Footprints on the moon

Footprints on the Moon has been selected into lesson 19, Unit 4, Chinese textbook for Grade 7, version 20 10.

Footprints on the Moon (selected from Overview of Scientific Discoveries in the 20th Century, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2000) by Zhu Changchao.

original text

(1) In the vast space, the moon is a close neighbor of the earth. Although it is a close neighbor, it is 380 thousand kilometers away from the earth, which is really beyond our reach.

(2) However, in July of 1969, American astronauts Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin finally landed on the moon on behalf of all mankind, taking an important step in human exploration of space and setting a new milestone in the aerospace industry.

(3) On July 16 this year, on the rocket launching platform of Kennedy Space Center in the middle of Florida Peninsula, Saturn V rocket stood upright like a giant, with its tip pointing straight at the blue sky, reaching as high as 100 meters. It will push Apollo 1 1 spacecraft into space. Ground service personnel have filled its third-stage fuel tank with fuel. The first-stage rocket has been filled with kerosene, and the second and third stages have been filled with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.

(4) Armstrong, the commander of the spacecraft, Collins, the pilot of the command module, and Aldrin, the pilot of the lunar module, had breakfast in the canteen of the Space Center and put on spacesuits. A great moment is coming, and they will embark on the journey of exploring the moon. They always say goodbye to my people. This will be the farthest trip in human history. They strode off the launcher, boarded the elevator, came to the command module and entered the narrow command module.

(5) The ground crew inspected the rocket very carefully and proved that everything was normal. After the command center issued the ignition instruction, the computer began to work automatically. The automatic ignition device ignited the igniter, and "Saturn 5" began to rumble, the earth shook violently, and the rocket slowly rose and accelerated. Three astronauts were lying in the cabin, observing the readings of various instruments. At this time, they are under great pressure, which is caused by the acceleration of the rocket. Two minutes and 42 seconds after launch, the first-stage rocket automatically fell off, and the second-and third-stage rockets continued to rise. When it reaches the altitude of 182 km, the second stage rocket will automatically fall off at a speed of 6.8 km per second. 9 minutes and 5 seconds from the ground, the third stage rocket engine started to work, and the spacecraft entered the scheduled orbit at the scheduled time and altitude. At this time, the altitude of Apollo 1 1 spacecraft is 2650 kilometers and the speed is 7.67 kilometers per second.

(6) After the spacecraft enters the predetermined orbit, it will fly around the earth first to see if it is normal and whether it can fly to the moon. According to the determination of flight conditions, the Houston ground command center issued the order to March to the moon. Then, the third stage rocket started again, making the speed reach 10.5 km per second, entering the lunar orbit and heading for the moon.

(7) Three astronauts ate in the cabin and began to sleep peacefully at 13 hours and 30 minutes after launch. The ground station no longer gives them instructions, so as not to disturb their good dreams. They must have a good rest, because it is impossible to fly to the moon successfully without good physical strength and energy.

The spaceship travels slowly in space like a lonely boat. It flew over the midpoint of the distance between the moon and the earth. 19 At 8: 33 pm, it flew over the neutral point of the gravity of the moon and the earth. The static point of this gravity is 28,000 kilometers away from the moon, and the gravity of the moon and the earth is balanced at this distance. From the spaceship, you can see the beautiful moon in sight. It has a beautiful silver light and hangs quietly above the spacecraft.

(9) 19 At 9: 32 pm, the ground command center called. Three people got up quickly. On this day, they should land on the moon as planned. The spacecraft began to slow down, and soon it would reach the sky above the long-awaited moon. Three astronauts are working nervously, holding the joystick in case the computer breaks down, so they can operate it manually. Fortunately, the computer gave normal instructions, and when the spacecraft slowed down to a certain speed, it automatically gave instructions for a ceasefire. At 7: 32 am on July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin put on the lunar module and talked to the ground command center. Soon, the lunar module was separated from the spacecraft, and the spacecraft continued to fly in the lunar orbit, while the lunar module began to land and slowly descended in the elliptical orbit.

(10) On July 2/kloc-0, at 5 am, the lunar module landed on the moon successfully. The astronauts who landed on the moon excitedly reported to the Houston ground center that they had successfully landed. Houston Ground Center is also pleased to congratulate them on their success.

(1 1)2 1 morning 1 1 point 39, the door of the lunar module was opened. 1 1: 5 1, Armstrong went down the stairs and landed on the moon. The moon is full of tiny particles, a bit like the beach of the earth. Then, Delin also came to the moon. This is a great moment. This is a great progress for mankind. The exact time of this moment is1969 July 21June 1 1: 56: 20. This is a milestone in human exploration of space.

