General characteristics of this area

According to the Announcement on Dividing the National Key Prevention and Control Areas of Soil and Water Loss issued by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2006, the national key supervision areas involve 13 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), with an area of 3 1. 1.6 million km2, of which the soil and water loss area is 1.86 million km2. According to the different characteristics of production and construction projects, the key supervision areas can be roughly divided into five categories, namely mineral resources development zone, energy development zone, large-scale water conservancy and hydropower project construction zone, urban development and construction zone and traffic construction zone.

I. Mineral Resources Development Zone

Characteristics of natural environment: The area is rich in mineral resources, densely populated, concentrated in industrial and mining, frequent human activities, coexistence of water erosion and wind erosion, and fragile ecological environment. It is an important industrial production base. Due to the extensive exploitation of mineral resources, the area of cultivated land has been greatly reduced. In some areas, the climate is cold, the plants grow slowly, and the soil layer is shallow, so once the plants are destroyed, it will bring years or even decades of consequences, and the vegetation and forest coverage will decline to a certain extent, fundamentally changing the original ecological structure and leading to the disappearance of a large number of species.

Socio-economic characteristics: Due to rich mineral resources, industrial economy will remain the leading industry of regional economy for a long time. One-sided pursuit of economic interests, eagerness to get rid of poverty and become rich, and grandiose thinking mode make the rich mineral development chaotic and disorderly, which leads to the further deterioration of the already fragile ecological environment.

Characteristics of soil erosion: human activities such as disorderly mining and quarrying are increasingly frequent, which leads to serious soil erosion in this area. Mineral development has further aggravated the trend of soil erosion and ecological deterioration, and the hydrological and sediment content of rivers has increased greatly; The amount of mineral exploitation has increased dramatically and the vegetation has been destroyed greatly. In the process of mining mineral resources, due to the neglect of mining environmental protection, tailings, waste rocks, waste residue and waste liquid are piled up and lost at will, which not only occupies a lot of cultivated land and pollutes soil, atmosphere, groundwater and surface water, but also causes river blockage, vegetation destruction, soil erosion and land subsidence near the mining area, exacerbating the probability of soil erosion and becoming an important source of new soil erosion. Mining also destroyed the stratum structure, and the ground of mined-out area collapsed in a large area, resulting in landslides and ground cracks, cracks or collapses in caves and houses where people lived, and damage to water conservancy and soil and water conservation projects.

The main tasks of soil and water conservation: comprehensive management and development should be carried out in large areas of coal mining subsidence areas, and abandoned land should be fully reclaimed and utilized. Establish a supervision mechanism for soil and water conservation in the development zone and carry out supervision work in a solid manner. According to the soil and water conservation law, comprehensively supervise the destruction of soil and water conservation facilities and the random abandonment of soil and slag.

Second, energy development zones.

Characteristics of natural environment: The region is rich in energy resources, among which oil and natural gas are the most abundant. Some areas belong to the loess hilly and gully region, where water erosion and wind erosion coexist and the erosion is serious; The climate belongs to arid desert type, the main vegetation is xerophytic desert vegetation, and soil erosion is mainly wind erosion.

Socio-economic characteristics: The region relies on natural resources such as oil and natural gas to form local pillar industries and extend its industrial chain. The economy develops rapidly, and the social economy is also limited by external factors and fluctuates greatly. With the shrinking of resources, its economic structure has also undergone great changes, and other industries have developed one after another.

Characteristics of soil erosion: the development of oil and gas has caused a lot of waste residue and destroyed a lot of vegetation, which further aggravated the trend of soil erosion and ecological deterioration. Man-made factors are the primary factors causing soil erosion.

The main task of soil and water conservation is to strengthen the supervision of soil and water conservation, strengthen the prevention of environmental damage caused by mining pollution, prevent the exploitation of oil, natural gas and other resources at the expense of destroying the natural environment, minimize the damage to the natural environment during the exploitation, and protect the surrounding areas of mining areas.

