Pastoral immigrants

1. Northern Grassland Cultural Folk Song Area;

2. Xinjiang Folk Song Area under the influence of Western Islamic culture:

3. Tibetan folk song areas under the influence of western Buddhist culture:

4. Multi-ethnic ancient primitive culture folk song area in southwest plateau;

5. Folk song areas of hunting culture under the influence of Shamanism in Northeast China:

6. Northwest Plateau multi-ethnic, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral cultural folk song area;

7. Han folk song areas with ancient traditional culture in the Central Plains and the eastern coast.

As for the classification of folk songs in various folk song areas. Due to different nationalities, each has its own traditional division method, so it is impossible to unify, and only differences can be preserved.

1. Northern Grassland Cultural Folk Song Area

This folk song area is mainly located in the present Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, represented by Mongolian folk songs. Mongolians have always been called "music nation" and "poetry nation". Folk songs can be divided into "long tune" and "short tune". "Long tune" folk songs are mainly popular in eastern pastoral areas and areas north of Yinshan Mountain. They are characterized by short words, rich decorations, loud and melodious tones and free rhythm, which embodies the momentum of the vast grassland and the broad mind of herders. Pastoral songs, homesick songs, hymns, etc. Mostly long tunes. Well-known tracks include "the vast grassland" and "the countryside". "Short tune" is mainly popular in western and southern semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, characterized by short structure and regular rhythm. Many ballads, love songs and wedding songs belong to "short tune". The famous short-tune folk songs are Senjidema and Little Huang Ma. The essence of grassland cultural folk songs is to express the simple, bright, enthusiastic and bold feelings and character of grassland herders. In addition, there is a "Mongolian-Chinese tune" in Simon, which is the product of mutual absorption and exchange between Mongolian and Chinese music cultures. The "Climbing Mountain Tune" popular in Hetao area is also a favorite song of Mongolian and Han nationalities.

2. Xinjiang Folk Song Area under the influence of Western Islamic culture.

This folk song area is located in Xinjiang, represented by Uygur and Kazak folk songs. It is influenced by the Islamic traditional culture in Central Asia, and has a certain connection with Arab music culture. Uighurs are good at singing and dancing, and their singing and dancing art is famous in the world as "Twelve Muqams". Folk songs can be divided into four categories: love songs, labor songs, historical songs and life customs songs. In terms of tones, Uygur folk songs, including China music, Arabic music and European music system, are the most prominent sources of diversified tones of China folk songs. Many folk songs are combined with dance, and their styles are lively and interesting. Famous folk songs at home and abroad include Allaben Han, Half Moon Climbing Up, Dabancheng, Send me a Rose, etc. Kazakhs mainly live in northern Xinjiang and are engaged in animal husbandry. Folk songs can be divided into three categories: (l) Folk songs with fixed lyrics (including pastoral songs, hunting songs, love songs, religious songs, etc. ); (2) Impromptu lyrics of folk songs (including folk songs, fishing songs, riddle songs, etc. ); (3) Folk songs (including wedding songs, wedding crying songs, wedding songs, etc.). Among them, the number of love songs is the largest, and most of them show the pain and blessing of lovers' parting. Kazakh folk songs have two systems: China music and European music. China's music system is dominated by Gong Diao and Yu Diao. Maira and Wait for Dawn are famous all over the country.

3. Tibetan folk song areas under the influence of western Buddhist culture.

This folk song area includes some Tibetan areas in Xizang Autonomous Region, Qinghai and Sichuan. Folk songs include folk songs (pastoral songs), labor songs, love songs, phoenix folk songs and poems. The singing activities of folk songs are mostly related to Buddhist festivals, and many folk songs are combined with dances, such as Nangma, Dui Xie, Guo Xie and Guo Zhuang. Music belongs to China's music system, and folk songs generally have the characteristics of enthusiasm, cheerfulness, sincerity, moving, plateau characteristics and strong sense of rhythm. Famous folk songs include "On the Golden Mountain in Beijing". "On the Jinshan Mountain in Beijing" was originally an arrow song (that is, a hunting song), which was first spread in the forest areas in southeastern Tibet. Now it has become a new folk song and spread all over the country.

4. Southwest Plateau multi-ethnic ancient primitive culture folk song area

This folk song area includes ethnic minority areas in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. There are more than twenty different nationalities living here. Folk songs in this area have different degrees of ancient cultural characteristics and special social functions. Folk songs are mostly a combination of "poetry, song and dance", with complex and diverse contents, and there are folk songs in different historical stages. Because many ethnic groups have no written language, folk songs have become an important means for them to record history, spread knowledge and engage in social activities, and become an indispensable part of their daily lives. All these reflect a special and multi-level cultural phenomenon. The representative folk songs in this area are multi-voice folk songs. Most ethnic groups have two voices and three folk songs. Folk songs are divided into Daqu and Xiaoqu. Da Ge is the most famous among Dong, Buyi and Zhuang. There are three kinds of Daqu: male voice, female voice and children's voice. Generally, male songs have a strong sense of rhythm and lively tunes. Girls' big songs have free rhythm and delicate and soft melody. In addition to two parts, there are single-part folk songs. The content is mainly about love. Generally, young men and women sing softly indoors. In addition, there are ancient songs, and the Miao ancient songs have the longest history. The content describes the formation of heaven and earth and the origin of mankind. Travel, etc. The melody is full of chanting, and the singers are mostly elderly people. Dong folk songs were famous all over the country in the 1950s, and other folk songs, such as Gui Ren Kai Gui Hua, Xi Mingyue Song, etc. It is also a representative track.

