How did Shu perish?

Wei's war to destroy Shu was a merger war in the late Three Kingdoms period. In 263, Si Mazhao, the actual leader of Cao Wei, decided to go to war with Shu Han and sent Zhong Hui, Wargo and Zhuge Xu to attack Hanzhong from east, middle and west. Shu Han, headed by Jiang Wei, formed the Resistance Army. According to the natural barrier of Jiange and Wei Jun, Wei Jun could not move forward. Wargo then led the elite soldiers to steal the level tone, capture the government city and advance on Chengdu. After the Lord surrendered, Jiang Wei heard the news and led his troops to surrender to Zhong Hui. Shu Han perished and started the unification war in the Three Kingdoms period.

The battle of Wei destroying Shu was a war in which the strong destroyed the weak. Wei was able to destroy Shu because the former was superior to the latter in politics, economy and military affairs, but the victory or defeat on the battlefield was directly related to the command and planning of both sides.

In the later period of the Three Kingdoms, the situation that Wei, Wu and Shu fought side by side gradually collapsed due to the ups and downs of the three forces. Among them, after the death of Cao Rui, the self-proclaimed Wei Emperor, Cao Fang, king of Qi, proclaimed himself emperor, and the power fell into the hands of Sima Yi. After Sima Yi's death, Zi Sima Shi and Si Mazhao came to power successively. On the one hand, Sima's father and son vigorously eliminated Cao Shi's forces, snared the cremation, and after several incidents of abolishing the emperor, they were ready to stand on their own feet as Wei; At the same time, they also paid attention to recruiting talented people, immigrating to the real frontier, continuing Cao Cao's law, popularizing reclamation and building water conservancy projects, which made Wei politically stable, economically developed and militarily powerful under the control of Sima Shi. In contrast, after Zhuge Liang's death, Jiang Wan and Fei Yi assisted the court. They follow Zhuge Liang's established policy, unite internally and don't use troops easily. At one time, Shu maintained a relatively stable situation. After Jiang Wan and Fei Yi, Jiang Wei came to power and fought against Wei many times, which consumed the national strength. Especially after Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan became more ignorant, indulged in pleasure and neglected state affairs. Eunuch Huang Hao took advantage of favoritism to form a clique for personal gain. Even Jiang Wei invited himself to plant wheat in the soil (now northwest of Zhouqu, Gannan Prefecture, Gansu Province) for fear of being killed. At this point, the foundation of Shu has been greatly shaken. At this time, after Sun Quan's death, Wu was at home and abroad, and social contradictions became more acute. Many attacks on Wei also ended in failure. Wu's strength has been greatly weakened.

Among these three countries, Wei under Sima's rule is the most powerful, and it has the conditions to destroy Wu and Shu and unify the whole country.

In 262, Cao Huan, Emperor of Wei Yuan, was in power. General Wei analyzed the situation at that time, and thought that Shu "learned from time to time, and I know everything today", and decided to adopt the policy of "taking Shu first today, and going downstream with Bashu three years later, land and water go hand in hand". To this end, Wei will be the general of Zhenxi and the commander-in-chief of Guanzhong, ready to attack Shu. At the same time, he threatened to attack Wu first and confuse Shu. Jiang Wei heard the news and reported it to Liu Chan. He suggested sending troops to guard Yang 'an Pass (that is, Yangping Pass in the northwest of ningqiang county, Shaanxi Province) and Yinping Qiaotoubao (in the northwest of Wenxian County, Gansu Province) to make preparations. But the fatuous left only prized eunuch Huang Hao, believing in ghosts and thinking that Wei Jun would not attack, while Liu Chan took Jiang Wei's suggestion for granted, ignored it and didn't even let ministers know.

