How to spread China music and let the world know the traditional culture of China? (15)

As an integral part of culture, music is also the most active and distinctive cultural phenomenon in the great cultural system. We put music in the context of human history and culture, and study "music in culture" and "culture in music", which is the basic position that the academic circles insist on today. As a carrier, culture serves aesthetics. In the cultural system, there are many subsystems, such as philosophy, religion, morality, science, art and so on. As the highest form of human aesthetic activities, art embodies the condensation and materialization of human aesthetic consciousness and the aesthetic relationship between man and real life (nature and society). Among them, music art is a cultural form that expresses human thoughts with music language. Music art, as a musical viewpoint and musical activity behavior owned by a certain group of human beings, can only be obtained through organized and purposeful music education behavior. Music education is an important part of music culture. Only when the research of music education is placed in the background of music culture and more attention is paid to the humanistic connotation and cultural significance of music education will music education be full of vitality. Based on different cultural backgrounds, music education's different understanding of all kinds of music is bound to be influenced by its own traditional culture, so it has distinct national characteristics, reflecting the traditional characteristics of different national music cultures such as national spiritual concepts, forms, behavioral norms and ways of thinking, thus forming music education with national characteristics. Since the 20th century, with the rapid development of economic globalization and mass media such as the Internet, China has become more closely connected with the world. The idea of multiculturalism was put forward by American educators in the 20th century, and gradually evolved into a universal international wave in the second half of the page, which was recognized by more and more people. Multicultural education has become a hot topic in today's world music education. This paper briefly expounds the development of multiculturalism in the United States and other countries. After World War II, the United States, like many countries in Europe, America and Oceania, became a national melting pot. The concept of single culture has gradually evolved into the concept of * * * same body culture. These countries, which are composed of different nationalities, first put forward the concept of multiculturalism. With the blending and convergence of immigrant music culture, multiculturalism has risen rapidly and prospered in the United States and even around the world. The Influence of Multiculturalism on Music Education in China With China's reform and opening-up and accession to the WTO, China's economic and cultural structure has undergone tremendous changes. It has become our consensus to promote music education and the development of national culture. In recent ten years, China began to pay attention to music education. One of the characteristics of Full-time Music Curriculum Standards published on 200 1 is to emphasize the combination of multiculturalism and local culture. In 2004, the international symposium on world multicultural music education was held, which indicated that multicultural music education, as a brand-new educational concept and model, challenged the existing music education in China. How to deal with the impact of multiculturalism on China's local culture is a topic worthy of attention. Paying attention to national culture, inheriting national cultural traditions and inheriting and developing national music culture should be the basic principles and policies of music education in China. 1. Using multiculturalism to carry out music education needs to embody the essence of music-truth, goodness and beauty, and give play to the unique * * * nature of art, but this does not violate the concept of embodying aesthetics as the core value, and is also the basis of aesthetic education. Music education from the multicultural perspective emphasizes the aesthetic value and cultural heritage value of music. In the past, our music education ignored the cultural connotation and humanistic spirit of music and overemphasized the mastery of knowledge and skills. Multicultural music education should insist on teaching music as a culture, and understand and respect other cultures through music. Music education in China should also conform to the current world trend, adopt the means of multicultural music education, actively accept and face the positive role of multicultural education, and let students know more about the world music culture in the increasingly international cultural exchange. From a pluralistic point of view, music education emphasizes the recognition and respect of different nationalities and different kinds of music in the world, abandons the prejudice of music value, guides people to realize the diversity of cultures, helps students realize the richness and diversity of music cultures in various countries and nationalities in the world, and enhances their understanding, respect and love for learning different cultures. This is based on aesthetics. 2. Advocate multicultural education and world cultural diversity. Music is a world phenomenon. Music education guides students to learn, understand and respect different music and music creations in the world from the perspective of multiculturalism, absorbs and treats cultural diversity equally, and helps students form a global vision. It should be pointed out that the connotation and extension of music education includes the music of the national music culture and other cultural backgrounds from many angles. First of all, we should cultivate students to love their own national music culture, and then learn and understand other national cultures. Multi-perspective music education is an important channel for the inheritance and development of national music culture. Multicultural music education draws lessons from and spreads foreign music culture, thus promoting the development of national music culture. The two complement each other, and they can neither be conceited nor belittle themselves. 