How did Canada become an independent country?

The 1931 Act of Westminster and the 1982 Canadian Constitution gradually consolidated Canada's independent status. The following is the history of Canada:

The original inhabitants of Canada were the Indian ethnic groups and the Inuit people of the Arctic region (collectively referred to as the Aboriginal people of Canada). These ethnic groups lived in Canada at least 10,000 years ago. The first time Europeans visited Canada was around 1000. At that time, the Viking leader Leif Erikson (Red Bearded Erikson) from Northern Europe established a village in Newfoundland, Canada, but soon after The settlement was then swamped among the Indians. More sustained colonization was begun by the French around the 16th and 17th centuries.

In this land called New France, there was a continuous war between the French colonists and the British colonists, which finally ended with the victory of the British colonists and the Peace of Paris in 1763. Canada officially became a British colony. After the American Revolution, many British Loyalists immigrated to Canada. After the adoption of the Treaty of British North America, the British government established the Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867 and allowed it to be autonomous and governed jointly by British and French colonists. The 1931 Act of Westminster and the 1982 Canadian Constitution gradually consolidated Canada's independent status.

Canada adopts federal system, parliamentary system and constitutional monarchy. The head of the country is the Canadian monarch, who is also served by the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. The Queen's representative in Canada is the Governor-General of Canada. The Governor-General does not have any political affiliation. His responsibilities are to agree to bills in the name of the monarch, read the monarch's speech, sign national documents, declare the convening or dissolution of Parliament, and other national duties. The monarch (through the governor) is the head in name only. Some of his real powers are reserved for use in times of crisis, such as the power to declare war.

Federalism means:

Federalism is a form of national structure. It is a type of composite system as opposed to unitary system.

The green part is a country that implements federalism. A federal country is composed of various federal members, and each member unit existed before the federal country. Before the establishment of a federal state, federal member states were independent political entities with sovereignty; after joining the federation, although they no longer have completely independent sovereignty, within the scope provided by the federal constitution, the sovereignty of federal members is still protected by law. Specifically, it has the following rights (but not necessarily all rights): (1) Constitutional amendments (2) Maintaining regional integrity (3) Members have their own nationalities (4) The right to join and withdraw. When forming a federal state, the federal member states transfer their respective powers to the federal government while retaining some powers to manage internal affairs. The Federal Constitution clearly defines the powers uniformly exercised by the federal government and the powers reserved by the central government of each member state. That is, the power of the federation comes from the participation of each member state.

For example: Canada is no longer a British colony, but an independent Commonwealth country. There is almost complete sovereignty.

Dominion (English: Dominion) is a special national system under the colonial system of the British Empire. It can be said to be the last step towards independence for the colonies. In the 19th century, all British colonies that were autonomous or semi-autonomous, especially those that already had their own constitutional systems, such as Canada and Australia, were called Dominions. They all evolved from colonies (Crown Colony) or Self-Governing Colony (Self-Governing Colony) into autonomous territories. According to the 1867 Constitution Treaty (Constitution Act, also known as the British North America Acts, British North America Act), the British North American colonies formed a single Dominion of Canada (Dominion of Canada). The Canadian constitution has always been based on this British law. Although Canada is already an internationally recognized independent country, this special relationship between dominions existed until 1982, when the Canadian Parliament passed a new constitution and the British Parliament passed the Canada Act of 1982, which terminated the British power to amend the Canadian Constitution. Canada was truly Complete independence. The last British Dominion has since disappeared from history. Canada also changed the name of Dominion Day on July 1 to Canada Day (National Day).

Supplement:

At the beginning of the 20th century, the difference between dominions and autonomous colonies was that dominions had the status of a "nationhood" (that is, complete political independence), while autonomous colonies only had Autonomy in internal affairs, but the Dominion also has certain autonomy in diplomacy, national defense and international trade. Its autonomy in these areas gradually increased in the following decades until it completely controlled the relevant powers and became an independent country.