History of Zhongshan (please read more)

Zhongshan is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province, with 24 townships [1], and it is one of the four prefecture-level cities without counties in China. Located in the south-central part of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangzhou in the north and Macau in the north, the city has a total area of 1.80 square kilometers, an annual average temperature of 20℃ and a registered population of 1.4 1.000. Zhongshan is the hometown of Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of China's great revolution, and also a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. More than 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan live in 87 countries and regions on five continents. Zhongshan is one of the coastal open cities in China. In recent years, the strategy of "strengthening the city by industry" has been vigorously promoted, and high-tech industrial parks such as national packaging and printing base, national health science and technology industrial base, electronic information industrial base and private science and technology park have been built one after another. Basically, a diversified product structure with high-tech industries as the leader and high-quality products as the fist has been formed, including Robust drinks, Yale Guli locks, Kaida Fine Chemicals, Vantage gas appliance, Jiahua Electronics and a number of well-known products at home and abroad. Xiaolan hardware, ancient town lighting, Shaxi leisure clothing, large mahogany furniture, south air conditioning, Huangpu food and other regional characteristic economies are booming, and their products occupy a large market share in the country. Global top 500 enterprises have set up more than 20 enterprises in Zhongshan. In 2003, the city achieved a GDP of 5065438+40 million yuan and a total industrial output value of 154429 million yuan. In 2008, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Zhongshan City reached 2 1999 yuan, ranking fourth in Guangdong Province. In 2008, Zhongshan's GDP increased by 10.5%, and the city's GDP reached1408.52 billion yuan, ranking fifth in Guangdong Province. In 2008, the total industrial output value of Zhongshan exceeded 400 billion yuan, and the output value of high-tech products exceeded 654.38+0.20 billion yuan. Zhongshan Landscape The investment environment in Zhongshan City is very attractive. The existing highway mileage in the city is 1067 km, forming a highway network extending in all directions with national highways, trunk highways and Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway as the skeleton; Within a radius of 90 kilometers, there are five airports in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macau. Railway transportation reaches all parts of the country through Guangzhou. At present, with the opening of Shenwan Port, Zhongshan has formed a "Pin"-shaped wharf layout from zhongshan port in the east, Shenwan Port in the south and Xiaolan Port in the north. Among them, the annual container throughput of zhongshan port ranks 10 in China and 100 in the world. The flight from zhongshan port to Hongkong takes only 75 minutes. With sufficient water supply and power supply, Zhongshan has initially established a broadband high-speed and large-capacity information network with the urban area as the hub and running through towns and large and medium-sized enterprises, forming the "Zhongshan Information Expressway". Zhongshan City covers an area of 1800 square kilometers. Population: 1, 423,000 long-distance telephone area code: 0760, car license plate: T before the number, postal code: 528400, seat of the Municipal People's Government: Songyuan Road, East District 1. Administrative divisions: Shi Qi District, East District, West District, South District, Wuguishan and other five offices, Xiaolan, Guzhen, Henglan, Dongsheng, Port, Shaxi, Dayong, Huangpu, Nantou, Dongfeng, Fusha, Sanjiao, Min Min, Nanlang, Sanxiang, Tanzhou, Banfu, Shenwan and so on1. It has jurisdiction over 1 National Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 5 sub-district offices and 18 towns, with a total area of 1.80 square kilometers and a registered population of 1.423 million. There are more than 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Zhongshan, formerly known as Xiangshan, is the hometown of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great revolutionary forerunner of China. Shaoxing was established in the 22nd year of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 152). In memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, it was renamed Zhongshan County in 1925, and was set up in 1983, and was upgraded to a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province in 1988. In recent years, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, Zhongshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have thoroughly implemented the spirit of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 16th CPC Central Committee, vigorously promoted the construction of a harmonious society, adhered to the strategies of "strengthening the city through industry", "governing the city according to law" and "revitalizing the city through science and education", and made new achievements in economic and social construction. In 2006, the city's GDP was 65.438+0036 billion yuan, the per capita GDP of household registration was 7365.438+098 yuan, and the national tax revenue was 65.438+05.749 billion yuan. The general budget revenue of local finance is 6.645 billion yuan, ranking fifth among cities above prefecture level in the province. The fixed assets investment of the whole society was 34.277 billion yuan. Xiangshan county has a history of more than 840 years, and has experienced several stages of economic and cultural development from inferior county to big county to model county to special county to city. Xiangshan belonged to Panyu County in Han Dynasty, Dongguan County in Jin Dynasty and Dongguan County in Tang Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 152), Xiangshan County was established, belonging to a group of islands in Guangzhou, "separating the South China Sea, Panyu and Xinhui coasts". There is no land connection between the two, and the land is vast and sparsely populated, and the economy is backward. Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties were all listed as inferior counties by the imperial court. Ming's Yongle Grand Ceremony said: "Xiangshan is a city, an island in the sea, the narrowest land and the poorest people." In the 23rd year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1684), Guangdong announced the abolition of the order of "moving the boundary", and several originally separated islands were connected with Shunde and Nanhai land due to the land connection of Shatian, and agriculture, commerce and transportation suddenly developed. During the Jiaqing and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty, it was "a big county in the south (sea), Fan (danger), Shun (Germany) and East (ten thousand)" and "rich in household registration, driving away other cities". 1866165438+1October 12 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was born in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County. After the Republic of China, Zhongshan County was directly under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. In February of the Republic of China 18 (1929), the National Government 19 the State Council identified Zhongshan County as a national model county with "Zhongshan County as the hometown of Premier (Sun Yat-sen)" and "Zhongshan County is the most prosperous area in central Guangdong, with huge financial revenue, early development of people's wisdom and numerous talents". 1925 March, Dr. Sun Yat-sen passed away. On April 15 of the same year, Xiangshan County was renamed Zhongshan County to commemorate Dr. Sun Yat-sen. 1950 April, Zhongshan County was listed as a special county by Guangdong Provincial Civil Affairs Department because of its dense population, vast land and rich tax revenue. 1 983,65438+February, Zhongshan withdrew its county to set up a city, 1988,1,and was upgraded to a provincial city. Therefore, Zhongshan has become the only city in China named after a great man. Since the mid-1980s, it has been known as one of the "Four Little Dragons" in Guangdong due to its rapid economic and social development. 1997 was awarded the World Habitat Award by the United Nations. In 2005, Zhongshan ranked 17 in the ranking of China's comprehensive competitiveness published by China Academy of Social Sciences. In 2005, Zhongshan was awarded the title of the first batch of "National Civilized City" and became one of the nine cities in China that won this honor. Zhongshan City is located in the south-central part of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao in the north, with an area of 189 1.95 square kilometers and a built-up area of 35.6 square kilometers. The total population is 2.435 million, the registered population is 6.5438+0.408 million, and the annual average temperature is 22℃. Zhongshan is the hometown of Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of China's great revolution, and also a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. More than 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan live in 87 countries and regions on five continents.

