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Who is Columbus in history?

The Italian navigator Columbus discovered the new American continent in 1492, which was a major turning point in world history. The following is a brief introduction of Columbus in my history, I hope it will help you.

A brief introduction to Columbus in history

Christopher. Columbus (Spanish: Crist? bal Col？ n； Italian: cristoforo colombo),1450/145 10 year1October 31-kloc-0/May 20, 506), explorer and colonist. Under the sponsorship of the Spanish Catholic monarch, he crossed the Atlantic four times from 1492 to 1502 and successfully reached America. He let ordinary Europeans know about America. His voyage and efforts to establish a permanent settlement on Hispaniola Island started Spain's colonization of America, and he was also a pioneer of the so-called "new world" after European colonization. Its coffin is now stored in the lobby of Seville Cathedral in Spain.

The Historical Influence of Columbus

Columbus's voyage was the beginning of the era of great navigation. The opening of the new route has changed the course of world history. It opened a new era of new world development and colonization. At that time, the population of Europe was expanding. With this discovery, Europeans have two new continents to live in, and they have mineral resources and raw materials that can change the European economy.

This discovery led to the destruction of American Indian civilization. In the long run, it has also led to the emergence of some new countries in the western hemisphere. These countries are very different from the Indian tribes who once settled in this area, and they have greatly influenced the countries of the old world. It shifted the route of overseas trade from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic coast. From then on, the West finally walked out of the darkness of the Middle Ages and began to rise in the world with an irresistible trend, and in the following centuries, it achieved maritime hegemony. A brand-new industrial civilization has become the mainstream of world economic development.

Columbus was not actually the first person to discover America. Before that, Indians had already spread all over North and South America and became the masters of the American continent. Columbus was not the first European to reach America. As early as10-14th century, many brave Scandinavians in Europe have been to America. Rureif？ LeifEriccson and his companions Thorfinn and Sauveur set out from Iceland around A.D. 1000 and arrived in Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland and New England, leaving us with the story of sailing to the sea (which is recorded in Wen Lan's Travels). Wen Lan-Wenlan is located in the southern coastal area of New England. However, these voyages did not lead to frequent contact between America and other parts of the world, nor did they form new geographical concepts, so they could not be counted as "discoveries". Only Columbus's voyage broke the isolation of the western hemisphere.

Columbus was the first person to cross tropical and subtropical waters and travel to and from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, and also the first person to reach all the major islands in America and the Caribbean. He first discovered the northern part of the South American continent and the isthmus of Central America, which laid the foundation for the discovery of two continents in the western hemisphere-North America and South America. It should be pointed out that the Spaniards have never left Haiti or the West Indies since Columbus's second voyage. Although those immigrants and colonists were for various reasons, they certainly sailed, explored and investigated in that area. Adventurers from other western European countries are also exploring America, so the above-mentioned "first discovery" is only in terms of general situation and basic situation. In addition, as far as Columbus's four voyages are concerned, the significance of each voyage is getting smaller. Because there is a huge gap and difference between the first and the second, the founding period and the development period.

At the end of 15 and the beginning of 16, Columbus was in the transitional period of the development of European commercial capitalism and the disintegration of feudal system. His discovery of America complied with the urgent demand of European bourgeoisie to plunder new wealth and develop capitalism. The discovery and colonization of America promoted the formation of the world market, and a large amount of gold and silver flowed into Europe, which expanded the primitive accumulation of capitalism, promoted the development of European capitalism and accelerated the collapse of European feudal system. At the same time, after Columbus discovered America, he established colonial slavery in Latin America, which brought profound disasters to Indians.

Columbus's voyage and discovery blew the first horn to European colonists and explorers, prompting them to set off a wave of going to the new world, thus opening the process of human globalization. Explorers from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Britain and the Netherlands soon traveled all over the New World. Following in the footsteps of Columbus, Magellan completed a voyage around the earth on September 7, 2000/KLOC-0, 522, which proved that the earth is round and America is another continent.

Although Columbus's voyage objectively promoted the integration of the world and the exchange of various cultures, Columbus and others came to America not as messengers of peace, but as deep-water bombs of colonialists and conquerors to seek and plunder wealth. Therefore, their arrival is a great disaster for American Indian civilization. Columbus, like other contemporaries, believed that all people who did not believe in _ _ had no natural rights and could be forced to convert to Christ by the most resolute means. If they stubbornly refuse to listen, they may be punished the most severely, including torture and killing. This is what Columbus did in Haiti. By 1496, the fourth year of Columbus' arrival in Haiti, the number of native Teleno in Haiti had dropped sharply from 300,000 to 200,000. Some of them were driven away and died of exhaustion, while others were slaughtered by Spanish colonists.

The influence of Columbus's epoch-making actions on human society and civilization undoubtedly occupies a decisive position in human history, and his evaluation will be different in every historical era in the future, but his epoch-making influence is beyond doubt.

Columbus's voyage was the beginning of the era of great navigation. The opening of the new route has changed the course of world history. It shifted the route of overseas trade from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic coast. From then on, the West finally walked out of the darkness of the Middle Ages and began to rise in the world with an irresistible trend, and in the following centuries, it achieved maritime hegemony. A brand-new industrial civilization has become the mainstream of world economic development.

Columbus' Historical Evaluation

Christopher. Columbus is one of the most outstanding navigators in human history, and his deeds of discovering the new continent are widely known. Columbus's achievements are unparalleled in the maritime world, but people have never commented on his merits and demerits.

In fact, as early as the ice age, when the water level dropped and the Bering Strait was exposed, human beings had come to America from the Asian continent at that time. For thousands of years, Central and South American Indians and tribes living on the American continent have established a certain scale of society and are self-sufficient. Columbus's so-called discovery, objectively speaking, is only the "discovery" of Europeans.

In recent years, with more and more archaeological discoveries, many people began to believe that Vikings discovered America a long time ago. Some even think that Zheng He, a native of China, discovered America as early as 142 1 year. But in any case, Columbus's position as the first person to let Europeans generally know about the American continent is beyond doubt.

Hugo Chá vez, the former president of Venezuela, publicly appealed to Latin Americans not to celebrate Columbus Day, saying that the great discovery of Columbus 1492 brought 150 years of "genocide" to Latin American indigenous Indians. Chavez said at the American Indian Congress in Caracas, Venezuela: "Christopher? Columbus was the greatest pioneer of aggression and genocide in human history. "

Nevertheless, this does not deny the importance of Columbus. First of all, it is really unfair to evaluate Columbus by current standards. Measuring historical figures is often not the perfection of morality, but the influence and contribution to human history.

In history, someone should have arrived in America before Columbus, but they don't seem to matter, because their findings have neither been spread nor caused any changes in Europe and America. On the contrary, the news that Columbus discovered the new continent spread all over Europe. What followed was another exploration of the new continent, and the colonization and conquest of this land began.

It is true that even without Columbus, others can do what he did, and America will be discovered sooner or later, even decades later. However, if America was discovered by the British, Portuguese or Asians in the same era of great navigation, the history behind it may be completely different. This is why Columbus was so influential. Anyway, it was Columbus who discovered the new world.