List the main hydropower stations in Yunnan Province, including location, installed capacity and other indicators.

Problem description:

Advantages and disadvantages of developing hydropower resources on environment and tourism! Your understanding of energy saving!

Analysis:

Chaoshan Hydropower Station is located on the Lancang River at the junction of Yunxian County in lincang and Jingdong Yi Autonomous County in Simao City. The normal water level of the reservoir is 899 meters, with a total storage capacity of 940 million cubic meters. The installed capacity of the power station is 1.350 MW, and the average annual power generation is 593 1 100 million kilowatts/hour.

Malutang Hydropower Station in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province is located on Panlong River, the largest river in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, in Malipo County. The mileage of the power station is about 36km away from Malipo County Highway, 1 16km away from Wenshan County Highway, and 439km away from Kunming Highway.

Xiluodu Hydropower Station is located in Xiluodu Gorge at the junction of Leibo County, Sichuan Province and Yongshan County, Yunnan Province, 770 kilometers away from Yibin River 184, Wuhan 1065 and Shanghai 1780. This is a power generation-oriented project, which has the functions of flood control and sand retention to improve the downstream reach. The normal water level of the power station is 600 meters, corresponding to the storage capacity1157 million cubic meters, and the regulated storage capacity is 6.46 billion cubic meters. With incomplete annual regulation capacity, the installed capacity is12.6 million kilowatts, and the initial average annual power generation is 5.710.20 billion kwh.

Promoting effect on environmental protection and social and economic development.

1 meets the requirements of sustainable development strategy.

Hydropower is pollution-free and clean energy, and the development of hydropower can realize the synchronous and coordinated development of energy development and utilization and environmental protection. The strategic position and role of hydropower in the development of electric power industry is extremely important, and it is irreplaceable by other energy sources. From the comprehensive economy of electric power development, hydropower development is not affected by fuel and its transportation price, which is conducive to improving the comprehensive economy of electric power construction. From the point of saving energy to the maximum, the earlier hydropower resources are developed, the more they will be saved. Therefore, accelerating hydropower development and fully and effectively utilizing hydropower resources is to save non-renewable coal.

2 the role of protecting the ecological environment

The role of hydropower development in protecting the ecological environment is mainly manifested in: ① slowing down sediment deposition and prolonging the life of downstream hydropower stations. The effective life of reservoir is an important index to measure its benefit. As far as the Yangtze River is concerned, the construction of hydropower stations in western Sichuan has a very significant effect of sand retention, which can effectively extend the service life of power stations such as the Three Gorges. If the ratio of the total storage capacity of the proposed Xiluodu hydropower station reservoir to the annual sediment discharge is 50∶ 1, and the reservoir has been in operation for 62 years, the suspended sediment deposition will be pushed to the front of the dam; After 75 years of operation, the suspended sediment will reach a relative balance. The annual sediment discharge of Xiluodu is 243 million tons, accounting for 45.9% of the sediment in the upper reaches of the Three Gorges Project. Therefore, after the completion of Xiluodu Reservoir, most of the sediment in Jinsha River will be intercepted, which will play an important role in solving the long-term sediment deposition problem at the reservoir tail of Three Gorges Power Station. ② Effectively reduce the ecological environment damage caused by flood in the basin. Dike construction is a common flood control measure in ancient and modern China and abroad. Dike construction in the Yangtze River basin has a history of 1000 years. At present, there are about 3,600 kilometers of trunk dikes and 30,000 kilometers of branch dikes in the Yangtze River Basin. The height of trunk dikes is generally 6 ~10m, and the highest is17m ... Due to poor foundation conditions and historical reasons, there are many hidden dangers in the dike body and dike foundation, which cannot be further raised, and the task of protection and reinforcement after flood season every year is very heavy. The flood peak of the main stream of the Yangtze River is high, and the flood discharge capacity of the river is seriously insufficient, so it is difficult to ensure flood control safety only by dikes. In the long run, it is necessary to build flood control reservoirs in the upper reaches, especially in western Sichuan, in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually reduce the pressure on flood storage and detention areas. According to estimates, the planned 10 tributary reservoir and the Three Gorges reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River will be uniformly dispatched. Even if a catastrophic flood like 1.954 occurs, the total amount of flood diversion and storage in the middle and lower reaches will be reduced by about1.400 million m3, and the flood control standards in various regions can be further improved. ③ Adjust water flow, increase water supply and improve water quality. On the one hand, the construction of hydropower station can reduce the fluctuation of downstream flow in wet season and dry season, and improve the water supply guarantee rate of cities along the river downstream of the dam; On the other hand, it can increase the discharge in dry season and increase the dilution ratio of river sewage downstream of the dam, which is conducive to improving water quality. The water quality of natural rivers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the western Sichuan reservoir area, is in good condition, and most of the indicators meet the first-class standards of the National Environmental Quality of Surface Water, with only a few indicators slightly exceeding the standard; The upstream of the project is vast and sparsely populated, with few domestic pollution sources. In addition, it is close to the snow mountain water source, and the water body has strong self-purification ability. It is expected that the water quality of the reservoir will not change much after impoundment, which is conducive to improving the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River [2]. ④ Provide clean energy and reduce environmental pollution. Energy is one of the main factors affecting the sustainable development of this region, and hydropower is internationally recognized as a clean and renewable energy source to promote sustainable development. It can not only replace thermal power and nuclear power, but also has the advantage of peak shaving. For example, if a hydropower station with an installed capacity of 2 million kilowatts is built, a thermal power station with the same scale will be built less, thus saving 5 million tons of raw coal and reducing 44 million kilograms of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide 1 1500 kilograms, 240,000 tons of sulfur dioxide and 0/400 tons of waste residue/kloc-0. ⑤ Improve the climate. Hydropower projects generally have large reservoirs, which can cool down in summer and warm up in winter, but the scope and extent of influence are not large. After the reservoir is filled with water, it can improve the climate of dry-hot valley, which is beneficial to the growth of wet-hot plants and improve the atmospheric environmental quality [3]. ⑥ Conducive to the development of eco-industry. Reservoirs can improve irrigation conditions, which is conducive to the development of eco-forestry, eco-agriculture, eco-animal husbandry, eco-fishery and eco-tourism, thus prospering the economy of the reservoir area, improving people's living standards and truly promoting the sustainable development of the upstream ecology, economy and society.

