Land use suitability evaluation

(1) Grain and Cotton Mining Area in Taihang Mountain Area and Piedmont Plain

Located in the northwest of Henan Province, this sub-district consists of mountains, hills, intermountain basins and plains. Its soil is mainly brown soil and cinnamon soil. The region is rich in coal, limestone, iron ore and other mineral resources, with relatively developed industry and mining, and light and heavy industries coexist, making it an important energy base in China. In land development and utilization, vigorously develop soil and water conservation forests and water conservation forests, and implement the Taihang Mountain greening project; Combine small watershed management, develop mountainous and hilly areas, and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of land; At the same time, protect existing cultivated land, rectify sloping cultivated land, moderately develop reserve resources of cultivated land, and actively reclaim industrial and mining wasteland; Focus on ensuring land for energy base construction.

(2) North Henan Plain Grain, Cotton and Oil Development Zone.

This area is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and Haihe River basin in the northeast of Henan Province, with flat and low terrain and good irrigation conditions for diverting water from the Yellow River. Its soil is mainly fluvo-aquic soil, and sandy land and saline-alkali land are developed. The overall utilization level of land is not high. The region is rich in oil and natural gas reserves and is an important petrochemical production base. In the development and utilization of land, we should expand the paddy field area, optimize the agricultural planting structure and improve the land benefit. Further establish and improve the irrigation and drainage system and farmland forest network system to improve agricultural production conditions. Actively adjust the structure of agricultural production land and appropriately expand the fruit area in desert and saline-alkali land. At the same time, on the basis of ensuring the construction of petrochemical base, actively reclaim abandoned oil wells and abandoned sites.

2. Western Henan Division

Grain and fruit mining area in loess hilly region (1)

This area is located in the south bank of the Yellow River in the northwest of Henan Province, which belongs to the gentle slope zone of Xiong 'er Mountain and hill, and belongs to the loess hilly area except some mountainous areas in the southwest. Its soil is cinnamon soil, with low fertility, serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment, low and unstable agricultural production level and difficult land development and utilization. It is one of the main grain transit areas in the province. The region is rich in industrial mineral resources, and nonferrous metals and bauxite occupy an important position in the country. In terms of land use, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive management of loess hilly areas, take biological and engineering measures, improve the ecological environment and agricultural production conditions, and raise the level of agricultural production as soon as possible. It is necessary to comprehensively develop unused land, especially to strengthen the basic construction of farmland, actively reclaim abandoned pits, and gradually carry out land consolidation centered on changing slopes into ladders.

(2) Grain, cotton and forest areas in mountainous and hilly areas

This area is located in Funiu Mountain area and its piedmont hilly area, with complex natural environment and rich landform types. Its soil is mostly brown soil, yellow cinnamon soil, cinnamon soil and so on. The forest coverage rate in the whole region ranks first in the province, with abundant animal and plant resources, and great development potential of fruit industry and animal husbandry. The economic and social development level of counties and cities in the region is low, food is in short supply, and the contradiction between people and land is prominent. In the process of land development and utilization, it is necessary to implement comprehensive land development, vigorously adjust the agricultural production structure, make full use of abundant animal and plant resources, and turn resource advantages into economic advantages as soon as possible. The southern region should do a good job in the construction of the Yangtze River shelterbelt project; The northern region should appropriately develop timber forests and timber forest production, and focus on the construction of soil and water conservation forests and water conservation forests. It is necessary to coordinate the ecological reconstruction around Danjiangkou reservoir area, make good use of the opportunity of resettlement to plan the new village and concentrate the scattered farmers in the central village. It is necessary to strengthen the development of forest land and grassland in shallow mountain and hilly areas, at the same time improve the productivity of cultivated land, fundamentally ease the pressure of population growth and reduce the damage to the natural environment. Combined with the advantages of local resources, we will actively develop industries and township enterprises focusing on agricultural special products. Under the premise of strictly protecting cultivated land and not destroying the ecological environment, we will effectively supply industrial land and promote poverty alleviation in mountainous areas.

