How to establish an ecological value system

First of all, we should improve the property right system and use management system of natural resource assets.

Promote the management of real estate, formulate the Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate or the Implementation Measures for the Registration of Real Estate, and uniformly register real estate such as land, houses, grasslands, woodlands, waters, beaches and minerals. Improve the property right system of natural resources assets, establish and improve the evaluation system of natural resources assets, improve the trading platform of natural resources property rights, formulate the trading catalogue, improve the trading rules, implement the transfer and transfer of mining rights, and explore the establishment of a resource management mechanism that activates the right to use, guarantees the right to income and activates the right to transfer. Coordinate various plans and implement usage control. Establish a spatial planning system, delimit the control boundary between production and living and ecological space development, organize the implementation of the main functional area planning, prepare the implementation plan of ecological functional zoning, delimit the control boundary of basic farmland, do a good job in linking urban and rural planning with various types of planning, and determine the urban development boundary. We will improve the system of economical and intensive use, formulate regulations on economical and intensive use of land, deepen the reform of the system of paid use of state-owned construction land, improve the efficiency of land use, carry out pilot projects linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, develop low-energy green buildings, and formulate measures to control the total energy consumption. Improve the management system of natural resources assets, find out the specific contents and forms of ownership and supervision of various natural resources assets, sort out the functions and responsibilities of various departments in natural resources asset management, improve the natural resources supervision system, and uniformly exercise all responsibilities of land and space use control.

Secondly, establish an ecological compensation system.

Improve the ecological compensation mechanism of key ecological functional areas. Establish a financial transfer payment system for ecological functional areas, including ecological compensatory transfer payment, ecological protective transfer payment, regional guiding transfer payment and policy subsidies. Establish an ecological compensatory transfer payment system, based on ecological emergy, the lower the ecological environmental damage, the higher the ecological spillover value, and the greater the degree and intensity of compensation. Establish a transfer payment system for ecological protection, and give appropriate subsidies to the ecological protection expenditures arranged by local governments through their own financial resources. Establish a regional guiding transfer payment system, guide and improve the basic public service level of the ecological functional areas under its jurisdiction, implement cross-regional ecological compensation protection, and focus on solving various protection and development problems of prohibited development zones. Establish a policy subsidy system to subsidize the ecological restoration and geological disaster management in places where the state prohibits the development of large areas, large reservoirs across regions and other places with large ecological spillovers, as well as resource-exhausted cities.

Accelerate the establishment of compensation mechanisms in key areas. With the overall goal of river basin water ecological protection, we will actively carry out pilot projects for ecological benefit compensation of national important wetlands and national wetland parks, and explore the ecological compensation mechanism of wetlands. In view of the development of mineral resources, improve the deposit system for mine ecological restoration, raise the standard of deposit payment, reform the payment and refund methods, and establish the ecological risk compensation mechanism for heavy metal mining areas, mining areas around important ecological function areas, mining cities and historical mining areas. Timely implement the tourism feedback mechanism in key tourist areas. Improve the standard and intensity of ecological compensation for hydropower development. Establish an ecological migration mechanism. Comprehensive use of policy, intelligence, capital and other compensation means to promote the implementation of the ecological compensation system through multiple channels.

Gradually establish a market-oriented compensation mechanism. Actively promote the pilot of forest carbon sink trading, study and establish carbon sink measurement parameters and models with main tree species as the main body, and study and develop relevant forestry carbon sink project methodology. Explore the pilot of forest carbon sequestration compensation, establish the formation mechanism of forest carbon sequestration compensation market, and cultivate the market demand mechanism of forest carbon sequestration compensation. The implementation of energy saving, carbon emission rights, emission rights and water rights trading system. Develop the environmental protection market and explore energy conservation and emission reduction, carbon emission rights, emission rights, water rights and forest carbon sink trading. Establish a market-oriented mechanism to attract social capital to invest in ecological environmental protection, implement third-party pollution control, further strengthen urban infrastructure construction, and improve the socialized operation system of sewage treatment facilities. Promote the construction of emission trading and carbon emission reduction trading market, establish enterprise-level carbon emission and pollutant emission database, establish emission index purchase, storage, distribution and recycling system, develop new trading varieties, and gradually establish a horizontal emission trading market. Explore the development of financial derivatives and tools based on carbon assets.