3. Music education in China should first highlight the cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation and guide young people to understand and love the music culture of the motherland. China is a multi-ethnic country with 56 nationalities. The Spring and Autumn Period is known as the country of etiquette, and it has become the peak of world art by the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The development of national music culture has a long history, rich content and magnificent form, which contains great national spirit and embodies the artistic essence of the nation. Among them, vocal music, song and dance, instrumental music, opera, Quyi and so on. They are unique and inexhaustible music treasure-house culture, guiding young people to inherit local ethnic characteristics and providing music education for young people. 4. In today's economic and political convergence, we need to pay attention to the conflict of national cultural characteristics, and we can't copy or rigidly copy the multi-cultures of immigrant countries to carry out music education in China, nor can we go to extremes in education. Copying or hard copying will reduce the things with national characteristics in our country, obliterate the regional individuality of different national countries and weaken the inheritance of national culture; However, it is not advisable to blindly expand the propaganda of the importance of multiculturalism or pay attention to all aspects of multiculturalism, some of which are just passing by like a dragonfly. Because culture is produced in the background of different countries and nationalities, multicultural teaching should adapt to the needs of different countries and different national conditions. China is a multi-ethnic country, and the music itself is diverse. First of all, we should inherit, protect and make good use of our own culture, and then learn, understand and respect the music culture of different countries in the world. Here, I would like to put forward the following points for reference: 1) Update the previous music education ideas, establish the basic ideas of inheriting and carrying forward the national cultural traditions, and flexibly use the multicultural music education ideas. 2) Cultivate teachers with rich multicultural knowledge by "please come in" or "go out". "Please come in" refers to inviting relevant experts or scholars to give lectures at the school and organize teachers to study; "Going out" means to arrange teachers to go out of school in a planned way and study systematically. This method can make teachers listen, watch and compare more. 3) Embody multiculturalism in the compilation of music teaching materials. Some existing teaching materials already contain multicultural materials, and some distinctive European and American music materials can be further compiled into classroom teaching materials, which is also the theme of multiculturalism. In a word, multiculturalism is the product of Poland, and it will take some time and practice to enter our country and adapt to our national conditions. It is fundamental to establish the basic idea of inheriting the national cultural tradition, carrying forward the national music culture and embodying the value with aesthetics as the core, which is also suitable for the national conditions and needs of China.

Nowadays, with the continuous expansion of foreign exchanges and the continuous improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, the hot discussion on promoting Chinese traditional culture is heating up, which has aroused strong repercussions in all fields and levels of society. This is a good thing and a gratifying phenomenon worthy of recognition, which shows that people's understanding of the position and role of traditional culture in the construction of a harmonious society is becoming clearer, more important and more urgent; It also shows that the peaceful rise of the Chinese nation, in addition to a strong material foundation, must also have the necessary matching of "soft power" including traditional culture. Otherwise, building a well-off society in an all-round way and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will be incomplete and incomplete; It is also impossible to achieve. Because it is related to the major issue of national rejuvenation, the basic issue of China's peaceful rise, the key issue of the Chinese nation's self-reliance among the nations of the world, and the core issues of our people's beliefs, beliefs, mental outlook, moral fashion and values, and world outlook. 1. Judging from China's influence in the world, China's traditional culture is the most respected and influenced. China International Talent magazine published an article in the second issue this year called Confucius in Europe, and recently a newspaper published Confucius in Africa. In fact, the comprehensive statement should be that Confucius is in the world. Anyone who has visited or studied abroad has this experience. China's traditional culture is the most respected and admired abroad. It is reported that since 2004, there have been 26 newly established Confucius Institutes around the world. 