3. Central Henan Division

(1) Towns, industrial and mining areas in loess hilly plain

This area is located on both sides of the Yellow River and Weihe River basins in the north-central part of Henan Province, with Taihang Mountain in the northwest, loess hilly area in the west, shallow hilly transitional zone in the middle and vast plain in the east. Its soil types are diverse, mainly fluvo-aquic soil and brown soil, which are suitable for the growth of dry land crops and forest fruits. Cities in the region are relatively concentrated, with 15 large and medium-sized cities including provincial capitals and nearly 100 important towns. The "Eurasian Continental Bridge" runs through this area, forming a network structure widely distributed in large, medium and small towns. This is the most densely populated area in Henan Province and even Central China, and it is also the intermediate transition zone where the strategic focus of national economic development shifts from the east to the central and western regions. This area is also the most concentrated place of tourist attractions in Henan Province. With the establishment and development of the Central Plains urban agglomeration, this area will be the most concentrated area and external window of state-owned assets in Henan Province. In the development and utilization of land, it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between the protection of cultivated land and the development of economy, scientifically formulate the overall land use plan, change all kinds of construction land from extension expansion to connotation tapping potential, and make full use of idle land and stock land. Township enterprises should rely on market towns to concentrate in industrial parks. Ensure the key construction land for transportation, water conservancy and energy in the whole region and further optimize the allocation of land resources. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of basic farmland, improve the irrigation system from the Yellow River, and develop intensive and efficient agriculture and suburban agriculture. It is necessary to speed up the construction of villages and towns and increase cultivated land through village consolidation in a planned way. We should actively control the "three wastes" pollution caused by industry and tourism, expand the land for fruit and forest in the western region, and create a good ecological environment.

(2) Grain, cotton, tobacco and industrial and mining areas in the piedmont plain

This area is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, with hilly areas in the west and plain areas in the east. The soil in the plain area is mainly fluvo-aquic soil with good texture and high organic matter content, which is the main producing area of wheat, corn, tobacco and sesame in Henan Province. The western hilly region is rich in mineral resources, with huge reserves of coal and iron ore. There are bauxite and salt mines in the central part, which occupy an important position in the country. The contradiction of land use in various industries in the region is more prominent. With the increase of population, the whole region will face a more severe situation of grain supply and demand. In land development and utilization, we should focus on protecting the existing cultivated land, increase agricultural investment, fully rely on science and technology, and carry out intensive high-yield, high-efficiency and high-quality development to fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient food supply in the whole region. Adhere to the road of connotation tapping potential and speed up the transformation of the old town of central town. Do a good job in the development layout of large and medium-sized industrial and mining enterprises and township enterprises and control the total amount of cultivated land occupied. Accelerate the development and construction of forest trees in hilly areas on the western edge of this area, strive to improve the ecological environment and agricultural production conditions, strengthen the development and reclamation of unused land and industrial and mining wasteland, and alleviate the contradiction between population increase and insufficient cultivated land.

4. Eastern Henan Division

(1) Grain, Fruit and Cotton Areas in Huanghuai Plain

This area is located in the alluvial-diluvial plain of the Yellow River in the east of Henan Province, with flat terrain. Soil types are mainly fluvo-aquic soil and saline-alkali soil, and some areas have black soil and paddy soil in Jiang Sha. Agricultural production conditions are good, and it is an important grain and cotton production base in Henan Province. Natural disasters such as sandstorm, drought, waterlogging and alkali are serious in all parts of the region, the agricultural production level is not improved quickly, and the grain output is low and unstable. Except for a small amount of coal resources in yongcheng city, the mineral resources in this area are poor, and the development level of comprehensive industrial production is not high. In land development and utilization, we should focus on protecting basic farmland, actively transform sandy wasteland and saline-alkali land, and focus on developing low-and medium-yield fields. It is necessary to build a large-scale farmland shelterbelt project in a planned way, continue to promote agro-forestry intercropping and agro-fruit intercropping, and give full play to its ecological protection role. Strengthen the consolidation of agricultural land and continuously improve the land utilization rate and output rate. In view of the large amount of rural residential land in this area and the excessive per capita, the existing land should be fully sorted out and the blind expansion of rural residential areas should be strictly restricted. At the same time, combined with the comprehensive development of efficient agriculture, the land for township enterprises such as agricultural and sideline products processing will be moderately increased to promote regional economic development.