Three, large water conservancy and hydropower project construction area

Characteristics of natural environment: This area is mostly located in densely vegetated areas with good natural environment, but such a huge project will inevitably have a great impact on ecology and environment. Although a series of laws and regulations on environmental protection have been formulated and some measures have been taken to avoid or reduce some environmental problems caused by dam construction, large-scale environmental degradation may still occur.

Socio-economic characteristics: The area is rich in water resources. In addition to transmitting electric energy resources to develop the local economy, tourism and aquaculture have also become the local economic arteries.

Characteristics of soil erosion: The development, construction and resettlement projects are large in scale and high in density, and land reclamation and urban construction cause a large number of man-made soil erosion.

The main task of soil and water conservation: In addition to reducing the damage to the original natural environment during the construction process, we should also determine and build a comprehensive observation station for soil and water conservation monitoring water erosion community based on the selection principle of soil and water conservation monitoring water erosion community and the local actual situation, so as to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the area and play a preventive role.

Fourth, the field of urban development and construction.

Characteristics of natural environment: Due to the influence of economic development, the natural environment in this area has been seriously damaged, and the rapid growth of industrial waste and domestic waste has caused great damage to the surrounding environment. At the same time, with the further increase of urban area, the cultivated land area and forest area are decreasing day by day, and the ecological greening is seriously damaged.

Socio-economic characteristics: government investment and attracting foreign investment are the sources of funds for the construction of this area. There are many kinds of industries, and the service industry and new industrialization are constantly emerging, which makes the economy develop rapidly.

Characteristics of soil erosion: With the development of China's economic construction, a large number of infrastructure facilities are constantly being built and the construction scale is constantly expanding. Due to frequent development and construction, a large amount of land has been disturbed, and a large area of vegetation has been destroyed, causing damage to the local ecological environment. Such as urban expansion, road expansion and real estate development. , will cause a lot of waste slag, resulting in increased soil erosion. Man-made factors are the primary factors causing soil erosion.

The main task of soil and water conservation: we should continue to take the prevention and control of soil erosion caused by development and construction projects as the focus of soil and water conservation supervision and management, and make great efforts to expand the depth, breadth and intensity.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) traffic construction area

Characteristics of natural environment: due to man-made destruction in the construction process, most of the area is artificially afforested. Due to the insertion of human factors, the ecological chain here has been seriously damaged. Moreover, traffic noise pollution leads to fewer and fewer animals living nearby, which has a serious impact on the whole ecological environment.

Socio-economic characteristics: Due to convenient transportation, the circulation of products in this area is relatively smooth and the economic development is relatively fast. Large enterprises have entered this area one after another, so that local products can be transported and raw materials can be brought in. Really form an efficient and unified comprehensive transportation system to meet the needs of economic and social development.

Characteristics of soil erosion: due to the occupation of traffic land, the slope around the highway was destroyed during construction, and soil erosion and landslide were more serious. The main project occupies and destroys vegetation, cultivated land, pools, dams and other water conservancy and water conservation facilities in the passing area; Soil and water loss disasters caused by the construction of the main project, such as topographic structure damage, mountain instability, collapse and landslide; Abandoned earthwork occupies rivers and water bodies, affecting flood discharge and water storage; Quarries and construction sidewalks cause vegetation destruction and slope instability.

The main tasks of soil and water conservation: focusing on soil and water conservation supervision and law enforcement, artificial management and ecological restoration, departments at all levels cooperate closely and make concerted efforts. The ecological environment damage and soil erosion damage caused by traffic and other engineering construction have their own laws and characteristics. To prevent and control the ecological environment damage and soil erosion caused by traffic engineering construction, a water and soil conservation plan should be formulated scientifically according to the requirements and characteristics of the engineering construction, aiming at the possible adverse environmental impact and soil erosion hazards, and the funds for soil erosion prevention determined by the plan should be included in the budgetary estimate of the main project. The construction of soil and water conservation measures should be organically combined with the main project construction, and the implementation should be organized at the same time. Do a good job in the supervision of soil and water conservation construction and the completion and acceptance of prevention and control projects according to law, and improve the quality and efficiency of the project.