Who's Victor Frank?

Viktor Emil Frankl1905.03.26-1997.09.02, Austrian psychologist and psychiatrist, the founder of the third school of Vienna psychotherapy, meaning therapy and existential psychoanalysis. Born in a poor Jewish family in Vienna, Austria, 1, died of heart failure in Vienna, Austria. All freedom, all truth and all meaning depend on the choices made and carried out by individuals. -Austrian psychologist Victor Frank. In childhood, his father was a loyal and upright civil servant with a strong sense of responsibility and principle, and his mother was a devout and kind Jew from Prague. He is the second child in the family, with a brother and a sister. He lived in poverty as a child and begged on the farm. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, his chemistry teacher thought that, in the final analysis, the life analysis of organisms was nothing more than chemical combustion, which caused Frank to question and be curious about the meaning of life. After entering middle school, he was attracted by Freud's theory. At the same time, he also read the works of A. Adler, and especially appreciated Adler's theory. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, he became a passionate advocate of Adler School, especially interested in the philosophical views in psychoanalysis, and began to think about life. When he was 0/6 years old, he wrote to Freud. Once he sent Freud an article about Schopenhauer's psychoanalysis, which was appreciated by the latter and published in the International Journal of Psychoanalysis three years later. In high school, he actively joined the local youth socialist workers' organization, and his concern for people also made him transfer his interest to psychology. After graduating from high school, he entered the Medical College of Vienna University. 1923. 1925, he met Freud who had admired him for a long time. This year, his psychotherapy and worldview were published in the International Journal of Individual Psychology edited by Adler. During his study in medical college, he combined mental health care with philosophy, especially discussing the significance and value of mental health care, which became the center of his future research work. From 1928 to 1929, Frank organized free psychological counseling centers for minors in Vienna and six other cities, and worked for university psychiatric centers. 1930 obtained the doctor's degree in medicine and was promoted to assistant professor of the Medical College of Vienna University. 1933, he took over a psychiatric ward for women who committed suicide. By 1937, Frank started his own business, engaged in the treatment of neurological disorders and mental diseases. A year later, Germany invaded Austria, and his sister immigrated to Australia. He and his family are actively seeking visas to apply for the United States. 1939, he obtained an American passport and visa, but in order to take care of his elderly parents, he finally decided to stay in Vienna with his fiancee Tilly Gross. 1942, Frank married his fiancee. In September of the same year, he and his family, including his newlywed wife, were arrested by the Nazis and detained in the Nazi concentration camp in Tracey Enshi Tate, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. His father soon starved to death in Bohemia. 1944 was sent to Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland with his wife, and soon his mother was sent here and died in the gas chamber there. Later, he was transferred to Kaufering concentration camp and Turkheim concentration camp in Germany. His mother and brother were brutally killed by the Nazis in 1944. He missed his wife very much and died in Bergen-Barzen concentration camp before Nazi surrender. 1945 was rescued by American troops on April 27th. After the war in his later years, he returned to Vienna, only to find that his family died in Nazi concentration camps. Only when he was considered useful as a doctor was he spared. He taught at the Medical College of Vienna University, during which he fell in love with his assistant Eleonore Schwindt and got married on 1947. He is also a professor of neurology at Vienna General Hospital 197 1 year. 1948 received a doctorate in philosophy, and in the same year served as an associate professor of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Vienna. 1950, he founded the Austrian Psychotherapy Association and served as its chairman. Later, he was promoted to be a professor at the Medical College of Vienna University until 1990. 1992, his friends and family set up the Victor Frank Institute for him. It is precisely because of the tragic experience of the concentration camp that he developed a positive and optimistic philosophy of life, just as he often quoted Nietzsche's sentence: "If you can't beat me, it will make me stronger" and make him live a healthy and happy life for the rest of his life. At the age of 67, he got a pilot's license. At the age of 80, he was still able to climb the Alps and give a speech to promote meaningful therapy all over the world. The editor attributed Frank's contribution to psychology, mainly because he created meaning therapy with his own experience. The so-called meaning therapy refers to helping patients understand the meaning of their own lives from life, thus changing their outlook on life, and then facing the reality, living positively and optimistically, and fighting for the meaning of life. 1926, he first used the word "meaningful therapy" in a public speech. Before he went to prison, his thoughts had been formed and the manuscript to explain them had been completed. His life in Nazi concentration camps not only profoundly tested some of his basic concepts, but also made him feel the powerful meaning of life with real feelings. Frank began to accept psychoanalytic thought in his early years, had positive contact with Freud, the originator of psychoanalysis, and was directly taught by Adler. He also has a keen interest in philosophy. I also had personal contacts with the existentialist master Heidegger. Logotherapy is essentially an existential analysis method. The difference between