Seek Japanese history! ! The most important point is the people's living conditions and the living conditions and social status of Japanese women from the early years of the Republic of China to the e

Seek Japanese history! ! The most important point is the people's living conditions and the living conditions and social status of Japanese women from the early years of the Republic of China to the end of the Anti-Japanese War. Kusunoki Masashige (1294— 1336) was the military commander in the northern and southern dynasties.

1 192, the kamakura shogunate was established, the shogunate took power and the emperor became a puppet. Emperors after the Emperor of Bird Language inherited his ambition and waited for his downfall.

1324 (the first year of Daigo-China), Weiqi, who had been trying to overthrow the shogunate and restore the emperor's rule, instructed Japanese ministers such as Hino and Zizhaoye to conspire to discuss the curtain, but failed (that is, "change in China"), but the secret activities against Tojo's shogunate never stopped.

133 1 year (the first year of Justin, Japan) In April, Daigo, a chess player, secretly planned to break the curtain and Hino, Ji Jun was killed (that is, "the change of Yuan Hongzhi"). In August, Daigo, a Weiqi player, announced his "dynamic driving", fled to Kasai Mountain with three artifacts symbolizing the throne and his relatives, and sent near officials to Feng Jingen countries to pay a visit to Wu Guqin. He was supported by Wu Guqin, who was dissatisfied with Kitano's injustice, and Kusunoki Masashige, who had a strong yearning for the king of Qin, led the army to battle.

Kusunoki Masashige's name was first recorded in Volume III of Taiping Ji, which wrote:

August 27th, the first year of Justin (133 1), was the day when Li Xing set up a mountain. This hall was used as a palace to recruit warriors from all over the world, but no one came to apply. The emperor felt very bored, and then unconsciously slept well, and had a dream: in front of the courtyard of Chenziting, there was an evergreen tree with lush foliage, and its branches extending southward grew well. Under its shade, three officials and hundreds of officials sat in turn; The seat facing south has a high cushion and no one is sitting. The emperor wants to know who this seat is for. Just as I was thinking, two children who sent the police suddenly appeared, kneeling in front of the sky and wiping their tears with their sleeves, saying that there was no place for the emperor to live under the tree, but there was a seat facing south, which was for the emperor. Please sit there for the time being. The two children flew into the sky during the conversation. Soon, the emperor woke up from his dream.

The emperor thought it was a dream entrusted to him by heaven, so he explained it in detail and added the word "south" next to the word "wood" to make it a word "south". After dawn, the emperor asked the monks in the temple if there was a samurai named Nan nearby. The monk said that there was a man named Nan Duo Men Bing Wei, who was a descendant of four emperors of Ming Chengzu and Zhu Zhu, the left minister. So the emperor immediately ordered Kusunoki Masashige to be called.

On September 3rd of the same year, Cheng Zheng went to Dachishan to see the Emperor. The next day, he returned to Akasaka to prepare for a bus ride.

Unexpectedly, jinze town, the northern general, quickly captured Li's mountain, and the emperor and others were arrested. Then the shogunate army attacked Akasaka in four ways (first, the Great Buddha is true wisdom, second, Zezhen Jin East, third, Takeda is true, and fourth, Ashikaga). Akasaka is backed by mountains to the south and cliffs to the southeast. There is only one passage to the north, and the terrain is dangerous. Although Cheng Cheng had only a few hundred troops, his morale was high, he occupied a geographical position, and he repeatedly made strange moves, which made the attack of the shogunate army stagnate. However, the curtain army managed to cut off the route for providing foodstuff in the city, and finally captured Akasaka City, while Prince Hu Liang, Situqing and Cheng Zheng escaped respectively. The fugitive princes of Shi Jinchuan, Hu Liang and Yamato. Cheng Zheng fled to Mount Kumgang and secretly traveled between Hanoi, Jiyi and He Quan, recruiting and plotting to make a comeback.