Zhongshan, known as Xiangshan in ancient times, is named after "many fairy flowers". The ancient Xiangshan is an island in Dingling Ocean outside the Pearl River Estuary. Its territory is now Wugui Mountain and Fenghuang Mountain (now Zhuhai City) and the surrounding mountains and hills, that is, the land from Shi Qi to Macau. Since the Tang Dynasty, a vast alluvial plain has gradually formed due to the continuous deposition of a large amount of sediment carried by the Pearl River current in this area. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the land that changed from the sea to the alluvial plain accounted for about two-thirds of the original land area, and people called it the Eighteen Sands in the West Sea, namely Xiaolan, Dongsheng, Tanbei and Henglan. In the Ming Dynasty, the alluvial plain continued to expand, and the land formed at this time was called Sixteen Sands in the East China Sea, namely Dongfeng, Nantou, Huangpu, Fusha, Triangle, Wave Net, People and Port. By the Qing Dynasty, the southwest plains such as Banfu, Shenwan, Sanxiang and Tanzhou, which are now south of the port and east of Modaomen Waterway, were formed. Vicissitudes and great changes have integrated northern Shi Qi with Shunde and Panyu mainland, and become a part of the alluvial plain in the Pearl River Delta.

After liberation, archaeologists have discovered nine Neolithic cultural sites, including Mashan in the west of Shi Qi and Longxue Village in Nanlang, and unearthed many stone tools, painted pottery, sand pottery and other artifacts, indicating that in the middle and late Neolithic period in Zhongshan, 5,000 years ago, indigenous Guyue people fished and lived on Xiangshan Island.

Xiangshan Island was a land of hundreds of seas during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qin belongs to Nanhai County, Han belongs to Panyu County of Nanhai County, Jin belongs to Dongguan County, Sui belongs to Baoan County, and Tang belongs to Dongguan County. It is set as Xiangshan Town, and its jurisdiction is now Shi Qi, Shaxi, Dayong, Nanqu, Shenwan, Sanxiang, Shenwan, Shitang, Cuiheng, Wuguishan and Nanlang. In the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 152), at the suggestion of Chen Tianjue, a scholar, Dongguan County ordered Yao Xiaozi to set up Xiangshan County, which "cut off the coastal areas of Nanhai, Panyu and Xinhui counties" and belonged to Guangzhou.

