Detailed introduction of Zhalong wetland

Zhalong Wetland is the largest nature reserve in China, which is dominated by waterfowl such as cranes, and cherishes the ecological types of birds and wetlands. It is located in Songnen Plain in the west of Heilongjiang Province, downstream of Wuyuer River. Zhalong Wetland Center is located in Zhalong Township, 26 kilometers southeast of Qiqihar City. Covering an area of 2 1 000 hectares, it is the most perfect, primitive and open wetland ecosystem in the same latitude area in northern China. Many ancient species are preserved here, which is a natural species bank and gene bank, an ideal habitat and breeding ground for many birds and precious waterfowl, and an important "post station" for many transnational birds. The advantages of vast territory, primitive wetland landscape, rich bird resources and proximity to cities have attracted worldwide attention.

Zhalong established the first waterfowl nature reserve in China. There are 248 species of birds in this area, mainly protected by cranes, and there are cranes 15 species all over the world. Zhalong has six species: red-crowned crane, white-naped crane, white crane, white-headed crane, demoiselle crane and gray crane, so it is called "crane town".

Four of them are breeding birds. There are 2000 red-crowned cranes in the world, and there are more than 400 Zhalong cranes, accounting for 17.3% of the total number of red-crowned cranes in the world. There are 35 species of national first-class and second-class protected birds, including red-crowned cranes, white-pilled cranes and white spoonbills. Great bustard is common on the edge of swamp and adjacent farmland. In addition to abundant bird resources, there are 20 kinds of mammals such as wolves, red foxes, roe deer, badgers and antelopes. Amphibians include China wood frog, black wetland frog, spotted rain frog and flower-billed toad. There are three kinds of reptiles, including lizards and freshwater turtles. There are 40 species of aquatic fish, and crucian carp is the most abundant.

In the early 1980s, there were birds everywhere. Herons and herons stood in the swamp, as dense as corn stubble from a distance, and there were countless geese and ducks. Tens of thousands of birds bred here every year. Here, thousands of seagulls, herons and other birds soar in the sky, and flocks of waterfowl play in the lake. The clear stream is covered with silver, swaying reed tassels and dense reed ponds, playing the magnificent music of nature in the breeze.

In Zhalong Wetland, you can appreciate the unique courtship way of red-crowned crane's single-minded love. The tenor of "The Voice of Nature" expresses the persistent pursuit of the beloved. When they heard "male and female duets" in "Yuanye", it was their heartfelt joy for the success of their first love. When a pair of red-crowned cranes tied the knot and held a wedding dance in the auditorium of nature, the light and beautiful "duet" dwarfed the best dancers in the world.

Zhalong Nature Reserve mainly protects wetlands and national protected animals such as red-crowned cranes. The wetland, which spans two districts and four counties, is a large-scale permanent weak alkaline freshwater swamp area formed by river loss and river overflow in the lower reaches of Wuyuer River. It consists of many small shallow lakes and vast meadows and grasslands. The maximum water depth of swamp is 0.75m, and that of lake is 5m. There are 46 species of fish, 277 species of insects, 260 species of birds and 2 1 species of mammals in this area. Among them, the red-crowned crane, the white-naped crane, the white-headed crane, the boudoir crane, the white crane and the gray crane are all national first-and second-class key protected animals. From April to May every year, about 200 waterfowl such as red-crowned cranes come here to inhabit and breed, and the number of white cranes is nearly 1000. After staying here, they continued to move north to Russia. For migratory birds. Reed swamp and Carex tower head are the main habitats of red-crowned cranes. Reed is as high as 1 ~ 3 meters, which is difficult for human beings to enter, creating conditions for the survival and reproduction of these precious waterfowl. The number of wild economic birds exceeds 654.38+10,000 every year. Zhalong Wetland includes Wuyuer River, Shuangyang River, Kachin Lake, Xianhe Lake, Longhu Lake and Nanshan Lake. Most of the water surface is above 2000 mu. The winding long and short rivers in the wetland connect all the lakes and bubbles, forming a water system as dense as a spider web, just like a bright pearl strung by winding ileum, setting off green vegetation, and the scenery is very spectacular. During the high water season in summer, the river flows out of the trough and the lake overflows, which can form the mirror surface of Fiona Fang for hundreds of kilometers. When you swing the boat and gently shake the oars, a beautiful water world is dragged out by the clear lake. With the ups and downs of your double pulp, pieces of duckweed hold up small jade beads and radiate charming brilliance in the sun. Graceful lotus flowers are surrounded by you like shy girls.

Zhalong Wetland has a grassy prairie with reeds swaying in the wind. When you climb the railing of Wanghe Building and look far away, the endless reeds stretch all the way to the distant horizon, and the green waves rippling with the wind are vigorous and magnanimous, rushing to the sky with great momentum and coming at you again. The criss-crossing rivers in the harbor branch adorn the vast reeds with vitality. Red-crowned crane with red crown, long legs and graceful steps is also called "crane" in China. It is an auspicious and elegant red-crowned crane, also known as "crane" in China. It is a symbol of good luck, honor and longevity. Red-crowned crane is a large wading bird with a reddish head and a body length of about1.2m. Because of its rarity, it has been listed in the Red Book of Endangered Birds in the World by the International Committee for the Protection of Birds (ICBP) and the list of national key protected wild animals in China, belonging to the national first-class protected birds. There are only about 2200 in the world, and there are more than 400 in captivity, which belong to endangered species. Red-crowned cranes mainly inhabit swamps, with tall plants as hidden conditions. Feed on seeds, grass roots, insects, fish, shrimp and shellfish.