Improve the ecological environment supervision system

The first is to promote the full implementation of the new environmental protection law. The new environmental protection law clearly stipulates the basic laws in the field of environmental protection, and stipulates the environmental protection rights, responsibilities and obligations of local governments, enterprises and institutions and the public. At present, there are 30 laws and 90 administrative regulations related to environmental protection in China, initially forming a system of laws and regulations on environmental protection. Environmental protection law is in an important basic position in the system of environmental protection laws and regulations, which is equivalent to the superior law in the environmental field. Other individual environmental protection laws, such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, should follow and obey the Environmental Protection Law when they are revised and implemented. Therefore, promoting the full implementation of the new environmental protection law can provide a solid legal basis and legal guarantee for the construction of ecological civilization.

Second, explore the control degree of ecological red line pipe. The purpose of delineating the red line of ecological protection is to establish the strictest ecological protection system, put forward higher regulatory requirements for ecological function guarantee, environmental quality and safety and natural resource utilization, and promote the balance of population, resources and environment and the unification of economic, social and ecological benefits. Under the framework of the red line of ecological protection, we will accelerate the construction of three systems: the baseline of ecological function guarantee, the baseline of environmental quality and safety, and the online utilization of natural resources. At the same time, strictly implement the planning of the main functional areas, establish the system of land space development and protection and the monitoring and early warning mechanism of resource and environmental carrying capacity, and carry out the evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity. According to the requirements of the ecological red line, study and formulate measures and measures for the protection and management of the ecological red line, strictly observe the designated ecological red lines such as forests, wetlands and species, and increase the punishment for crossing the line. Gradually incorporate the protection funds of the ecological red line area into the financial budget, clarify the financial allocation channels of the protection funds, and ensure that the work funds of the ecological red line area are guaranteed.

Third, improve the pollution control system. First, improve the pollutant discharge permit system and implement the total pollutant discharge control system. As soon as possible, establish a unified pollutant discharge permit system covering major pollutants in the whole country, standardize pollutant discharge behavior, and prohibit unlicensed pollutant discharge and excessive and total pollutant discharge. Enterprises and institutions are the main polluters, so it is necessary to implement the total pollutant discharge control system of enterprises and institutions, promote the total pollutant control with industry and regional characteristics, and closely link pollution reduction with industrial optimization and adjustment and regional environmental quality improvement, so as to increase production without increasing pollution or increasing production and reducing pollution. The second is to build a unified supervision and management system for all pollutant emissions. Taking the improvement of environmental quality as the starting point and the end result of environmental protection work, we should establish an environmental protection management system for unified supervision of all pollutant emissions, and strengthen unified supervision of pollutant emissions from industrial point sources, agricultural non-point sources, traffic moving sources and all pollutant-receiving media such as atmosphere, soil, surface water, groundwater and ocean. Strict environmental laws, regulations, policies and standards, comprehensive management, comprehensive elements, functions and means, comprehensive prevention and control of pollution. Coordinate and deal with the relationship between pollution control, total emission reduction and environmental quality improvement, and take the anti-degradation of environmental quality as a rigid constraint condition to ensure that the environmental quality of regions, river basins and sea areas does not decrease and the ecological service function does not decrease.

Fourth, improve the linkage mechanism of environmental early warning. First, improve the early warning and monitoring mechanism of resource and environmental carrying capacity. The resource endowment and environmental capacity of a certain area limit the economic and population scale it can support, determine the service function of ecosystem and the ability to provide ecological products, and are also important symbols of ecological civilization. According to the current situation and changes of ecological environment quality, key pollution sources endangering health and pollutant discharge in river basins and regions, a monitoring and early warning mechanism should be established to timely light up red lights in areas where water and soil resources and environmental capacity are overloaded, so as to promote the adjustment and optimization of development mode, industrial structure and layout. The second is to establish a regional linkage mechanism for ecosystem protection and restoration and pollution prevention as a whole. Do a good job in the protection and restoration of important ecosystems such as forests, wetlands and oceans, promote the benign interaction between river basins, coastal land areas and marine ecological environment protection, and promote the overall protection between coastal land areas and coastal waters, between different administrative regions in the upper and lower reaches of river basins, and between nature reserves and important ecological function protection areas. Establish a regional linkage mechanism for pollution prevention and control, and establish a joint prevention and control mechanism for key areas of air pollution prevention and control; For the prevention and control of water pollution, according to the unity of land and marine land space, it is necessary to combine marine environmental protection with land-based pollution prevention and control to promote the effective connection between marine environmental protection and river basin pollution prevention and control.