In the second year of Yuan Hong (1332), in March, when Bei Tiaozi was in high school, he established the Emperor of Yan Guang together with the ministers of Jimyoin faction, abolished Go Daigo as Emperor, and exiled him to Yinqi Island. Zunliang Prince was demoted to Tosa, and Zuncheng Prince was demoted to praise. In June of the same year, Prince Hu Liang planned to end his career in Yi Shi. In the autumn of the same year, Kusunoki Masashige once again sent troops to recapture Akasaka. At this time, the diligent armies of various countries rose to protect Yoshino, spread the heart of red pine, and the imperial clan of Kono lived, and dispatched troops respectively.

In February, with the help of the Wu family in Kyushu, Takeshi Kikuchi and Asuwei, Weiqi escaped from the gap, and Aoyu's intermediary family also opposed the North Island family's sending troops, and its momentum soared.

After Kusunoki Masashige recaptured Akasaka City, he returned to Mount Kumgang and built a thousand swords to break the city (the Thousand Morning City), which was used as a base to fight against the North Island. Later, the curtain army captured Akasaka City and took advantage of the situation to attack and break the city. Nanmu army fought to the death in World War I, and the nearby samurai were ordered to cut off the food supply to the curtain army. The curtain army had to retreat, and thousands of troops broke through the city to clear the way.

In April of the third year of Justin (1333), Genji, who was ordered by Kitajima to suppress the disorderly party, led the Ashikaga clan to defect and surrendered to the emperor. On May 8, Ashikaga Rondo, Akamatsuzawa Village and a thousand loyal sages captured six Polos and recovered Kyoto. In the same month, Xintian Yibing laid siege to Kamakura, and Ashikaga's in-laws and shogunate came to power. Chiqiao refused to surrender to the joint forces of Ashikaga and Xintian on time and died at random. On 26th, most people committed suicide in Tojo Gao Zhihe shogunate, and the Kamakura shogunate perished. On June 5th, Daigo also abolished Emperor Yan, implemented the New Deal, and started Jianwu Zhongxing.

After returning to Beijing, Go player Daigo practiced the ideal unified politics. One is to abolish Guan Bai (the minister who assisted the emperor) and personally handle state affairs; Secondly, it confirmed the territory under the jurisdiction of Jimyoin, the god of the imperial garden, and the territory of major temples and shrines; The third is to reward merit; The fourth is to restore the central government's record office and the newly established miscellaneous litigation decision office.

The merit-based reward is implemented by a special "reward party". Kusunoki Masashige remained loyal to the emperor from the time he took Mount Li, a blind alley in Daigo, to the completion of restoration, and vigorously expanded the loyalist. However, Cheng Zheng was very modest and attributed the credit to Kikuchiwu. He said, "Justin is brave. Although many people have worked hard, why did you save your life?" People who rely on their own efforts to save their lives are also humane in martial arts, especially loyalty. "

As a result, Ashikaga Gao's family took the lead, ranking fourth, and was given a name to respect teachers. Kusunoki Masashige gave him the title of Guardian of Hanoi, Shelf and He Quan, and he was not a disobedient second lieutenant Salmon. His official position is the fifth. Some family warriors expressed dissatisfaction with this reward, but Cheng Zheng didn't care, and still assisted the Emperor, or decided to handle affairs in miscellaneous complaints, or to protect the Emperor's visit to Shimizu Shrine in Kyoto, or to crusade against the remnants of the Northern Party.

Jianwu New Deal did not achieve the expected effect of Go Daigo. In order to ensure the power of the emperor and prevent the recurrence of the Tokugawa era, he deliberately favored the public forces, which caused the dissatisfaction of the Zhongwu family.

1June 335 (the second year of Jianwu),1July 4, Kitajima, son of Kitajima Takashi, reorganized the party surplus, and militarists from Austria and other places flocked to respond, and the Kitajima army was on a roll and invaded Musashi and other countries. Weiqi Daigo thought it was a good opportunity to improve public power. Ignoring the opposition of military leaders such as Ashikaga Kazuo, he ordered the outgoing minister Kosuke Kitajima. Prince Hu Liang thinks Ashikaga is very dangerous and unhappy. He plans to launch a mutiny in Kyoto, in an attempt to crusade against the Zuli Zun family. After the defeat, he was arrested by the emperor and sent to Ashikaga prison for detention. Soon the northern army captured Kamakura, and Ashikaga Tadayoshi, the younger brother of the respected teacher, sent someone to kill Hu Liang before retreating, causing an insurmountable line between Ashikaga and the Emperor to enter Kamakura. Ashikaga has long been disappointed and dissatisfied with the new policy of Jianwu. During the Kamakura crisis, the emperor forbade him to send troops to rescue. After the fall of Kamakura, the respected teacher once again asked for the right to send troops to participate in the war, but failed. So he led the private soldiers of the Ashikaga family to leave Kyoto without authorization and go to Sanhe Ashikaga fief to face the northern strip. Later, he claimed to be the general of foreign invaders and the general in pursuit. In August, he defeated Kitajima in Sagamikawa and recovered Kamakura.

After the uprising of respecting teachers in Ashikaga, the forces of Wu, who were dissatisfied with the government's new policy of governing the country, and Genji, who was loyal to Ashikaga, immediately concentrated under the banner of respecting teachers, with great momentum. The court in Guodaigou deprived the official position of respecting teachers, and mobilized military forces loyal to the people such as Xintian Yizhen to suppress them. At first, the loyalist won, and later lost to the Ashikaga Army under Sagami Hakone-machi.

1At the end of February, 335, the army of Zulikou respected teachers attacked Kyoto, which shocked the Qing Dynasty. The ministers were at a loss, and military strategists from all over the country invested in Ashikaga's account. Only Xintian and Nanmu sent troops to defend the capital, and Xintian led the loyalist main force to defend the front. There are thousands of troops in Nanmu, Dahe, Hanoi, Hequan, Jiyi and Iga.

The pioneer of the First Step Venerable Master met the Cheng Zheng army and fought in Ujibashi for five days and five nights. As a result, Cheng Zheng retreated, and the Ashikaze Zun drove people to Beijing. In the first year of Yanyuan (1336), Zunshi invaded Kyoto, and Weiqi Daigo fled to Dushan. At this time, however, the Eastern Expedition Army within Beifan rushed back in time and was attacked by forces such as Xintian and Nanmu, repelling the Ashikaga Army. Then Cheng Zheng and Yizhen defeated Zunshi in Hyogo Prefecture, and Zunshi and Naichi fled to Kyushu.

1May, 336, with the support of military personnel from Kyushu and Shikoku, Ashikaga made a comeback by respecting teachers, claiming to have 200,000 troops and 7,000 warships, with water (respecting teachers) and land (Zhiyi) approaching Kyoto. Daigo frightened to disgrace, immediately sent a letter to Kusunoki Masashige back to Beijing.

Kusunoki Masashige thinks it unwise to use our inferiority to resist the enemy's superiority. We should temporarily avoid the sharp edge of the enemy, let the emperor move to Dushan, return to Hanoi by himself, introduce Zuzun's army into Kyoto, and at the same time block the mouth of Chuanjiang River, cut off the enemy's grain transportation route, prevent the import of materials, and make the enemy in trouble. Then Dushan and Hanoi are attacked on both sides.

The plan was opposed by ministers or officials headed by Zhong Qing, the doorman, because it was humiliating. Go Daigo didn't want to back down in front of his teacher and didn't adopt it. Instead, he let it go to war. At this moment, Kusunoki Masashige seems to have realized his destiny. He led the army to the Sakurai post, sent his 1 1 year-old son back to his hometown, told the funeral, and decided to fight to the death. The sad scene of father-son farewell is heartbreaking. Saigō Takamori once wrote a poem: After diligent teaching, tears filled his eyes, and he won a thousand prizes here. Sakurai blossoms, and the fragrance still entertains the old Nanshan.

The coalition forces of Xintian and Nanmu were deployed in Hotan Point-the front line of Cuochuan, and it was sufficient for the teachers to do feint action warfare, so that the fleet of pioneer Hosokawa Dingchan could plug in its own standard from Emperor Yan Guang, disguise itself as a handsome ship passing Hotan Point, and suddenly head for Kobe. Xintianyi believed it, gave up the pursuit of coastal positions, and led the troops deep between Xintian and Nanmu. Xintian mistakenly thought that Ashikaga's main force had landed.

Kusunoki Masashige expected that the battle would fail, but in order to repay the emperor's kindness, he was determined to fight to the death. He led more than 700 people to ride in Susie's Seed River to support Shinta Ichiro. At this time, Yizhen of Xintian led 25,000 people to ride on the Hotan Imperial Fort to meet the main force of Zun, and 5,000 people in Kichinosuke guarded the light island. The Guanfu family cooperated with more than 3,000 people on the south bank of Denglu Hall, but Yizhen and Cheng Zheng were separated by Hyogo Port and could not support each other.

1336 On May 29th, Cheng Zheng and Ji Zheng fought Ashikaga Tadayoshi in Beichuan (now Kobe). After several battles, Naichi's army was forced back by Kusunoki Masashige alone, and Naichi's mount was shot down by an arrow. Once in a dangerous place, I finally had to retreat in the direction of Ueno and had to go to the ground. Kira yamato, Shitang and Shangshan, relatives of Ashikaga's respected teacher, rode to the rescue. Nanmu army fought fiercely with it for several hours, causing heavy casualties. In spite of this, Cheng Zheng still refused to give in and led the beaten army to continue to resist. Finally, he was injured several times and exhausted, but he went to an ordinary family in a village in northern Tuchuan to check his injuries. As many as 1 1, only 73 people were deployed and all were injured. It's really impossible to call again.

Cheng Zheng asked his brother Ji Zheng, "When it comes to good and evil, the whole life is liberated according to the last thought. Which of the nine realms (except Buddhism, namely Bodhisattva, Jue Yuan, Wensheng, Heaven, Man, Shura, Beast, Hungry Ghost and Hell) is your wish? "

"My only wish is that VII (the reincarnation of VII) can also be born on earth and destroy the enemies of the imperial court." Ji Zheng said with a smile.

"Sinful you and I both think so! In this case, let's change our lives together and realize this long-cherished wish! " Cheng Zheng said with a very happy expression.

So in order to "serve the seven lives of the country", the two brothers stabbed each other and died. Then the Kusunoki Masashige clan 13 and sixty men all committed suicide in the living room. It was1May 29th, 336, and I was 42 years old.

Ashizumi Zun's family was also very moved by Cheng Zheng's death. He gave his head to the survivors of Shui Yue in Hanoi and buried it in Ganxin Temple in Nagano, Hanoi.

Kusunoki Masashige's eldest son is waiting in line. A 1348) When his father died 1 1 year (or1year). He was very sad when he received his father's head. If he wanted to commit suicide, he was dissuaded by his mother, trained in court and vowed to avenge his father. During the period of rejuvenating the country in the Southern Dynasties (1340- 1349), they were named "Daidao" and "Uemon Wei", and their stepfathers' possessions were kept by Hanoi and Tianjin. 1347 (the second year of Zhengping in the Southern Dynasty, and the third year of Hezhen in the Northern Dynasty) 1 1 defeated Shixian and Mingshan Shishi in Hosokawa Morihiro in Uryunnuo, and defeated Amano in Shejin. After receiving the news of the failure of Renji Hotan Zhenyang, the first step plans to eliminate the influence of Nanmu and send Naomachi and Shitai brothers to attack Hanoi with 60,000 troops. They took their younger brothers, Tian Xianxiu and others to Yoshino to pay homage to the emperor and fight to the death. The following year, that is, 1348 (three years of zhengping in the southern dynasty and four years of Hezhen in the northern dynasty), 65438+10.2, a fierce battle was fought in Sitiaotian, and few soldiers were invincible. Finally, he stabbed his brother to death.

Since ancient times, Kusunoki Masashige's loyal and diligent deeds have been praised and praised by the Japanese, and his death has been worshipped by later generations, which is of course inseparable from his personality. During his tenure as a country, Hanoi and Hequan lord protector, Kusunoki Masashige once carried out policies such as tax reduction, reclaiming farmland, building water conservancy projects and persuading farmers to plant mulberry, which brought some benefits to the people.