The main breeding ground of red-crowned cranes in China is Northeast China, and Zhalong Wetland Nature Reserve in Qiqihar is the main base. Overwintering is concentrated in Yancheng, Jiangsu and Poyang Lake, Jiangxi in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Sexually mature for 3 years, laying eggs 1 ~ 2 every 4 ~ 5 days. The breeding ground is in northeast China, Russian and Mongolian countries. Every year 1 1 moves south for wintering, and then goes north to the breeding ground in March of the following year. There are more than 350 wild red-crowned cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve, of which about 60 have been artificially propagated and domesticated.

Crane is the "indicator clock" of the environment and an important symbol for evaluating environmental quality. The first condition for crane breeding is a quiet and safe wetland environment. Once the wetland is destroyed and disappeared, the number of cranes will decrease rapidly or even disappear, so every wetland is a barometer of the ecosystem in this area. A sound water system of a country will benefit the ecosystems of all its neighbors, no matter which country these wetlands are located in the world. Therefore, protecting wetlands means protecting the environment on which cranes depend, protecting the ecological balance of the world and protecting human beings themselves.

Since the establishment of Zhalong Wetland National Nature Reserve, * * * has successively won the International Crane Foundation, the World Nature Association and the World Conservation Union. International organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund, 42 countries including the United States, Japan, Russia, Britain and France, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as domestic ornithologists, ecologists, nature lovers and tourists10.5 million people visited and studied and taught. Zhalong Wetland "Zhalong Lake Bird Watching Tourist Area" is 8 kilometers long and 9 kilometers wide, with an area of 1.550 hectares, including:

1, Yushugang, birdwatchers can listen to briefings at the reception desk, watch videos and movies about Zhalong Nature Reserve and cranes, climb the crane tower to overlook the wetland landscape where waterfowl such as cranes live and breed, and visit exhibition halls and crane domestication and breeding grounds.

2. Longpaozi (Zhalong South Lake), Dabaozi (Zhalong North Lake), Xigouzi (natural river course) and Zhalong fish pond. Bird watchers can observe many wild birds on the surface of Mingshui, such as geese, ducks, crake and seagulls, as well as small wading birds living near aquatic plants.

There are nine rooms and a big yard, which is the landscape of reed swamp. Bird watchers can enjoy the nesting areas of herons and snipes, wading birds such as cranes and storks, and swamp raptors.

4. Tukexigang, you can see many birds in the farmland residential area.

5. Forest birds, grassland wild birds, bustard and demoiselle cranes can be observed in Zhalong nursery and its adjacent meadow grassland. In Zhalong Lake Bird Watching Tourist Area, visitors can watch video movies of protected areas and cranes, climb stairs to see wetland landscape, visit farms, and observe forest birds and grassland wild birds in nurseries and forest farms. The Provincial Forestry Department 1976 started construction, and the People's Government of Heilongjiang Province 1979 approved the establishment of Zhalong Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province and the establishment of Zhalong Nature Reserve Administration. 1In April 1987, the State Council approved Zhalong Nature Reserve as a national nature reserve. 1992 China acceded to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, and Zhalong Nature Reserve was included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance.

From 1999 to 2002, Zhalong wetland and its water supply area, Wuyuer River and Shuangyang River basin suffered from drought. In 2000, a fire broke out in the wetland, which lasted for more than ten days. The reeds were burned by the roots and almost destroyed the ecosystem of Zhalong wetland. The core area of 700 square kilometers is only 130 square kilometers of water, and the wetlands are almost destroyed. In 200 1 year, under the guidance of the Ministry of Water Resources, the Provincial Water Resources Department, the Qiqihar Water Affairs Bureau and the Songliao Basin Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources gave full play to the institutional advantages of unified management and raised funds to start the Zhalong Wetland Emergency Water Transfer Project. In that year, 35 million cubic meters of water was replenished to Zhalong Wetland, and 130 square kilometers of wetland was still shrinking.

After adding 35 million cubic meters of water to Zhalong Wetland in 200 1, the water transfer project of Zhalong Wetland with an investment of 7 million yuan was completed in April 2002, and 350 million cubic meters of water was added to Zhalong Wetland in 2002. From 200 1 to 2007, the state has replenished water to Zhalong wetland 1 1 100 million cubic meters.

After years of development, Zhalong wetland protection has achieved remarkable results. The population of rare waterfowl such as red-crowned crane, white crane and oriental white stork has increased, among which the number of wild red-crowned crane which has been listed as an endangered species in the world has increased from 150 in the construction area to more than 400 (according to the statistics of 20 10). Wetland is rich in biodiversity, and there are many kinds of wild animals, especially red-crowned cranes, white cranes and oriental storks.