Explain how Kangxi viewed the world at that time with historical thinking.

Kangxi is the British monarch in the history of China, and he has the reputation of "Emperor through the ages". Kangxi was proud of his talent, but he never took seriously the opinions in Ming Yi and Dai Lu by Huang Zongxi. Although the ceremony is respected, it is only regarded as a "legacy" like other Confucian scholars, and it is only respected and respected.

In the middle and late Qing dynasty, the national strength began to lag far behind the west, and Kangxi's rut and lack of innovation in his later years had an unshirkable responsibility. Shi Jingqian, a British historian, criticized Kangxi for three things: first, the entanglement of succession to the throne was a bit of a dilemma; Second, although Kangxi loved western learning, appointed Jesuits and allowed him to preach, he didn't trust the West, so there was a dispute over etiquette, and Yongzheng banned teaching. Third, Kangxi prided himself on paying taxes lightly and thinly to show his wealth. However, his policy of never paying taxes according to the cultivated land area has nothing to do with the population, so although the population has increased, it has not paid taxes, which has caused financial difficulties to the successors of Kangxi.

In order to seize Taiwan Province Province from Zheng and isolate Taiwan Province Province, during the reign of Kangxi, the policy of moving the border and forbidding the sea was implemented, and residents within 30 miles of the coast were required to move inward and were not allowed to enter the water. First, it was implemented in Fujian coastal areas, and then it was extended to Guangdong and Zhejiang coastal areas. The Qing government demarcated a coastal area (from the initial 30-mile coastal area to the later 40-mile coastal area, 50-mile coastal area or even 200-300-mile coastal area), set up boundary markers and even built boundary walls to force the coastal residents in this area to move. Those who dare not move will be killed without forgiveness, and those who dare to cross the border will be killed without forgiveness. In a word, the whole southeast coast of China, from 30 miles to 2,300 miles from the seaside, has become a no-man's land, no-man's land and no-restricted area. The harm and sequelae caused by this policy far exceed a large-scale war and struggle.

In addition, Liang Qichao, Shao Lizi and others thought that when Kangxi was in power, he was very interested in western science and technology, but people outside himself were forbidden to study, because they were worried that once the advanced western science and technology spread, it would greatly shake the unity and governance of the Manchu dynasty, which started with riding and shooting, and lead to China's retrogression in the research and development of fire and weapons. According to the diary of missionary Zhang Cheng, Kangxi was not allowed to preach, teach or translate any scientific documents in the yamen where there were Han Chinese and Mongolian ancients. At the end of Kangxi in the18th century, Luo, Ma, Jiao and the imperial court banned China people's religions, disciples, sacrifices and ancestors, which caused a etiquette dispute, which prompted the Qing court to counter and ordered that "from now on, if you don't follow Matteo Ricci's rules, you will never be allowed to live in China and be deported". This has also caused the decline of Chinese civilization represented by the Han nationality to a certain extent. Liang Qichao said that Kangxi's science was a tool to attack others. "Even if he didn't mean to kill people's wisdom, it would be a mistake."

Kangxi advocated Confucianism, especially Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. He held many well-read courses, established the system of studying in South China, and visited the Confucius Temple in Qufu. Kangxi also organized the editing and publication of books, calendars and maps such as Kangxi Dictionary, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, Calendar Examination, Mathematical Essentials, Kangxi Calendar, Kangxi Imperial Map, etc.

Kangxi was also very interested in western culture. He learned algebra, geometry, astronomy and medicine from missionaries in China and wrote a lot. But this is only limited to personal interests, and Kangxi did not encourage science to educate the people. Later, Kangxi gradually discovered that Luo, Ma, Jiao and Ting tried to interfere in the politics of the Qing Dynasty too much, and the prince believed in, admired, admired and taught it as a tool for power and profit, so he began to resist heaven, the Lord and religion.

Kangxi was basically tolerant of religion and religion. He not only taught Tibetan, Buddhism, religion, faith and worship in Manchuria and Europe, but also generally accepted the basics, supervision, teaching, teaching, scholars, giving lectures and Taoism, and praised Changyue Wang, a Taoist priest, a Taoist priest, and walked by the door.

