Why do scientists devote themselves to the exploration of Mars and want to turn Mars into a "second home" for mankind?

Mars is a celestial body that we human beings are very concerned about living on the earth. The most concerned question is: does it have life? Can it be transformed into our second habitat?

Among them, mercury is closest to the sun. The average annual temperature on the surface of Mercury is 180 degrees Celsius, and it varies greatly, and the temperature difference between day and night is close to 600 degrees Celsius. Mercury is a world between fire and ice, and life is difficult to survive.

Compared with mercury, Venus is a little farther from the sun and closer to the earth. Venus is about 80% of the earth's volume and its radius is close to 95% of the earth's. But because it is still close to the sun, its solar radiation is about 1.9 times that of the earth. Venus is also a beautiful planet, but unfortunately, its atmosphere is so dense that people standing on the surface of Venus will be squashed. Moreover, Venus' atmosphere is 95% carbon dioxide, so it has obvious greenhouse effect. With the strengthening of the greenhouse effect, the surface temperature of Venus reached 478 degrees Celsius, and the probe could hardly work when Venus landed, or even partially melted. The environment on the surface of Venus is very bad. There are several kilometers thick clouds of sulfuric acid liquid in its atmosphere. Rain is strongly acidic. How can life stay? There are more than 1600 volcanoes on Venus, which are very violent, and sometimes the extreme temperature even reaches 500 degrees Celsius, making it impossible to breed life.

Then, the only thing left is Mars. Mars is really a sister of the earth, very much like the earth. Because Mars is farther away from the sun than the earth, the earth has 365 days a year, and it takes 686 days to make a circle. The axis of rotation of Mars is also inclined. The earth has spring, summer, autumn and winter, and so does Mars. Mars is very small, and its atmospheric composition is mainly carbon dioxide. Being far away from the sun and extremely dry, the average annual temperature on the surface of Mars is about minus 60 degrees Celsius. Generally speaking, the atmosphere of Mars is very thin, which is less than 1% of the earth's atmospheric pressure. The wind speed is very high, "global" sandstorms often occur, and the environment is still relatively bad. But in any case, compared with Venus and Mercury, Mars is the closest planet to the Earth and the most Earth-like planet.

Compared with the four planets in the solar system, Mars is the most likely planet for life. There is no life activity on Mars now, so has it ever happened before? This requires finding conclusive evidence. A Martian meteorite that landed in Morocco before was led by scientists from China to do research. It was found in the study that many carbon particles were found in this meteorite. Under the electron microscope, the carbon isotope analysis of carbon particles is made, and the final result is exciting: the carbon isotope composition is very similar to the carbon from which life materials come on our earth.

This incident caused a sensation in the world. Scientists from China led Japanese, German and Swiss scientists to complete all the tests in Beijing, which proved that Mars once had life. But in the end, to prove that Mars once had life, you must find fossils in the sedimentary rocks of Mars in the past 3 billion years, so as to confirm that it really had life before, so the road is still far away and the task is very arduous. But I believe scientists will stick to it and make it clear. The exploration of life on Mars still encourages people to continue to explore Mars.

This transformation will take about seven or eight steps and take a century or two of hard work. After the initial landing on Mars, you must live in a closed underground or ground cabin. Perhaps it is best to use robots to transform and give full play to their intelligent functions. As the temperature of Mars rises, there is water flow, and then plants that can produce oxygen on the earth are introduced to gradually increase the oxygen concentration, so that Martian residents can gradually walk to the surface of Mars without wearing spacesuits, thus gradually transforming red Mars into blue Mars. Through the wisdom and efforts of mankind, Mars can be transformed into a vibrant little earth, reappearing green mountains and green waters and becoming the second home of mankind. By then, both the Earth and Mars will be in the "livable zone" of the solar system.