psychoanalysis and psychoanalysis is that it stands in a broader field of vision, based on human nature, deeply discusses life problems, and makes patients get the meaning of life through the diagnosis of life problems. The theory of meaning therapy is based on a philosophy of life, which has three interrelated basic beliefs: freedom of will. People are not free in the material, psychological and social world, but they can go beyond these restrictions and enter the spiritual level. There are only two kinds of people who are not free-willed, one is a mental patient, and the other is a philosopher who believes in determinism. He's will to meaning holds that the basic motivation of human beings is "the will to pursue meaning". When a person's will to pursue meaning is frustrated, he will turn to pursue happiness and power as compensation. The most basic ability of human beings is to find a reason for individuals to endure any situation and stick to it, hoping to enrich their lives and provide a meaningful and valuable recognition of their existence. The meaning of life varies from person to person and from time to time. The most important thing is to understand the specific meaning of personal life at a specific time. The above three basic assumptions constitute the theoretical basis of logotherapy, and all three are indispensable. Freedom of will is the psychological premise for the will to seek meaning. Without the freedom of will, it is impossible for people to choose their own attitude towards life, and they can only passively accept the domination of demand. The will to seek meaning is the driving force of the meaning of life. People's pursuit of meaning and tendency make people explore the meaning of life no matter what kind of living environment. There are four main points in his view of the meaning of life in this paragraph. We can't ignore any basic concept of human nature, whether it is biological or spiritual. There are three levels of human existence, namely, body, mind and spirit, of which the spiritual level is the highest. Although a free man can't be exempted from the three restrictions of biological, psychological or social conditions, he still has the freedom to choose and decide whether to obey it or to resist it freely in the face of these restrictions. The first responsibility of the person in charge is conscience. People are free, and responsibility is more important than freedom. People have the responsibility to realize the unique meaning of personal life, but also to be responsible for other things, whether it is society, humanity, all mankind or themselves. Self-transcendence The characteristic of human existence is self-transcendence, not self-realization, and the characteristic of human being is "pursuing meaning" rather than "pursuing self". The true meaning of life must be found in the world, not in the spiritual level. He pointed out from the phenomenon analysis of human behavior experience that the meaning of life will change, but it will never lose its meaning, and summarized three ways to find the meaning of life. He believes that ordinary people can get the meaning of life by realizing the following three values: creative value refers to the realization of personal value through certain types of activities, that is, the road to merit or achievement, that is, the meaning of work. For example, discover the meaning of life through personal work, hobbies, sports, services, self-dedication or contribution, and relationships with others. The value of experience is realized by accepting and feeling the world, that is, by experiencing something or someone (love) to discover the meaning of life. Such as: appreciating art, embracing nature, talking with people, experiencing the feeling of love, etc. Attitudinal values The attitude a person decides to adopt when facing an unchangeable fate (guilt, death or painful persecution) is the meaning of suffering and the highest value of human existence. Such as: personal life beliefs or values. He believes that the most primitive motivation of human beings is the will to seek meaning. When people feel meaningless to their own lives, their actions will lose their basis, and they will be troubled by the "emptiness of existence", that is, the will to seek meaning will suffer setbacks, which is what meaning therapy says. Many related psychological symptoms or diseases are caused by this. People in this situation can find their own life goals with the help of logotherapy or through self-exploration. After a person has a goal in life, he will feel that life is meaningful. Frank found that 40% of European students have felt that life is meaningless, while the number of students in the United States is as high as 8 1%. Another survey was conducted by Johns Hopkins University, including 7948 students from 48 universities. Results 78% people said that their first goal was to find the meaning of life, and only 16% people wanted to make big money. The theory of meaning therapy puts forward ten unique views on people: people are individuals and people are their own units, because people are inseparable. People are not only individuals, but also a whole. According to the law of meaning therapy, a person cannot be divided or established by the sum of its parts. Everyone is a brand new individual. There are two people in the world, they can be very close in spirit, but they can't merge. People are spiritual. The function of an organism is only as a tool to help people complete the tasks waiting for him in life. People exist dynamically, and every moment of people's existence presents opportunities for decision-making, which involves the freedom of decision-making and relative responsibility. People are self-directed. He thinks that man's spirituality is higher than Freud's superego, and that man is self-guided, not self-driven. Because of this, people can love and be loved and understand each other, instead of using and manipulating people as things. Human beings are a unified whole. According to logotherapy's law, man is a three-dimensional whole and an entity composed of body, mind and spirit. People are dynamic. People are