1649, the Qing court stipulated: "From now on, China ink stick slips must be produced and edited by courtiers before they can be published, and all other miscellaneous manuscripts of the Housing Department are prohibited." This is the earliest autocratic system of censorship. Yue characters appeared in the Qianlong period of Kangxi and Yongzheng, with a total number of more than 100 words. During the Kangxi period, there were more than 20 literary inquisitions. Among them, Zhuang's Ming History case and Nanshan Collection case are even more shocking in 17 1 1. Generally speaking, when Kangxi was in power, those who accepted, cherished, softened, lenient, tolerant, political, strategic, unified and ruled intellectuals did not take the literary inquisition as a conscious political and strategic way to town, suppress, oppose, clear, know, know, divide, divide, or be Han, ethnic, scholar, big and husband. At that time, both Gu's poetry anthology and Wang Fuzhi's Zi Zhi Tong Jian had obvious strong feelings about people, race, emotion and environment, which were not investigated.

The harm of literature, literature and prison: it has a bad influence on thought, culture and scholar's atmosphere. Reading and writing are always in trouble, so scholars have to lose their minds and integrity, or cling to stereotyped writing and recite the teachings of Confucius, Mencius and Zhu Cheng in order to enter the imperial examination; Or stay away from sensitive academic fields and reality and devote all your energy to exegesis and textual research, which is called the study of Ganjia in history. Text, word, prison, defeat, bad, bad, official, field, wind, gas. Most of the Qing Dynasty, Korea, officials and officials passed the imperial examination. As literati, they may become sacrifices, victims and products of literature, figures and prisons; As officials and servants, they are also the makers or accomplices of the literary inquisition. On the one hand, they don't want to touch the net and die; On the other hand, I don't want to be convicted because I didn't effectively execute the emperor's imperial edict and couldn't strictly investigate the responsibility of writing.

After receiving and restoring Taiwan Province and the Gulf, Kangxi opened the sea and customs, and set up four trading ports. Later, this policy ran through history of qing dynasty.

Kangxi's unification and governance also had a dark side. He used the cruel way of "literary inquisition" to attack the Han scholars in the south of the Yangtze River, which led to a long dark period of China culture. For example, in the fifty years of Kangxi, there were events in the south of Dai Mingshi, mountains, cases, writing, figures and prisons.

Kangxi was the longest-serving emperor in history of qing dynasty. He took office in Beijing, and achieved wars, struggles, victories and gains against San Francisco, Saudi Arabia and Russia, wiped out the politics and power of the Han nationality in Taiwan Province Province, and showed Kangxi's outstanding military command ability. On the other hand, when Kangxi was a teenager, he defeated his political and ruling rival Ao Bai. When he was old, he used the "literary inquisition" to crack down on Han dissidents. Kangxi founded "Duolun Meng Hui" instead of war, struggle and contact with Mongolian ministries; It is intended to ensure the territorial control of Heilongjiang by the Qing dynasty, the government and the government through treaties.

Kangxi flaunted benevolent government and worked hard in his later years, which led to the management of officials, officials, greed, pollution and corrupt officials. In the forty-ninth year of Kangxi, the imperial messenger illegally occupied and embezzled more than 642,000 yuan of silver in the Ministry and the Ministry, involving as many as 1 12 officials. Kangxi said, "I think about it over and over again, and I can't sleep all night. If I interrogate Iraq, many people will be convicted. " In the end, only Schiphol was dismissed, and the rest of the officials were limited to paying compensation. In the last years of Kangxi, social contradictions became increasingly fierce. 36, a native of Wuxi County, Jiangsu Province, was arrested after gathering hundreds of people to resist in the mountains because the county magistrate Li Mu was cruel.

Moving to the border and forbidding the sea was another tyranny in the early Qing Dynasty, mainly in the Kangxi period, which lasted from the last year of Shunzhi to the twenty-second year of Kangxi. Due to the unification, governance and deliberate concealment of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, historical materials in this area are quite scarce, and even if there are individual cases involved, most of them are understated and vague. (There is a scene in the TV series Kangxi Dynasty in which Yao Qisheng, the governor of Fujian, mobilizes Fujian coastal residents to migrate. The main purpose of this policy is to recapture Taiwan Province Province from Zheng.