(12) As soon as they reached the surface of the moon, Armstrong and Aldrin immediately began to work intensively. They have many tasks, but the oxygen they breathe is very limited, only four hours. Therefore, we must seize every minute. They checked the landing of the lunar lander and found that everything was normal; They took out shovels and collected samples of lunar soil and lunar rocks. They took a monument out of the lunar module and set it up on the moon. The monument is engraved with images of the eastern hemisphere and the western hemisphere of the earth, as well as:

1969 In July, the planet of the solar system, the human on the earth, left footprints on the moon for the first time. On behalf of all mankind, we are here for a peaceful trip.

Then Aldrin took out the TV camera from the lunar module and installed it on the surface of the moon. They also installed a solar wind measuring device to detect cosmic rays; Also installed a laser instrument to accurately measure the distance between the moon and the earth; A lunar seismograph for measuring lunar earthquakes was installed. They took out the American star-spangled banner and put it solemnly on the moon. After these tasks were completed, they breathed a sigh of relief and made the first call between the moon and the earth with American President Nixon. The president warmly congratulated them on their successful landing on the moon.

(13) Three hours passed quickly, and there was only enough oxygen in their oxygen bag for one hour. Houston ground center ordered them to stop operation and return to the lunar module from the moon. They carefully boarded the lunar module, took off their moon suits, changed into the space suits on board, ate a delicious lunch and slept sweetly for seven or eight hours.

(14)1at 0: 00 on July 22, 969, the Houston ground center woke up Collins in the spacecraft and two astronauts on the lunar module, and ordered the lunar module to ascend to a certain orbit around the moon and dock with Apollo 1 1 spacecraft. The engine of the lunar module started, rising and accelerating, and entering the predetermined orbit. At 6: 35 am on the 22nd, it successfully docked with the "Apollo 1 1" spacecraft waiting there. Three astronauts met over the moon and shook hands excitedly in the narrow command module. The lunar module has completed its historical mission, so it is not economical to bring it back to earth. So, it was left in space.

(15) The spacecraft began to return to the distant earth. At the early morning of 25th 1: 35: 8, it entered the earth's atmosphere at a proper angle. When descending to the height of 4,000m, three large parachutes were opened in the air, and the Apollo 1 1 spacecraft landed in the predetermined sea area accurately and was rescued by the navy waiting there.

Man landed on the moon for the first time. This great expedition traveled 760,000 kilometers and lasted 195 hours. Three astronauts completed their expedition to another planet.

(17) Shortly after returning from the moon landing, that is,1September, 969 16, three astronauts went to the U.S. Capitol to give a speech at the joint session of Congress and talk about their feelings about landing on the moon.

Armstrong talked about the significance of landing on the moon. He commented on their "small step" from the lunar module to the moon: "This small step is a small step for a person; It is a huge leap for all mankind. "

Practice note

Read the text quickly and silently, try to draw a schematic diagram of the whole process of landing on the moon and give a brief explanation.

This question stimulates students' imagination. As long as you can draw a schematic diagram in chronological order. Instructions should be concise and to the point.

2. Read the following paragraphs and discuss with your classmates: Why is the first moon landing "a great leap for all mankind" and a milestone in human exploration of space?

1. This small step is a small step for a person; This is a huge leap for the whole mankind. (Armstrong)

2. The first step to set foot on the moon is also to set foot on the planets in the solar system, and finally set foot on other planets in space. "One small step for one person" is a fact, and "One giant leap for all mankind" is a hope for the future. (Aldrin)

3.21~ In the 22nd century, human beings will emigrate to the moon and establish the Moon Village. Moon Village will use solar energy for heating, use the water found on the moon to produce vegetables and grains, and establish various living facilities. The important task of Moon Village is to mine helium 3 and transport it back to the earth, and use this heat energy to generate electricity and supply the electricity needed by the whole earth. Mankind will also develop tourism and let the people of the earth visit the Moon Village. (He Xiuxiu)

The purpose of this question is to examine students' understanding of the great significance of landing on the moon. Before that, human beings had fantasized about the moon in the past and produced many myths and legends and science fiction works, but they had never really been to a planet other than the earth. The success of "Apollo" moon landing program made human dreams come true, and human beings began to go to planets other than the earth, indicating that modern technology has reached the development level of outer space, and human beings will not be confined to the earth, and the future is bright. Students can answer as they like. There is no "standard answer" to this question.

According to the following situations, expand your imagination and write a paragraph of one or two hundred words.

You are driving a spaceship, looking for alien life in the vast space. It's been several days since you left the earth. At this time, through the porthole, you see a beautiful blue planet. ...

This topic is mainly to stimulate students' imagination. Teachers should not impose any restrictions on students' imagination, and the words should be as vivid as possible.