5. Folk song area of hunting culture under the influence of Shamanism in Northeast China.

This folk song area mainly includes Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling areas in Northeast China, represented by Oroqen folk songs (including Ewenki, Hezhe, Daur and Manchu), and Oroqen still retains many traces of primitive society before 1949. This is a nation that loves singing and dancing. In the past, it lived by hunting. Whenever it comes back from hunting, or national festivals, it will hold a song and dance carnival. Their folk songs can be divided into three categories: (1) folk songs, (2) dance music and (3) shaman tune. Folk songs are divided into "long tune" and "short tune". The "long tune" is loud and powerful, and the beat is free. "Short tune" has a smooth tune and a regular rhythm. Most songs and dances are in the form of crowds. Shaman tune is a song sung for inviting gods, jumping, ancestor worship and funeral. Tunes are being sung, mostly to bring peace. Oroqen folk songs are pentatonic. Palace mode and feather mode are the majority. Their favorite folk song is erhu orchid? De Hulan is a song praising nature. In addition, the "Oroqen Singing Method" is also famous throughout the country.

6. Northwest Plateau multi-ethnic, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral cultural folk song area

This folk song area includes the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia, as well as areas where Han, Hui, Tu, Salar, Baoan, Dongxiang, Tibet, Yugur and other ethnic groups live together. Since ancient times, it belongs to the category of semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral culture. Historically, it was the only place where the "Silk Road" passed, and the cultural exchanges between the East and the West were earlier. Due to the long-term multi-ethnic communication and blending, a song shared by eight ethnic groups-"Flower" was produced. Folk songs in this area can be divided into "family songs" and "wild songs". "Family songs" include all kinds of wine songs, banquet songs, fine print, yangko and so on. "Folk songs" include all kinds of folk songs and pastoral songs, as well as "Flowers". Wild songs can only be sung outdoors. "Flower" is a representative song with a long and high tune, a deep and euphemistic style and a rough and simple temperament. No matter which ethnic group sings in Chinese, each ethnic group has its own words. The famous track at home and abroad is "Going Up the Mountain to See Pingchuan".

7. Han folk song areas with ancient traditional culture in the Central Plains and the eastern coast.

The Han folk song area is the largest of the six areas, from the cold north to the subtropical south, from the northwest plateau and southwest plateau to the eastern coastal plain, with diverse geographical conditions, customs and habits, and ways of life and production. Although the language belongs to Chinese, dialects vary from place to place. There are great differences between the east, the west, the north and the south, and the styles and characteristics of folk songs also show various characteristics. On the other hand, the Han population in the northern grassland folk song area, the northwest semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral folk song area and the southwest plateau multi-ethnic folk song area is above10 million. Therefore, the phenomenon of partial overlapping of folk songs also exists. According to the above situation, the Han folk song area can be divided into ten branches and one special zone.

Folk songs in the northeast metropolitan plain;

(2) the branch of northwest plateau folk songs;

(3) the branch of Jianghuai folk songs;

(4) Folk songs in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Plain;

(5) Fujian and Taiwan folk songs;

(6) the branch of Guangdong folk songs;

(7) The branch of folk songs in Jianghan Plain;

(8) the branch of Hunan folk songs;

(9) Jiangxi Folk Song Branch;

(10) Southwest Plateau Folk Song Branch,

(1 1) Hakka Folk Songs Special Zone.

There are many kinds of Han folk songs, but they can be divided into ten categories according to their different social functions: labor songs, folk songs, minor songs, Tian Ge, fishing songs, tea songs, yangko (including lantern songs), folk songs, nursery rhymes and nursery rhymes.

(1) Northeast Plain Folk Song Branch

This area includes the lower reaches of the Yellow River, such as Shandong, Hebei, northeastern Henan, northern Jiangsu, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, and is basically a coastal plain. Since ancient times, the lower reaches of the Yellow River belong to culturally developed areas. According to the subtle differences in styles, the area can be divided into two communities, with Shandong, Hebei and parts of Hebei and northern Jiangsu as the first community; Liao, Ji and Hei are the second communities. The second residential area is actually the immigrant area of the first residential area. So folk songs belong to a similar style. Eastern and northern dialects are used throughout the region. The folk songs here are mainly in minor, followed by yangko and chant, and there are few folk songs. Representative folk songs include Chinese Cabbage, Fan Painting, Yimeng Mountain Minor, Watching in a Small Theater, etc.