For the sake of loneliness, independence, Taiwan, Taiwan, Qing dynasty, government and government, residents within 30 miles of the coast are required to move inward and are not allowed to board ships and enter the water. First, it was implemented in Fujian coastal areas, and then it was extended to Guangdong and Zhejiang coastal areas. In the Qing Dynasty, the government and the government demarcated a coastal area (from the first 30 miles or so to the later 40 miles, 50 miles or even 200 miles), erected boundary markers and even built boundary walls, forcing the coastal residents in this area to move, killing those who dared not move and killing those who dared to cross the border. In a word, make the whole southeast coast of China, 30-2300 miles from the seaside, a no-man's land.

According to the History of Nanming, "In February of the first year of Kangxi, Guangdong migrated coastal residents, and the Qing court sent two ministers, Ke Kun and Jia Shan, to inspect the coast", which made the coastal people know that they had migrated five miles inland to help Taiwan Province Province. So the soldiers broke through the border and lived there for three days, emptying their people. "

In the second year of Kangxi, "Lord China came to inspect the border and then moved the people." Jiayin moved to Panyu, Shunde, Xinhui, Dongguan and Xiangshan in the third year of Kangxi. "At first, the border was close, then it was far away, and then it was far away. It was settled in three steps." Unlike the current Three Gorges migrants, the process of coastal relocation is not to settle the migrants first and give them appropriate economic compensation, and then move the residents out step by step. The process of moving along the coast is not so much immigration as cruel driving, driving, killing, killing and looting. Since the Song Dynasty, the southeast coastal areas have gradually become the richest and most prosperous areas in China. In an instant, the wealth and productivity accumulated over thousands of years have gone up in smoke, and the manpower has been wiped out!

In more than 20 years, China has changed from a coastal country to a landlocked country. The damage and sequelae it caused far exceeded a large-scale war. The only gain was that Taiwan Province, Taiwan Province, Taiwan Province, economy and economy were in trouble for a while, which laid the groundwork for the platform of Emperor Kangxi later.

In the Qing dynasty, merchants and civilians were not allowed to go out because of the sea ban, official ban and policy ban. Sea, trade, trade and commerce are not allowed to go to sea. Those who violate the ban are all executed, and the goods are not collected by officials. The implementation of this policy of sea, prohibition and politics is mainly aimed at dealing with the maritime forces of Zheng Chenggong and his descendants, not at foreign countries. Therefore, after the Qing Dynasty regained Taiwan Province Province in 1683, it gradually liberalized, liberalized and banned the sea, allowing foreign trade. However, in the early Qianlong period, in response to the insatiable demands of Britain, China and other western countries, the Qing government strengthened the restrictions on foreign trade, ordered the closure of other trading ports except Guangzhou, and promulgated laws and regulations that strictly bound foreign businessmen, forming the so-called "customs, customs, politics and policies". Customs, customs, politics and policies ran through the years of Qianlong and Jiaqing, and continued until the eve of Daoguang crow, movies, war and struggle. The so-called customs, closure, politics and policies refer to the policies and guidelines of the Qing dynasty that strictly restricted and prohibited, stopped, opposed, diplomacy, diplomacy, trade and trade.

There are three main contents: restricting trade with one port (Guangzhou), strictly restricting foreign activities, and restricting Chinese businessmen from going to sea. There are three reasons for this policy: the short-sightedness and ignorance of the unified rulers of the Qing Dynasty are the direct reasons for the "closed door"; The feudal self-sufficient natural economy is relatively stable and has strong resistance to foreign goods, which is the economic root of closure, customs, imprisonment, country, government and policy. Third, the need for unified governance in the Qing Dynasty. In order to prevent the contact between Chinese and foreign anti-Qing forces and the infiltration of the West and the East, the Qing Dynasty unified, ruled and locked the country, government and policies by colonization, people, democracy and justice.

Closed, closed and locked, the state, government and policies have a certain self-defense function against the invasion of the West, the East, the colonies, the people and foreigners in a certain period of time, but they are passive and backward policies after all. Because the closed, closed, political and strategic policies can't weaken the strength of the West, the East, capital, capital, democracy, justice, country and family, but hinder its own development, make China lose the initiative in diplomacy, commerce and trade, and make its rulers ignorant and arrogant, cut off the scientific and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, hinder the development of productive forces and social progress, and widen the gap between China and the West. There are undoubtedly many reasons for being trampled on and humiliated for a hundred years, but the country should be the culprit!