100 More than 2,300 universities in many countries have offered Chinese courses, and the number of people learning Chinese has reached more than 30 million. China's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West and other four classical novels have been popular in Japan, South Korea, the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries for hundreds of years, infiltrating into every aspect of daily life such as military affairs, politics, culture, commerce, education and religion. Traditional festivals including Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Dragon Boat Festival also have considerable influence. Last year, for a period of time, the media reported the dispute between South Korea and China about the application for the Dragon Boat Festival, which showed the influence of China's traditional culture in the world from another aspect. During the Gulf War (199 1), all American officers above the platoon level had a copy of Sun Tzu's Art of War, and the armies of the most advanced countries in the world needed the wisdom of China's military strategists more than 2,000 years ago. A few years ago, a delegation of the People's Liberation Army visited Sweden, including a Swiss military academy, and the other party offered to discuss with the delegation China's military work The Battle of Yellowstone during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Although Sweden's military equipment and industry are very advanced in the world, the wisdom of the ancient people in China still has a considerable influence on them. There is another disproof. Whether 1860' s British-French allied forces or 1900' s Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing, the first action was to rob the Yuanmingyuan and the Forbidden City, which had the most concentrated, comprehensive and perfect cultural relics in China at that time, and then transport them back to China to enrich their museums. This is really a wonderful irony. At that time, the western powers, known as "strong ships and strong guns", regarded the fragile Qing Empire as the most valuable thing, which was the ancient and traditional culture of China. Second, from the position and function of traditional culture, it is the essence and carrier of national spirit and the foundation of the country. What is traditional culture? At present, there are different opinions and there is no unified and complete ready-made answer. However, by understanding the definition of culture, we can have a general understanding and grasp of this concept. Modern Chinese Dictionary defines culture as "the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created in the historical development of human society, especially spiritual wealth. Such as literature, art, education and science. Taylor, a famous anthropologist, defines culture as follows: "Culture or civilization, in its broad ethnological sense, is a complex whole, including knowledge, beliefs, art, morality, laws, customs and all other abilities and habits acquired by people as members of a society. "It can be seen that the concept of traditional culture has a very broad meaning, including not only the ideology and behavior patterns formed by the Chinese nation in the course of thousands of years of social practice and development, but also the members of different social forms and different periods; It is all civilized achievements of human understanding of the objective world, the subjective world and human social practice, including the Chinese nation. Traditional culture reflects the close relationship between China culture and social production, life, people's consciousness, morality and other spiritual aspects in various historical periods. It not only reveals the relationship between traditional culture and social development process, but also reveals the relationship between traditional culture and the whole society, which involves all levels and fields of society. Its importance and necessity, no matter from which level, are decisive. Throughout the history of China for thousands of years, the influence of traditional culture on China's social, political and economic development, and the promotion of spiritual, material and political civilization construction are fundamental and irreplaceable. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred flowers blossomed and a hundred schools of thought contended in the ideological and cultural fields. Dare to be the first, unconventional, not only greatly promoted the development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, but also led to the final disintegration of slave society and the birth of a new social form-feudal society, realizing the transformation of social form. After Qin Shihuang unified China, the first important thing was to "burn books to bury Confucianism" and destroy the cultures of the other five countries unified by him with the power of the state machine, aiming at fundamentally eradicating the spiritual pillar of the restoration of the old country and consolidating its dominant position. This proves that culture plays an extremely important role in consolidating or overthrowing political power. In order to enrich Qiang Bing and strengthen the rule of the people, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first started with ideology and used the power of state power to forcibly implement "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" and vigorously supported the development of "royal culture". Since then, it has laid the ideological foundation for the founding of a feudal society for more than two thousand years. After Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin unified China, they accepted the lessons of frequent turmoil in the Five Dynasties and strongly advocated that "the son of heaven values heroes and heroes, and the article teaches two Cao; Everything is inferior, only reading is high; "Strengthening the education of culture in spiritual rule, ideological norms, behavior guidance, etc. has formed an unprecedented prosperity of cultural undertakings in the Song Dynasty, thus consolidating the political foundation of the 3 10 rule in the Song Dynasty. On the one hand, the ruling class in Ming and Qing dynasties attached great importance to the important role of cultural construction in consolidating its unified position, and vigorously developed and advocated a variety of ideological cultures dominated by Confucian culture; On the other hand, the "literary inquisition" was