Fifth, strengthen the supervision mechanism of public participation. The construction of system of ecological civilization should give full play to the role of the masses and social organizations, and fully reflect the process of government, citizens, enterprises and other social organizations participating in the construction of ecological civilization. It is necessary to vigorously publicize the concept of ecological civilization and environmental protection knowledge, and raise the environmental awareness of the whole people. Strengthen the disclosure of environmental information and ensure the public's right to know, participate and supervise the environment. Timely disclosure of information related to people's livelihood and social concern, such as environmental quality monitoring, environmental impact assessment of construction projects, and enterprise pollutant discharge, and actively inform the society of environmental conditions and sudden environmental incidents. Listen to public opinions and suggestions on major decisions and construction projects involving the interests of the masses. Guide enterprises to further disclose environmental information truthfully and objectively, and supervise enterprises to disclose self-monitoring information of pollutant discharge according to regulations. Strengthen environmental label certification and advocate green consumption. Open complaint channels such as environmental protection letters and visits, 12369 environmental protection hotline, implement reward reporting, and encourage environmental public interest litigation. Establish the cooperation mechanism of relevant government departments and improve the participation and interaction mechanism of government, enterprises and organizations in environmental protection.

Implement the ecological priority assessment system

On the one hand, it is necessary to establish an assessment system with clear rewards and punishments. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that resource consumption, environmental damage and ecological benefits should be included in the evaluation system of economic and social development, and the target system, assessment methods and reward and punishment mechanism that reflect the requirements of ecological civilization should be established. Therefore, we must completely change our concepts and abandon the idea of heroes based on GDP. According to the orientation of the main function, the differentiated evaluation and assessment system will be implemented, and the assessment target system, assessment methods and reward and punishment mechanism that reflect the requirements of ecological civilization will be established. Strengthen the statistical accounting of resources and environment, cancel the restriction on the assessment of GDP in development zones and ecologically fragile national poverty-stricken areas, weaken the assessment of GDP in key ecological functional areas, implement performance assessment based on indicators such as ecological protection, quality of environmental factors, and development of low-carbon environmental protection industries, and incorporate them into the performance assessment of local people's governments. Commend and reward the relevant departments with excellent assessment, and implement accountability for the departments that fail to pass the assessment. The assessment results are an important part of the comprehensive assessment of leading cadres and an important basis for the selection and appointment of cadres.

On the other hand, it is necessary to establish an investigation system for ecological damage. Explore the preparation of natural resources balance sheet, formulate the overall framework of natural resources balance sheet preparation, and carry out research on the basic theory and accounting method of natural resources balance sheet. Explore the system of auditing the gains and losses of natural resources assets of leading cadres during their term of office and the system of lifelong accountability for ecological environmental damage, implement the audit of natural resources assets of leading cadres at all levels of government, and investigate administrative or criminal responsibilities for acts that cause major ecological environmental damage. Implement lifelong accountability system and criminal accountability system for ecological environmental damage, and promote the establishment of lifelong accountability system for leading cadres' ecological environmental protection responsibility. Establish an accountability system for corporate environmental protection, deter enterprises from illegally discharging pollutants, improve the compensation system for ecological environmental damage, and include ecological environmental damage in the scope of compensation. Establish an environmental damage appraisal and evaluation mechanism, reasonably identify and measure the scope and degree of ecological environmental damage, and provide strong support for the implementation of environmental responsibilities.

The construction of ecological civilization is a complex systematic project and a long-term strategic task. Accelerating the construction of system of ecological civilization is an important starting point for deepening the system reform, and it is also an institutional guarantee for building a beautiful China. To speed up the construction of system of ecological civilization, it is necessary to improve the green and efficient decision-making system, establish the ecological value evaluation system, improve the ecological environment supervision system, and implement the ecological priority assessment system, so as to link system of ecological civilization with various systems such as economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction.