Mars migration mission

This is just an idea. President of the American Mars Association, Mars research enthusiast and engineer Robert? Zublin believes that before 2030, human beings will live permanently on Mars, and before 2 100, there will be a big city with a population of one million.

What does Zublin think is Musk's plan to send millions of people to Mars by 2050? Ambitious? Yes He said:? We can send 1000 people to Mars before this time, and they will carry out industrial and agricultural production on Mars, thus having the opportunity to support the activities of more people. The more people fly to Mars and are born on Mars, the faster we expand. By 2070, a city will be built, and by 2 100, it will become a big city with a population of one million. ?

Mars The atmospheric density of Mars is only about 65,438+0% of that of the Earth. The weather is very dry and the temperature is very low. The average surface temperature is MINUS 55℃, and water and carbon dioxide are easy to freeze. In the early days of Mars, it was very similar to Earth. Like the earth, almost all the carbon dioxide on Mars has been converted into carbonaceous rocks. However, due to the lack of plate movement of the earth, Mars can't recycle carbon dioxide into its atmosphere again, so it can't produce significant greenhouse effect. Therefore, even if it is pulled to the same distance from the sun as the earth, the temperature on the surface of Mars is still much colder than the earth.

The thin atmosphere of Mars is mainly composed of carbon dioxide (95.3%), nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%), trace oxygen (0. 15%) and water vapor (0.03%). The average atmospheric pressure on the surface of Mars is only about 7 mbar (lower than 65,438+0% on Earth), but it varies with height, reaching 9 mbar in the deepest part of the basin and only 65,438+0 mbar at the top of Olympus. But it is enough to support hurricanes and big storms that occasionally sweep the whole earth. Although the thin atmosphere of Mars can also create a greenhouse effect, those that can only raise the surface temperature by 5℃ are far less than those of Venus and the earth.

The poles of Mars are permanently covered with solid carbon dioxide (dry ice). The structure of this ice sheet is layered, which is formed by the alternating overlapping of ice layers and the change of carbon dioxide layers. In the summer in the north, carbon dioxide is completely sublimated, and the rest is the ice water layer. Since the carbon dioxide in the south has never completely disappeared, it is impossible to know whether there is ice under the ice in the south (left). The reason for this phenomenon is unknown, but it may be that the long-term change of the angle between the equatorial plane of Mars and its orbit leads to climate change. Maybe there is water deeper under the surface of Mars. This change in polar cover caused by seasonal changes has changed the pressure on Mars by about 25%. (Viking survey).

However, the observation by Hubble telescope shows that the environment of Viking at that time was not typical. The atmosphere of Mars seems colder and drier than that detected by Viking. 20 15, 165438 10. On 5 October, NASA released the observation results about the atmosphere of Mars, and explained the reasons why its atmosphere was so thin. Observations show that the solar wind may be the chief culprit in depriving Mars of its atmosphere. The solar wind still takes away about100g of the Martian atmosphere every second. The solar wind is a high-speed particle flow from the sun. When it reaches Mars without the protection of magnetic field, it will generate an electric field to accelerate charged atoms called ions in the atmosphere of Mars and make them escape into space.