launched, which killed and destroyed the culture that did not conform to the ideology and interests of the ruling class. The consequences are serious and the scene is tragic, which is unprecedented. It is particularly worth mentioning that the imperial examination system, which occupies an important position in traditional culture and lasted for more than 1320 years and spanned eight or nine dynasties, is directly related to the survival and rise and fall of feudal dynasty rule. The imperial examination system began in the Sui Dynasty (58 1-6 18) and ended in the late Qing Dynasty (1905). Imperial examination system is the most important system in feudal society, which makes Confucian values, which were originally traditional patriarchal clan system, become a national ideology and a symbol of the legalization of imperial power system in China. Selecting elites from society through the imperial examination system ensures the openness and competitiveness of elite sources and maintains the integration and stability of social and cultural order. In the late Qing Dynasty, with the change of social structure, a large number of social elites with no fame squeezed into the literati class, and the imperial examination system existed in name only. 1905 with the abolition of the imperial examination system, the cultural foundation on which feudal society depended collapsed. Only six years later, the Revolution of 1911 broke out, completely ending the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Needless to say, the important position and influence of traditional culture have been clearly seen. Third, judging from the formation and development of traditional culture, it not only contains the ideological and cultural essence of the Chinese nation in various historical periods, but also integrates the advantages and disadvantages of national cultures and foreign cultures, which is enduring and profound. A certain culture is the political and economic reflection of a certain society. Traditional culture is rooted in the fertile soil of the east of the world. After more than 4000 years of occurrence, development, accumulation and precipitation, it has gradually formed an excellent culture with its own distinctive characteristics and uniqueness, with the Chinese nation as the main body, absorbing the advantages of various ethnic cultures and foreign cultures, and once created an ancient splendid civilization with world influence; Achieve great achievements universally recognized. It has the following characteristics: First, it is practical and dialectical. Based on the social practice in different periods and the reality of people's spiritual life, traditional culture stood at the highest point of that era after scientific generalization and summary. Many of these thoughts are full of simple dialectics, such as Laozi's view of happiness, Confucius' view of the world, Zhuangzi's view of life and death, and Sun Tzu's view of war, all of which are permeated with the brilliance of dialectical thoughts. The second is process and gradualism. The occurrence, development, evolution and formation of traditional culture have gone through a series of complicated and long processes, including selection, supplement, enrichment, development and perfection; It was established through long-term precipitation and accumulation, gradual improvement and continuous sublimation. The third is nationality and integration. Traditional culture has distinctive Chinese characteristics and features, and it is permeated with the wisdom and wisdom of ancient oriental nations. Together with the ancient civilizations of other countries in the world, it is called the birthplace of the "four ancient civilizations". At the same time, in the process of its occurrence, development and evolution, traditional culture has integrated the advantages and strengths of China's national cultures and foreign cultures with a broad mind and broad vision, and gradually enriched and improved itself. The fourth is similarities and differences. Traditional culture is a complete and unified system, rich in content and covering various fields. As for the specific division of traditional culture, it is more detailed and shows obvious differences: for example, the cultural structure can be divided into material culture, institutional culture, spiritual culture and other levels, and the subject field can be divided into political culture, economic culture, legal culture, management culture, and elegant culture, mass culture, commercial culture, mass culture and other different branches. The fifth is standardization and operability. Traditional culture is not only ideological, theoretical, general, but also normative, such as "Jun Jun, minister, father and son", "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" to "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith" and "loyalty, filial piety, chastity and righteousness". Otherwise, it's against etiquette. Sixth, inheritance and innovation. The formation of traditional culture is a tortuous and long process. After countless descendants inherited and developed their predecessors, learned and enriched them with an open mind, and surpassed them according to the needs of the times, such an endless and continuous relay movement was gradually formed, constantly supplemented, constantly improved and matured after the unremitting efforts and efforts of dozens of generations, which was very hard to come by. Fourth, judging from the achievements of traditional culture, it is a valuable asset of our people, including human society. China's traditional culture is vast, with a huge system and an amazing number, which has greatly promoted the all-round development of China's politics, economy and society. Even the contribution to the development of world civilization is obvious to all. The great achievements of China's traditional culture cannot be explained clearly in a short space. Here are just a few examples for readers' reference. First of