3. The pulling effect of hydropower development on regional economy

Hydropower resources are abundant resources with the most development conditions in the ecologically fragile areas of western China. The construction of hydropower projects can promote the development of related industries, open up financial resources and get rid of poverty and become rich. First of all, hydropower construction projects, as an industry, have a strong pulling effect on infrastructure and public utilities, have a strong connection effect with local areas, can be linked with high energy-consuming industries, and are conducive to promoting the coordinated development of regional economy, thus promoting the development of people, finance, materials, information and national culture. Secondly, hydropower resources in ecologically fragile areas have good matching, low cost and great potential, and hydropower construction projects should become the leading industries with realistic comparative advantages and potential comparative advantages. Third, the population carrying capacity in ecologically fragile areas is large, and there are few immigrants who build hydropower stations, which are easy to be resettled. Vigorously developing hydropower will bring the greatest social and economic benefits to ecologically fragile areas.

Hydropower development can solve the energy shortage problem of farmers and herdsmen.

Replacing firewood with electricity and adjusting unreasonable "timber finance" are beneficial to the construction of "natural forest protection project" and "green ecological barrier" in the Yangtze River basin. For a long time, energy has been one of the bottlenecks restricting the economic and social development in ecologically fragile areas. Due to energy shortage, firewood, straw and cattle manure are used as fuel for a long time in ecologically fragile areas, which reduces the fertility supply of land and grassland and the production capacity of crops and pasture. Therefore, ecologically fragile areas must take the road of sustainable development, accelerate the development of hydropower resources, replace firewood with electricity, solve the problem of firewood burning after returning farmland to forests and grasslands, reduce the damage to the ecological environment, protect the source of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and truly realize the sustainable utilization of water resources.

Disadvantages: The impact of hydropower development on the ecological environment is mainly caused by the construction of dams. Whether it is a large reservoir with good regulation performance or runoff power generation, the impact of hydropower development on the ecological environment is caused by the blockage of rivers by buildings (dams or other buildings), the change of water and sediment conditions, flooding and resettlement, and engineering construction. Its adverse effects mainly include: ① the impact of reservoir flooding and immigration on the environment. The impact of reservoir inundation on the ecological environment is various, mainly including land resources, forest resources and terrestrial plants, cultural relics, scenic spots, nature reserves, sanatoriums and other important political, military and cultural facilities, railways and highways, settlement environment, soil erosion caused by resettlement, environmental pollution caused by resettlement of township enterprises, etc. (2) Environmental problems caused by changes in reservoir water level and water and sediment conditions and their impacts. Its influence mainly includes: landslide collapse, reservoir-induced earthquake, sediment erosion and siltation, and rising groundwater level leading to land salinization and swamp; The impact of changes in physical and chemical characteristics of water quality and water temperature structure on the ecological environment, including the impact of water pollution on aquatic organisms and human health; Influence of reservoir runoff regulation on downstream ecological environment; Influence on backwater section, etc. (3) the impact of hydropower dams and other buildings on the ecological environment. These impacts mainly include: blocking the passage of some migratory fish, flooding fish spawning grounds, forming different aquatic ecosystems upstream and downstream of the dam, and changing the ecological habits of fish; Blocked shipping and driftwood. ④ Impact of dam construction on the environment. The environmental problems caused by dam construction mainly include the following aspects: (1) the dust flying caused by digging holes in hydropower station construction has adverse effects on the surrounding environment and people's health; Hydropower station construction wastewater has a large amount of discharge and high suspended solids content. If it is directly discharged into the river without treatment, it will reduce the downstream water quality, affect the water quality of towns and residents, and cause local river siltation. Waste slag from hydropower projects and quarry mining occupy a lot of land, and they will not be reclaimed and afforested after construction, which will greatly damage the landscape and vegetation. Abandoning slag at will will easily lead to local soil erosion, river siltation, water level elevation in downstream rivers, etc. Among these adverse effects, apart from irreversible adverse factors, different preventive measures can be taken according to their nature, degree and consequences, combined with China's national conditions. Thousands of years of human history show that population migration is inextricably linked with natural resources, social and economic development and the pursuit of a better living environment and living standards, which is the inevitable result of human social development. However, reservoir migration is a large number of organized population migration caused by the construction of reservoirs in the process of developing and utilizing water resources, which is involuntary and involves many aspects such as society, environment and resources. Reservoir resettlement is often a restrictive factor in the construction scale of hydropower stations. For example, improper resettlement will affect the production and life of thousands of people and the local economic development, social stability and ecological environment. First of all, the number of reservoir immigrants is large and concentrated; Secondly, the economic loss of immigrants is large; Third, immigration opportunities and challenges coexist. Reservoir migrants are often located in remote mountainous areas and lack of infrastructure. Therefore, the construction of hydropower stations not only brings a lot of social, economic and resource losses to immigrants, but also brings new development opportunities to immigrants. Of course, if the immigrants cannot be properly resettled, it may bring disastrous losses to the immigrants, lead to secondary poverty, plunge them into a vicious circle of "poverty" and "disaster", and induce social unrest.