no progressive significance at all. It is a barbaric act caused by the discrimination and jealousy of a culturally backward ethnic minority towards the culturally advanced Han people. It is a disregard for life. The behavior of a tyrant butcher. It has caused unprecedented destruction of productivity. The most active and positive factor in productivity - people, has been brutally massacred, intensifying conflicts that should not have been intensified. The social economy has once again suffered unprovoked destruction. This is a blood debt that Dorgon owes history and the people. No matter which angle you look at it, his heinous crime is unforgivable. His crime will forever be nailed to the pillar of shame in history and cannot be freed, and he will be reviled for generations to come. Conclusion: The relationship between Dorgon and Huang Taiji was still very harmonious at the time. During his time as regent, he also respected Huang Taiji very much. It was not as tense as described in some TV series and novels. In terms of pacifying the world, Dorgon only played a certain role in the military, but politically he was a fool and almost made the situation out of control. If the political team during the Huang Taiji period had not introduced some correct policies in time, The Qing Dynasty is very likely to become Li Zicheng, who was driven out of Beijing by the Ming Dynasty survivors. There is almost nothing commendable in handling internal conflicts. He monopolizes power, favors people, excludes and attacks dissidents, and makes things worse God is angry and people are angry, and being severely punished after death is retribution.