(2) the branch of northwest plateau folk songs

The region includes Shanxi, Shaanxi Dadu, northwest Henan, Hetao area in Inner Mongolia and Han nationality areas in Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia. Taihang Mountain and northeast folk in the east, Yinshan Mountain in the south and Qinling Mountain in the north, belong to the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. In the past, the traffic was inconvenient, and folk music rarely communicated with other places, using the northern dialect of the northwest capital. The most prominent folk songs are Pilgrim's Progress, Folk Songs, Mountain Climbing Tune and Flowers. Followed by yangko and minor. Famous national tracks include Walking to the West, Sacrifice Spirit, Lanhuahua, Pushing Fried Noodles, Five Brothers Pasturing Sheep, Planing Potatoes, Embroidering Gold Monument and so on.

(3) The branch of Jianghuai folk songs

This area includes northern Jiangsu, most of Anhui, Dabie Mountain and Jianghan folk song area in southeastern and western Henan. This area is located between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, and its music culture is a transitional feature, which combines North and South factors. In the northern dialect. Tian Ge and minor are the most prominent folk songs, followed by yangko and folk songs. Famous songs include Fengyang Flower Drum, Sister Wang's Fair, Maige, Pigen Luchai Flower and so on.

(4) Folk songs in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Plain

This area, which includes southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and most of Zhejiang, is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and is the land of ancient wuyue. Culture is relatively developed, and people's lives are relatively rich. It has always been called the land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River. The dialect used is Wu dialect. Folk songs are mainly in minor, and the famous tracks are Purple Bamboo Tune, No Tin Scenery, Jasmine Flower, Crying July 7th, Anti-Bird, etc.

(5) Fujian and Taiwan folk songs

This area includes most of Fujian, most of Taiwan Province Province and Chaoshan area of Guangdong. Fujian and Taiwan Province Province have had cultural relations since ancient times. The local Han people in Taiwan Province Province have been using Minnan. In addition, there are some local operas and rap music in the two places. Folk songs are prominently displayed in folk songs, pastoral poems and minor tunes, and the famous tracks include Tea Picking and Butterfly Picking, Tea Children's Songs, Nothing in the Sky and so on.

(6) Guangdong Folk Song Branch

This area includes Guangdong Dadu, southeast of Guangyou and parts of Hainan in the Pearl River basin, and is adjacent to Jiangxi folk song area with Nanling as the boundary in the north. Located in the subtropical zone, the Pearl River runs through the east and west. Cultural exchanges with overseas countries were earlier, and Cantonese dialect was used. In the past, fishermen became an important social stratum in this area. The fishing song "Saltwater Song" is the most prominent folk song. Famous tracks include Falling into the Water, Spring Cattle Tune, Li Limei and so on.

(7) Folk songs in Jianghan Plain

This area includes Hubei, southwestern Henan and parts of northern Hunan, and is the center of ancient Chu culture. Use southwest dialect. Ancient culture is relatively developed and folk art has a long history. So far, it still retains the antique local characteristics in many aspects. Tian Ge folk songs are the most prominent, followed by lantern songs, minor, folk songs and folk songs. Well-known tracks include Sister Huang and Honghu Fishing Song.

(8) Xiang Folk Song Branch

This area includes several counties in the northeast corner of Hunan and Guangxi. Located in the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, it is also the ancient Chu land. People are advocating and attacking Chu style, which is inextricably linked with Jianghan folk song area, but the dialects used are different, and Hunan dialect is widely used in this area. The most representative folk songs are folk songs and Tian Ge. Well-known tracks include "Children in Sang Ma Village Playing Lampstands", "Lotus Pond" and "Going to Sichuan".

(9) Jiangxi folk songs branch

This area takes the central, northern and eastern parts of Jiangxi as the basic scope, and uses Gan dialect. The culture located between ancient Wu Chu has a certain influence on it, and it has the nature of a transitional zone for cultural exchanges between the East and the West in the Yangtze River Basin, with strong blending of folk songs. Tea songs are the most distinctive, followed by minor and lantern songs. Tian Ge's "Drum Song" is also excellent. Well-known tracks include "Azalea Blossoms", "Picking Tea Seeds" and "Sending Lang to the Red Army".

(10) Southwest Plateau Folk Song Branch

The region includes Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, parts of southwestern Shaanxi and northwestern Guangxi. The northern part is bounded by Qinling Mountains, and southwest dialect is commonly used. The representative folk songs are folk songs, followed by lantern songs. In addition, Chuanjiang boatman's chant is also very distinctive. Well-known tracks include Streaming, Catching Horses, When will Sophora flowers bloom, and I live in Guiyang, Guizhou.

(1 1) Hakka Folk Songs Special Zone

Hakkas are widely distributed, with a population of more than 80 million in China. The Central European Special Zone mainly includes the border areas of northeast Guangdong, southwest Fujian and southeast Jiangxi. Hakka people are concentrated here. Hakka people immigrated from the northern Central Plains in ancient times because of the war. They keep the ancient legacy and use Hakka dialect. Folk songs are mainly folk songs, and the famous tracks are Red Light Song and Wind Blowing Bamboo Leaves. success