(2) Grain, oil and hemp areas in Huaibei Plain

This area is located in the Huaihe River Basin in the east of Henan Province, with relatively flat terrain. The soil is mainly black soil and fluvo-aquic soil in Jiang Sha. This area has good agricultural production conditions and is an important commodity grain production base in Henan Province. There are no mineral deposits, lack of central cities, relatively backward industry and low overall level of economic and social development. In the development and utilization of land, we should vigorously regulate Huaihe River, Hongru River, Fenquan River, Yellow River and other rivers, improve farmland irrigation and drainage system, raise flood control and waterlogging prevention standards, and improve agricultural production conditions. Strengthen the protection of basic farmland, build sesame, cotton and wheat production bases, and gradually expand the rice planting area. Vigorously develop water areas, actively develop aquaculture, and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of water surfaces.

5. South Henan Division

Nanyang Basin (1) Grain, Cotton and Oil Development Zone

This area belongs to Hanshui River Basin, with complex and diverse land types and different development conditions. The main soil types are yellow brown soil, yellow cinnamon soil, black soil in Jiang Sha, fluvo-aquic soil, etc. Its organic matter content is moderate. The hilly land on the edge of the basin has poor soil quality and serious water shortage. The agricultural production conditions in the middle part of the basin are good, and there are large-scale water conservancy projects (Yindan irrigation area and Yahekou irrigation area), which is an important grain, cotton and oil producing area and yellow cattle production base in Henan Province. There are mainly mineral resources such as Nanyang jade and oil in this area, and the industry as a whole is underdeveloped. Many counties are poverty-stricken counties in Henan Province or the whole country. In the development and utilization of land, it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the protection of basic farmland and persist in developing dry farming and intensive agriculture. Focus on the development of existing high-yield fields, improve the supporting construction of irrigation areas and other large and medium-sized reservoirs, expand the farmland area of drought and flood, and gradually develop rice production. Vigorously build firewood forests and water conservation forests in shallow hills and hilly areas on the edge of the basin to slow down surface runoff. Do a good job in the basic construction and comprehensive management and development of sloping farmland, moderately develop unused land and maintain ecological balance. The whole region should strictly control the expansion of urban and rural residential land, ensure the construction land of energy base, and vigorously reclaim industrial and mining wasteland. Actively organize land along large-scale transportation and water conservancy facilities construction projects. The typical experience of implementing linear projects to save land is to ensure the construction land of key projects such as Ningxi Railway.

(2) Grain, oil and tea areas in hilly areas of Huainan.

This area is located in the south of Henan Province, south of Huaihe River and north of Dabie Mountain, with numerous hills. Its soil types are mainly paddy soil, yellow cinnamon soil and yellow brown soil. The soil layer is deep, but it lacks phosphorus and potassium. This area is rich in land resources per capita, with good water and heat conditions and great potential for agricultural development. It is a concentrated rice and tea producing area in the province. There is a lack of relatively developed central cities in the region, the industry is relatively backward, and the level of social and economic development is low. In the development and utilization of land, we should develop tea production according to local conditions and speed up the construction of timber forest base and chestnut production base. Strengthen the comprehensive management and transformation of barren hills, slopes and existing cultivated land, strengthen the construction of ecological forestry and nature reserves, and reduce the threat of floods in mountainous areas to plain areas. Give full play to the comprehensive benefits of existing reservoirs, strengthen the transformation of low-yield paddy fields such as cold-soaked fields and mud fields, and strive to increase grain output. Adhere to land-saving and land-building, and ensure the land for key construction projects such as Ningxi Railway. Urban construction should be based on the connotation of tapping potential, and rural residential areas should be relatively concentrated.