How long did the Xixia dynasty last?

Xixia was a dynasty established in the history of China, with the Tangut as the main body and Xingqing House (now Yinchuan, Ningxia) as its capital. Its founder was Jing Zong Li Yuanhao, the emperor of Xia Dynasty.

The Tangut was originally a branch of the Qiang nationality and lived in the Yellow River Qu area in the southeast of Qinghai. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, the Tangut Tuoba family took Zhou Xia (now Hengshan, Shaanxi Province) as the envoy of the Central Plains Dynasty and ruled the land of the five countries. After two generations' hard work, Li (Yuan Hao's grandfather) and Li Deming (Yuan Hao's father) carried out the strategy of relying on Liao and Song to fight Tubo and Uighur, and developed westward, occupying Xiliangfu (now Wuwei, Gansu), Ganzhou (now Zhangye North, Gansu), Guazhou (now Anxi East, Gansu) and other States, and controlling the Hexi Corridor. In the ninth year of Song Renzong Tiansheng (A.D. 103 1), Li Deming died and Li Yuanhao succeeded to the throne. He no longer accepted titles, abolished the surnames given to Li and Zhao in the Tang and Song Dynasties and changed his surname to "Woods" (Qing). Subsequently, Li Yuanhao implemented a series of reforms, such as changing hair styles, fixing clothes, creating characters, simplifying etiquette, and establishing an official system. And promote Xingzhou to Xingqing House, expand Miyagi, and prepare to establish the country and proclaim itself emperor. In the first year of Jingyou in Song Renzong (AD 1034), it began to attack the Song Dynasty, and defeated Song Jun in Fuzhou (now Fugu, Shanxi), Zhou Huan (now Huanxian, Gansu) and Qingzhou (now Qingyang, Gansu). In the first year of Baoyuan in Song Renzong (A.D. 1038), Yuanhao officially proclaimed himself emperor, and another day was the first year of Zuoyan, with the title of Daxia, which was called Xixia in history. The territory of Xixia is bordered by the Yellow River in the east, Yumenguan (now a small Fangcheng in Dunhuang, Gansu) in the west, Xiaoguan (now Huanxian, Gansu) in the south and the desert in the north. In its heyday, it ruled 22 states, including today's Ningxia and northwestern Shaanxi, northwestern Gansu, northeastern Qinghai and parts of Inner Mongolia. Xixia * * * calendar ten emperors, before and after one hundred and ninety years. It is as famous as Liao, Northern Song, Jin and Southern Song.

The political system of Xixia was greatly influenced by the Song Dynasty, and the establishment of the official system basically imitated the Northern Song Dynasty. The central administrative organs are: Zhongshu Province, Privy Council, Third Division, Yushitai, Kaifeng Prefecture, Yiwei Division, Official Planning Division, Receiving Division, Tiansi Division, Pastoral Division, Longfei Academy, Moding Division, Siwen Academy, Xue Fan, Sinology and so on. The local administrative establishment is divided into two levels: state and county, and sometimes there are county governments in special political centers and military and national defense places.

The military system of Xixia was developed on the basis of the military system of Tangut tribe and absorbed the system of Song Dynasty. The Privy Council is the highest military administrative body in Xixia, which consists of various departments. The army consists of three parts: the central guard, the fleeing troops and the local troops. The Central Guard includes Proton Army, Imperial Guard and Shi Jing Garrison. Proton army, with a population of about 5000, is a garrison composed of people who are good at riding and shooting, and is responsible for defending the safety of the emperor. Known as the "Royal Six Classes", it is divided into three places. There are 3,000 people in the Royal Guards, selected from various military units in China. They were all heavily armored cavalry, divided into ten teams, each with 300 people, and went in and out with the emperor. A well-trained garrison, with 25,000 people, is well-equipped and stationed in Beijing, which is the main force of the central guard. There are about100000 deserters, and they are the elite troops of Xixia. The main task is to carry out key mobile operations. It was named after the enemy was captured as a slave in the battle. Xixia local army is subordinate to the military and political supervision department, with 500 thousand people. The arms are mainly cavalry and infantry. Xixia's military service system is a system in which all the people are soldiers, not divorced from production at ordinary times, and participate in combat in wartime.

Tangut used to be mainly engaged in animal husbandry and hunting. By learning the advanced agricultural production technology of Han nationality, the agricultural economy has developed rapidly. By the time Xixia was established, agricultural production had become the main sector of Xixia's social economy. After the founding of Xixia in Li Yuanhao, Jing Zong paid more attention to the development of agricultural production, vigorously built water conservancy projects, and personally presided over the construction of the irrigation canal from Qingtongxia to Pingluo, which was called "Haowangqu" or "Liwangqu" in history. Since then, Xingqingfu and Lingzhou have been the main bases of Xixia grain production. The rulers of Xixia paid more attention to animal husbandry production while developing agriculture. The state has set up a special animal husbandry department to take charge of animal husbandry management. The animal husbandry areas in Xixia are mainly distributed in the north of Hengshan Mountain and Hexi Corridor. The main livestock are sheep, horses, camels and cows, as well as donkeys, mules and pigs. Due to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the rapid improvement of social productivity, the handicraft production and commercial trade in Xixia also developed rapidly. The handicraft production of Xixia, such as smelting, salt mining, brick and tile, ceramics, textile, paper making, printing, brewing, gold and silver wood products, etc., also has a certain scale and level.

Under the advocacy of Xixia rulers, the Tangut is a nation that accepts more China culture at the same time. It can be said that the core of Xixia culture is Confucian culture.

Xixia was destroyed by Mongols in the second year of the last emperor Baoyi (A.D. 1227).