At the beginning of the establishment of Xiangshan County, the territory was a group of disconnected islands with a population of nearly 10,000 households, which was a backward semi-fishing and semi-agricultural economy. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and several dynasties before the middle of Qing Dynasty, they were all classified as inferior counties. In the meantime, in 1553, the Portuguese entered Macao and exercised autonomy. 1849, Xiangshan lost its sovereignty over Macao. During Jiaqing and Daoguang years in Qing Dynasty, due to the rapid deposition of Satanism and the emphasis on recuperation, and the repeated immigration of Central Plains immigrants, the population of the county increased greatly, and advanced production technology and excellent varieties were brought. Xiangshan county's agricultural production has developed rapidly, and it has become fertile soil in Guangdong for a time, "with rich household registration, driving out of the field".

19 1 1 year, the revolution of 1911 broke out and won. 192 1 On May 5, 2000, the National Government of the Republic of China was established in Guangzhou, and Sun Yat-sen became the president, announcing the beginning of the military and political period and improving political institutions at all levels. Xiangshan county carried out the activities of elected county magistrate in summer and autumn, and Wu Tiecheng was elected. 1March, 925 12, Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing. On April 15, Xiangshan County was renamed Zhongshan County to commemorate Sun Yat-sen ... The people of Zhongshan (Xiangshan) have a glorious revolutionary tradition in the modern history of China, which has been fully carried forward in the revolutionary era of nearly half a century, and its revolutionary spirit of defending the nation-state after death has influenced it to this day.

19 1 1 year165438+1October 6-7, driven by the Wuchang Uprising, the revolutionary armed forces in Xiangshan County, directly led by the Macau General Branch of the Southern Coordination Department of the China League, marched into the county from Longdu, Du Liang and Qianshan. This was the Xiangshan Uprising in 19 1 1 year. When Long Jiguang was in Guangdong, Ren Henian and Lin Jing, revolutionaries of Xiangshan County, were equal to 19 16 and launched the Longdu Uprising. There have been many battles in Shiqihai, Mashan and Xihe Road, which have dealt a great blow to Long Jiguang and his agents in Xiangshan. Later generations set up Xiqi Xishan Monument to commemorate this event.

1937 After the July 7th Incident, the Japanese army invaded Sanzao Island (now Zhuhai) in the seventh district of Zhongshan County in February 1938. Zhongshan entered the period of joint anti-Japanese war. Under the joint anti-Japanese war, it won the battles of Hengmen and Zhangjiabian at 1939. 1940 After the fall of Zhongshan, the people of Zhongshan County, under the leadership of Zhongshun Central County Committee and China Pearl River Special Committee, established Zhongshan Anti-guerrilla Brigade based on Wuguishan, actively carried out the anti-Japanese armed struggle behind enemy lines, and won the battles in Sancun, Qi 'ao Island and Wuguishan District. According to statistics, during the whole War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Zhongshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla fought 140 times with the Japanese army under the direct command of Guangdong Nanfan Zhongshun Guerrilla Command and Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Pearl River Column. Their leaders, such as Lin, Liang Jia and others, made contributions to the liberation of Zhongshan and were praised by future generations.

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Kuomintang launched a large-scale civil war regardless of the people's desire for peace and democracy, and the Zhongshan Mission did a lot of propaganda work for this. 1949 In the second half of the year, the Party organizations and people's armed organizations in Zhongshan County expanded rapidly. For example, the Zhongshan Independent Regiment of the China People's Liberation Army (hereinafter referred to as "Zhongshan Independent Regiment") was established in Changjiang Township of Zhongshan County in mid-September, which made full preparations for the liberation of Zhongshan County.

1949, 10 year 10 on October 30th, Zhongshan local people's armed forces, the original people in Wuguishan base area and the vanguard troops of Guangdong and Guangxi columns of China People's Liberation Army successfully joined forces in Shi Qi, which was the liberation day of Zhongshan. 1August 4, 950, the whole territory of Zhongshan was liberated.

The ancient Zhongshan (Xiangshan) is unknown in the history of social development in China, and it is in a relatively backward position in the whole Pearl River Delta region, both economically and culturally. This situation was basically improved until the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. In the 23rd year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1684), Guangdong announced the abolition of the "border relocation" order, and since then, Zhongshan's social economy and culture have entered a period of rapid development. By the time of the Republic of China, Zhongshan had become a big county known as "Land of Abundance", with rich local fiscal revenue, and was identified as a national model county by the National Government in 1929, and in 65438+.

After liberation, Zhongshan County developed rapidly. 1April, 950, it was listed as a special county by Guangdong Provincial Civil Affairs Department. Since then, although Zhongshan has gradually been divided into Zhuhai County, Doumen County (mostly) and some places have been assigned to Panyu County, Shunde County and Xinhui County, its main economic indicators are still in the forefront of more than 0/00 counties in the province. From 65438 to 0982, Zhongshan County was listed as one of the rich counties in China by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. 1983,65438+In February, Zhongshan was allowed to change from county to city. 1988,65438+10, Zhongshan was upgraded to a prefecture-level city and entered the process of urban economic development with remarkable achievements. 1989, Zhongshan was listed as one of the first six cities in China to enter a well-off level by the National Bureau of Statistics.