In the summer of the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), Wei "recruited 180,000 soldiers from all sides" and attacked Shu in three ways: General Deng Ai led more than 30,000 soldiers from Didao (now Lintao, Gansu) to (now southeast of Diebu County, Gansu) and Tazhong to attack Jiang Wei stationed here; Zhuge Xu, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led more than 30,000 people from Qishan (now Qishan Fort in Lixian County, Gansu Province) to Wu Jie (now northwest of Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yinping Qiaotoubao, cutting off Jiang Wei's back road; General Zhong Hui of Zhenxi led more than 654.38+10,000 people to March into Hanzhong from Gu Jie (now south of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province), Luogu and Woods Valley (now southwest of Shaanxi Province).

Wei Jun really attacked after Shu, so he rushed to fight. Right general Liao Hua is busy sending a team to meet Jiang Wei. Zhang Yi, the general of Zuocheqi, and Dong Jue, the general, each led a team to guard the periphery of Hanzhong.

In September this year, Wei Jun launched a three-armed attack. In the southeast, Zhong Hui's main force marched in three ways, but before reinforcements arrived in Liu Chan, the Shu army retreated from the peripheral stronghold of Hanzhong. Wei Jun quickly entered Hanzhong, without resistance, and immediately closed in An Yang. Fu Quan, the garrison commander of Shuyang nunnery, persevered in the bitter struggle, and Fu Qian died because of Jiang Shukai's surrender. After Wei Jun invaded Yang 'an Pass, he marched straight into Jiange (now in the west of Jiange County, Sichuan Province), threatening Chengdu, the capital of Shu (now in Chengdu, Sichuan Province).

At the same time, Wei Jun, the West Road led by Wargo, also launched an attack, which made Tianshui Prefecture Wang Qi, Longxi Prefecture Hong Qian and Jincheng Prefecture Yang Xiang attack Jiang Wei from east, west and north respectively. Jiang Wei learned that Wei Jun had entered Hanzhong. Considering that Yang Pass might be lost and Jiange was in danger, he led the troops to retreat while fighting, in an attempt to move to Jiange. Wei Jun, the middle road led by Zhuge Xu, has entered the level tone bridge from Qishan, cutting off Jiang Wei's retreat. In order to divert Wei Jun at the bridgehead, Jiang Wei led troops from Konghangu (now southwest of Wudu County, Gansu Province) around the back of Zhuge Xu and attacked Wei Jun. Zhuge Xu, fearing that his back road would be cut off, ordered Wei Jun to retreat 15km. Jiang Wei took the opportunity to turn back and immediately crossed the bridge. When Zhuge Xu realized that he was at the scene, the Shu army had gone far away and could not catch up. Jiang Wei went from Qiaotou to Yin Ping, and then retreated to the south. On the way, Shu soldiers arrived, and Liao Hua, Yi Cheung and Dong Jue led their troops north. Knowing that Yang Anguan had fallen, he retreated to Jiange.

Soon, Wargo led an army to Yinping. He selected elite soldiers from Jiangyou (now Jiangyou North, Sichuan) to join forces with Zhuge Xu, avoiding Jiange and taking Chengdu directly. Zhuge Xu took Jiang Wei as his responsibility, rejected Wargo's suggestion and led the army to meet Zhong Huijun in the east. In order to expand the relieving power, Zhong Hui informed Zhuge Xu that he was afraid of cowardice. As a result, Zhuge Xu was punished and his department returned to Zhong Hui.

Later, Zhong Hui led an army to Jiange. Jiange is located in the west of Jiange County, Sichuan Province, where Xiaojianshan and Dajianshan are connected. The terrain is steep, the road is small and deep, and it is easy to defend but difficult to attack, but it is also the passage to Chengdu. Jiang Wei used this kind of terrain that is conducive to defense to "camp and guard against risks" here. Clock will repeatedly attack, Wei Jun soon because of lack of food morale shaken, the idea of withdrawing troops. Wei Jun's battle against Shu once went smoothly, cutting off the retreat of Jiang Wei, commander-in-chief of Shu army. The move to destroy Shu can be achieved tomorrow. However, due to Zhuge Xu's blunder, Jiang Wei successfully crossed the bridge and defended Jiange, which blocked Wei Jun's offensive and made it face the situation that all the grain and grass were withdrawn and all the previous achievements were wasted.

At this critical moment, Wargo put forward a strange strategy, suggesting that "from the level tone, from the heresy (path) through the Deyang Pavilion in the Han Dynasty (now northwest of Jiange, Sichuan), from the west of Jiange (now east of Mianyang, Sichuan) to Chengdu for more than 300 miles, the Indiana Jones rushed to its heart, and the defense of Jiange (referring to the Shu army) would be returned, and then (the bell) would be met." If the Jiange army does not return, the Fucheng army should be outnumbered. ..... Now cover up its emptiness, and it will be broken. "The main point of Wargo's suggestion is that Wei Jun attacks Fucheng from the level tone around the path, so that if Jiang Wei comes from Jiange, Jiange will be isolated and easily breached. If the Shu army doesn't help Fucheng, Wei Jun will attack Fucheng, cut off Jiang Wei's posterior route and point to Chengdu. This plan was accepted and carried out by Wargo.

From Fucheng, the mountain is dangerous and inaccessible, which is very difficult. For this reason, Shu is not fortified here. This year 10, Wargo led the army to set off from Yin Ping Road and walked more than 300 kilometers, digging mountain roads and building bridges and pavilions all the way. When the mountains are high and the valleys are deep, it is extremely dangerous. And transporting food is dangerous. "In the face of difficulties, Wargo took the lead and encountered dangerous places." Wrapped in felt and pushed down, the soldiers climbed the wooden cliff and filed in. "After overcoming these unimaginable difficulties, Wei Jun finally passed a level playing field and reached Jiangyou. Ma Miao, a handsome oil man in Shujiang, saw the miraculous appearance of Wei Jun. He was so frightened that he gave up without a fight. Wargo led Wei Jun to attack Fucheng.

After the fall of Jiangyou, Liu Chan sent Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan to stop Wargo. Zhuge Zhan overseers and soldiers stopped in Fucheng. And war, Wei Jun defeated the Shu army striker, Zhuge Zhan was forced to retreat to Mianzhu (now Mianzhu, Sichuan), waiting for Ai. Wargo sent a letter to Zhuge Zhan to persuade him to surrender, saying, "If he surrenders, he will be the king of Langdai." Zhuge Zhan angrily beheaded the messenger. Wargo immediately sent his sons Deng Zhong and Sima Shizuan to attack the Shu army from both sides. When Wei Jun lost, Wargo said angrily, "It's a matter of life and death. Why not? " Threatened to cut off Bian Shi Deng Zhong's head and fight again. The two generals hurried back to the battlefield. As a result, the Shu army was defeated, and Zhuge Zhan and Shu Shangshu Zhang Zun and others were killed. In this way, Wei Jun invaded Mianzhu and then marched into Chengdu.

Most of the Shu troops are in Jiange and Serenade in Chengdu, and there is actually no defense at all. When the monarchs and subjects of Shu heard of Wei Jun's arrival, they all panicked and were at a loss. It was suggested that the late Lord fled to the south-central region (now southern Sichuan and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou), but the situation there was complicated and it was uncertain whether he could stand firm. Some people suggested sending Sun Wu to the East, but Sun Wu became weaker and weaker, making it difficult to protect himself. Dr. Qiao Zhou urged Wei to surrender, and many ministers echoed him. In November this year, Liu Shan accepted Qiao Zhou's suggestion, opened the city to surrender Wei, and sent envoys to let Jiang Wei and others surrender. Wei Jun occupied Chengdu.

Jiang Wei, who stuck to Jiange, heard the news of Zhuge Zhan's defeat for the first time, but he didn't know the exact news of his late master. Afraid of being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, he led the army eastward to Bazhong (now Bazhong, Sichuan). Zhong Hui led Wei Jun to Fucheng and sent generals to pursue Jiang Wei. Jiang Wei retired to the capital (now Guangfu, Sichuan). After the rotation, Lai Ling and Jiang Weinai led Liao Hua, Yi Cheung, Dong Jue and others, throwing their armor in front of Zhong Huijun. The battle of Wei destroying Shu ended.