Although Cheng Cheng still believes in old Buddhism like people in peacetime, it cannot be said that he has not been influenced by Zen. At that time, Zhu's learning had spread to Japan, while his learning of Go had spread to (). Du Qinghui's "New Notes" was presented to the emperor and He, which shows that the orthodox thoughts of Qin Fang and the third runner-up were the product of Song studies. Undoubtedly, the concept of loyalty and filial piety that prevailed in the Southern Song Dynasty also spread to Japan through Xue Zhu. Kusunoki Masashige's sending troops and the so-called thought of "serving the country in the seventh century" came from the orthodox thought and loyalty thought of Song Xue. According to textual research, Cheng Zheng's calligraphy style is also "Song Feng", which is completely different from the "Qinglian School" of Jinyong series. His Song studies were studied by Tiantai Sect.

"Taiping Ji" (40-volume "Joining the Army", according to legend, was written by Master Kojima in 1368- 1375) described Kusunoki Masashige as a good soldier with both wisdom, benevolence and courage, and a model of loyal officials and righteous men. With the wide spread of this book, Kusunoki Masashige's reputation has been greatly improved. Later, Kusunoki Masashige's personality and art of war were highly praised in Taiping Ji, Bi Shan Tu Lu, Chronicles of Past Dynasties, Wuyin Cheng Zhengchuan, Great Japan History Review and Japanese Foreign History. During the Edo period, Tokugawa Gwangju, who only respected Zhuzi's learning, advocated the theory of "sense of justice and separation of powers" and compiled the History of Great Japan. Starting from the orthodoxy (taking the Southern Dynasties as the orthodoxy), Kusunoki Masashige's tomb was rebuilt in Beichuan in 1692 (the third year of Luyuan), and the tombstone of "The Tomb of Nanzi, a loyal minister" was erected. The monument is three meters high, and behind it is the ode to Zhu Shunshui, a legacy of the Ming Dynasty, engraved by Yuan Chun Okamura, a calligrapher in Kyoto. From then on, Kusunoki Masashige was regarded by the Japanese as a model of loyal ministers, and his reputation was far-reaching, especially the people at the end of the curtain were influenced by him, which became the ideological basis for overthrowing the shogunate and establishing the Meiji government.

In the second year of Genji (1865), Shimazu Jiuguang, Keio (1867), Tokugawa Keisei and the first year of Meiji (1868) proposed to build a shrine to worship Kusunoki Masashige, which was finally established in the fifth year of Meiji (1872). Its memorial tablet was written by Emperor Meiji. In this way, Kusunoki Masashige completely changed from a man to a god, and was later regarded by warlords, fascists and imperialists as an example of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, driving the people to wage a war of aggression and work hard for them. Kusunoki Masashige was honored as a hero in pre-war primary school textbooks, instilling loyalty and patriotism in primary school students. After the war, Kusunoki Masashige's name was deleted from the textbook. However, in 1952, a shrine larger than Israel was built because of the burning of the Seed River Shrine in the war, and July of 12 was designated as Memorial Day, which aroused the souls of the dead war criminals and had a very bad influence.

Hirato

Pingmen (? -940) Military commander in the middle of Heian period. Emperor Kanmu's five-generation grandson, the son of Pingliang, was a general guarding the government. Also known as soma Kojiro. In his early years, he voted for Tadashi Fujiwara, the powerful minister of the Supreme Court. In about 930, he returned to his territory, Ape Island County, to manage private fields and build up the armed forces. Around 935, because of an uncle's marriage, there was a conflict, killing his uncle Ping Guo Xiang and defeating his uncle Ping Lianghe. In 939, he rose up against the imperial court, and his influence spread to eight countries, including Changlu, Musashi, Anfang and Xiangmo. He called himself the "new emperor", took Ishii township as the city, set up left and right ministers and officials from eight provinces, and made decrees to shake the Kyoto court. In 940, he was crusaded by the Prince of Pingxiang and killed by an arrow. History is called "Pingmen Rebellion"

The only time in Japan's own history until now that it openly rebelled against the imperial court of the Emperor Kyoto and stood on its own feet was Pingmen, who waged war in Kanto after the middle period of Heian. At the same time, it is also one of the four major resentments in ancient Japan.

Ota Road Irrigation, North Island Morning Clouds, Good Immortals.