Zhongshan has a long history and outstanding people. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial examination gradually flourished, with 16 Jinshi and 180 juren in the county. Its representative figures are Huang Zuo, editor-in-chief of Guangdong Tongzhi, a professional in Ming Dynasty, and the first Tang envoy of Nanming. In modern times, there are many talented people in Xiangshan, and the stars are bright. Because of Xiangshan's special geographical location adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao and the popularity of many overseas Chinese, "opening up the atmosphere first" made Xiangshan people take a step to the world, narrowed the distance between Xiangshan people and the world, expanded their recognition of world civilization, opened up Xiangshan people's modern thinking of meeting the world trend, gave birth to the trend of democratic revolution, and produced a number of people who had a great influence on the democratic revolution in modern China. Xiangshan people have long opposed feudal rule, imperialist aggression and bureaucratic capitalist rule, formed a glorious and fine revolutionary tradition, and wrote a glorious chapter in modern history with the spirit of being the first in the world.

Hong Rong, the first bachelor and doctor in China who graduated from a foreign institution of higher learning, and the first bourgeois intellectual in China; Zheng was one of the most famous bourgeois reformists in the early days of China, and his Dangerous Words in the Prosperous Age played a leading role in the Reform Movement of 1898 led by Kang Youwei. The bourgeois democratic revolution led by Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of the democratic revolution, was born in Cuiheng Village, which has a closer relationship with Xiangshan and Xiangshan people. He is the initiator, leader and organizer of this revolutionary movement that changed the social and historical destiny of China. Xiangshan villagers have always been supporters and participants of his cause, and Cheng Kuiguang, Cheng and Lu all gave their lives for the revolution. It can be said that in modern China, Xiangshan people, represented by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, took the lead in raising the banner of democratic revolution, and took the lead in advocating the overthrow of more than 2,000 years of feudal autocracy by revolutionary means and the establishment of an independent, free and equal democratic republic. There are also "Father of China Air Force" Yang (from Beitai) and China's first female pilot Zhu Mufei (from Xiyang) in Xiangshan, so Xiangshan County is known as the "hometown of aviation".

In the new-democratic revolution led by the China * * Production Party, Su, the theorist who first publicized Marxism in South China, the leader of the provincial and port strikes, Yang Yin, alternate member of the Standing Committee of the Sixth Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China and Minister of the Central Military Commission, and a number of outstanding sons and daughters of Zhongshan, such as Lin Weimin, Li and others, all gave their precious lives for the revolution. In the struggle against the invasion of Japanese imperialism, heroic fighting collectives and brave fighters such as the first detachment of the Pearl River Column emerged in Zhongshan. Under the leadership of the Chinese Production Party, the anti-Japanese base area in Wuguishan District was opened, and arduous battles were fought, and brilliant victories were achieved in the anti-Japanese guerrilla war behind enemy lines in Zhongshan.

During the War of Liberation, the first detachment of the Pearl River column stuck to Wugui Mountain and fought indomitable and heroic battles with the Kuomintang reactionaries, which finally ushered in the liberation of Zhongshan. Modern Xiangshan people made great contributions to the modernization of China with the spirit of unity, patriotism, truth-seeking and innovation. Hong Rong is regarded as one of the pioneers of China's modernization. Tang, Zheng directly participated in a series of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" activities in the Westernization Movement, leaving many pioneering works in setting up industries. Ma Yingbiao, Liu Xiji, Li, Cai Chang and Cai Xing, the founders of China's four modern department stores, Yong 'an, Xinxin and Daxin, are all from Xiangshan.

Sun Yat-sen has made great contributions to modern education and culture in China. Su, who founded Lingnan University, is unique in literature and art, Ruan, who is famous in film performance, Xiao, who is known as the pioneer of modern music education in China, and Lv Wencheng, who became a leading composer, singer and reformer of Guangdong music, all occupy an important position in the modern cultural history of China. From a certain point of view, these celebrities of Xiangshan education and culture also promoted the development of Xiangshan culture to a certain extent, bringing the peak of Xiangshan's style of study, and the gratifying scene of vigorous development since preschool education, higher education, vocational education and military education, adding luster to Xiangshan (Zhongshan) as a model county.

The sages and famous philosophers of Zhongshan made their own contributions to Chinese civilization. This historical mission inspires us to inherit the historical and cultural essence of Zhongshan and the spirit of "being the first" of Zhongshan people, and contribute to the new development of Zhongshan.