What is the relationship between reservoir and dam?

The dam is the water retaining levee of the reservoir.

General reservoir dams are mainly composed of main dam, auxiliary dam, gravity dam, normal spillway, emergency spillway, newly-added emergency spillway, Zhengling canal culvert and power station.

After the reservoir is completed, it can play a role in flood control, water storage irrigation, water supply, power generation, fish farming and so on. Sometimes natural lakes are also called reservoirs. Reservoirs are usually divided into small, medium and large reservoirs according to their storage capacity.

Extended data:

Classification of dams:

Dams can be divided into concrete dams and earth-rock dams.

The dam type is selected according to the natural conditions, building materials, construction site, diversion, construction period and cost of the dam site.

1. Concrete dams are divided into three types: gravity dams, arch dams and buttress dams.

1. Gravity dam: Rely on the friction between dam weight and foundation to bear the thrust of water and maintain stability.

Gravity dam has the advantages of simple structure, easy construction and good durability, which is suitable for high dam construction on rock foundation and convenient for setting drainage structures. However, the gravity dam has a large volume and a large amount of cement, and the material strength has not been fully utilized.

2. Arch dam: It is a spatial shell structure, arched in plan and protruding upstream. The horizontal load is transformed into axial pressure through the action of arch, which is transferred to the bedrock on both banks. Arch frames on both sides of the river support the dam and keep it stable. Arch dams have high overload capacity. Arch dams have higher requirements for foundation and rocks on both banks, which is more difficult than gravity dams.

The narrow valley dam site with hard and complete rock foundation on both banks is especially suitable for building arch dams. Generally, the ratio of dam bottom thickness t to maximum dam height h (T/H) is less than 0. 1, which is called thin arch dam. 0. 1 ~ 0.3 is called an arch dam; Between 0.4 and 0.6 is called gravity arch dam. If the T/H value is large, the arch has little effect, that is, it is close to the gravity dam.

3. buttress dam: it consists of inclined cover and buttress. The pier supports the cover plate, and the water pressure is transferred from the cover plate to the pier and then from the pier to the foundation. Pier dam is one of the most economical and reliable dam types. Compared with gravity dam, it has the advantages of small volume, low cost and strong adaptability to foundation.

According to the covering form, buttress dams can be mainly divided into three types:

(1) A flat dam is called a flat dam.

(2) The arch cover is called a multi-arch dam;

(3) A dam whose cover is thickened by the upstream end of the pier is called a big head dam.

Pier dams are usually concrete or reinforced concrete structures. Compared with gravity dams, buttress dams have the following characteristics: the upstream cover plate is often inclined, and the weight of water on the cover plate helps to stabilize the dam;

The pier and dam members are thin and the internal stress is uniform, which can give full play to the strength of the material; The lateral stiffness of the pier is small, so the working condition of the pier should be checked when designing. The requirements of buttress dam on foundation conditions are higher than those of gravity dam.

Second, the earth-rock dam

Including earth dams, rockfill dams, earth-rock mixed dams, etc. , also collectively referred to as local material dam. It has the advantages of local materials, saving cement and low requirements for dam site foundation conditions. Generally, an earth dam consists of dam body, impervious body, drainage body and slope protection.

1. Dam body: the main component of the dam. Under the action of water pressure and self-weight, the dam body mainly relies on its own weight to maintain stability.

2. Impervious body: Its main function is to reduce the amount of water seepage from upstream to downstream, generally including core wall, inclined wall and bedding.

3. Drainage body: The main function is to guide the upstream seepage to the downstream and enhance the stability of the downstream slope protection.

4. Slope protection: to prevent the dam from being damaged by waves, ice, temperature changes and rainwater runoff.

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