not in a state of balance and stability, and always strive for an ideal state from the present situation. We can't decide what our conscience wants to tell us. We can only decide how to respond and act on our conscience. Animals are not people. Animals can't understand suffering, but people can attribute it to natural factors or anything we impose on it for some purpose. Only when people surpass themselves can they understand themselves. People are human because they can transcend their own limitations and make their existence full of meaning. In his masterpiece "Man in Search of Meaning", he tells an experience in a concentration camp: he and a group of prisoners were forced to trudge somewhere to lay a railway track, and one of them mentioned that he didn't know the fate of their wives, which reminded him of his new wife. At that moment, he realized that although he didn't know the whereabouts of his wife, she "existed" in his heart. He wrote: "People can be redeemed through love. I understand that a person who has nothing in this world may still feel happy when he thinks of the person he loves, even for a short time. " He received honorary doctorates from 29 universities around the world, taught in 209 universities, published 32 books and translated them into 32 languages. His book "Man's Search for Meaning" has sold 9 million copies, and he is also an honorary member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His existential analysis is called the third psychotherapy school in Vienna after Freud's psychoanalysis and Adler's individual psychology. Edit the main works of this paragraph as meaningful: people's will to seek meaning, unconscious needs that God can't hear-the voice of meaning, psychotherapy in practice, Logotherapie und Existenzanalyse analysis, 1987 Significance in psychotherapy: Die Sinn Frage in der psychotherapy, 1985 doctor and soul: doctor and soul, reason for existence, theme of life, psychotherapy in practice: Die Psychotherapie in der Praxis, 1986 people before the meaning problem: Dermenschvor der Fragnach Demsinn, 1985 In Frank's The Call of Meaning, he mentioned that he was born at No.6 Jierning Street, and A. Adler, the founder of individual psychology, once lived at No.7 diagonally across the street. Reflections on Victor Frank's "Living the Meaning —— From Concentration Camp to Existentialism": The greatest human disaster in the 20th century was World War II, among which the most cruel was the persecution and slaughter of Jews by Nazis. Concentration camp is a terrible word, and it is also the last part I want to read, read newspapers and watch movies. They are not only angry at the brutal nature of fascism as human beings, but also feel sad for those Jews who are suffering, unable to bear children, and their lives are like straw. As the author of "The Meaning of Living-From Concentration Camp to Existentialism" wrote at the end of this book: "... we need to know what people are. After all, [man] invented the Auschwitz media [existence]; But at the same time, [people] also go straight into the gas chamber and read the scripture of God or Jewish prayer (that is, you should love the Lord wholeheartedly and love your God). Frank, a Jew who lives in a concentration camp and walks through death every day, questioned this human being and gave a special solution to this problem: logotherapy law. Frank (1905- 1997) is a famous psychologist in Austria. He was put into a Nazi concentration camp in World War II. After a narrow escape, his parents, brother and wife all died in the concentration camp. Frank survived with strong perseverance. After he was released from prison, he wrote his experience in the concentration camp "The Meaning of Living-From Concentration Camp to Existentialism". This is an outstanding work. Different from other works involving Jewish concentration camps during World War II, this book not only reflects the truth, but also reflects these historical facts and creates on the basis of reflection. The author, Dr. Frank, discovered the logotherapy Method through his life experience in a concentration camp, which is a pioneering work in the field of psychology. In this work, the author vividly contains the cruel state that life in the concentration camp is worse than death, that is, if you want to die, you must live and live. As a survivor of the Holocaust, the author discovered the motivation of survival and the meaning of life in the ruthless years by personally experiencing the feeling of cruel persecution, and was able to implant it into the research field of psychology, and found that [meaning therapy] was a great invention of existentialism philosophy in the 20th century. Professor Gordon Ober wrote in the preface of this book, "Dr. Frank introduced himself and described in detail how he found [meaningful therapy] from his own personal experience. He used to be a prisoner in a concentration camp, and his long prison life left him with nothing but a sigh of relief. His parents, brother and wife either died in the prison camp or were sent to the gas chamber. The whole family died, leaving only him and his sister. How can a person who has lost everything, is hungry and cold, and is in danger of death at any time think that life still has value? A psychologist who has personally experienced this terrible experience must be worthy of our attention. A man like him is bound to be able to weigh the human situation with wisdom and compassion. The meaning of living-from concentration camp to existentialism is divided into two parts: autobiography and the interpretation of logotherapy law. The author has been put into a concentration camp and endured all kinds of inhuman treatment, so he has a particularly deep understanding of the pain and frustration. He believes that people's pursuit of meaning is the original motive force of life and the most unique part of people. People can live or die for their own ideals and values. In his view, the motivation for people to live is to find meaning: as long as people know why they are alive, they can bear any suffering; And no matter what the situation, there is room for free choice.