all, ideological and moral aspects. The writings in this field are very rich, with remarkable achievements and far-reaching influence. For example, Laozi's Tao Te Ching, Confucius' The Analects of Confucius, University and the Doctrine of the Mean, Zhuangzi's Wandering, Mencius' Mencius, and later the Three Character Classics, Zigui, hundred schools of thought's family motto and so on. Followed by technology. The achievements and works in this field are very rich and cover a wide range, many of which enjoy a high reputation in the world. For example, Dujiangyan, a water conservancy project designed and supervised by Li Bing and his son in Qin Dynasty, the armillary sphere, an astronomical measuring instrument made by Zhang Heng, a scientist in Han Dynasty, and four great inventions, such as papermaking, gunpowder, compass and movable type printing, are outstanding representatives, such as mathematician Zu Chongzhi and hydraulic scientist Guo Shoujing, as well as scientific works such as Heavenly Creations, Essential Technologies for All and Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration. Third, military research. The writings of traditional culture in this respect can be said to be brilliant, unique and fruitful. Military works such as Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, Sun Tzu's Art of War in Sun Bin, and Sun Tzu's Art of War in Huangshi are well-known throughout the ages and benefit the contemporary era. There are also famous military strategists such as Sean, Han Xin, Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Xie Xuan, Liu Bowen, Qi Jiguang and Zuo. , strategizing, winning thousands of miles away, has become a symbol of ingenuity and wisdom, and it is still full of praise. Fourth, literature, art and traditional culture have unique advantages in this respect, with a collection of fine products and wide popularity. For example, the most concise summary of poetry articles that have been widely circulated since ancient times, such as "Tang Poetry, Song Poetry, Yuanqu Chinese Language", and the most vivid description, such as "Learning 300 Tang poems, you can steal without writing poems" and "Reading thousands of books, writing like a god", are vivid proofs; There are also briefly summarized titles for famous writers and artists in history, such as "Seven Sages in Bamboo Forest", "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" and "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou", which are praise or praise. As for the brilliant achievements in literature, history, prose, poetry and novel creation, it is even more colorful and endless. Such as The Book of Songs, Li Sao, Historical Records, Hanshu, Zi Tongzhi Sword, Four Classical Novels, Sanyan Erpai and so on. Recently, I saw a little poem with 19 China's classical novel embedded in it: "Peach blossoms are popular in the East and the West, and officialdom literati love the golden urn. Three words and two pats praise the present, and the serial history books reflect the West Chamber. "He has also made great achievements in education, music, painting, drama, sculpture, sports and religion. Fifth, medicine, agriculture, construction, smelting, manufacturing, tourism, cooking, drinking tea, health and fitness. The accumulation of traditional culture is very rich and rare. Such as Huangdi Neijing, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Compendium of Materia Medica, Travels of Xu Xiake, Tea Classics, etc. 5. From the relationship between traditional culture and building a harmonious society, it is an indispensable part and the soul and foundation of the nation. Building a harmonious socialist society is a strategic task put forward by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, which expresses China's profound understanding and strategic choice of today's world. It emphasizes the diversity of civilizations and endows Chinese civilization and China culture with historical responsibility and time coordinates. Building a harmonious society is inseparable from cultural harmony. Only by creating deep cultural harmony can we create a "dynamic, stable, orderly", comprehensive and sustainable social harmony. The construction of social harmony from the cultural perspective mainly includes two aspects: one is the specific cultural level, including cultural resources, spiritual production, cultural communication, cultural consumption and cultural exchange. The second is the universal and profound cultural level, that is, the harmony between * * * and ideals, organizations and behavior patterns permeates all fields. To build cultural harmony, we need to deal with the following relations. First, the urgent need to build a harmonious society and the poor popularity in real life. Mainly manifested in the lack of attention to the popularization of traditional culture and insufficient measures; The tacit cooperation of propaganda, publishing and education is not in place, and the momentum is not great; There is a big gap between ideological norms, behavior guidance and example demonstration and literary and artistic creation and various forms of cooperation, which is not satisfactory; Policy guidance, capital investment, examination and approval of teaching materials, popularization methods and teaching staff all need to be improved. This needs to be solved seriously. The second is to deal with the problem of absorbing and drawing lessons from the reasonable components and outstanding achievements of foreign cultures, so as to make them constantly enrich and develop, improve and sublimate. Traditional culture is developed on the basis of constantly absorbing and drawing lessons from various excellent cultural nutrients, and must be inherited and carried forward in the future. At present, with the continuous increase of foreign exchanges, the influence of foreign culture has been strengthened; Moreover, the internal demand and external pressure of foreign culture increase in both directions, and are released at an unprecedented speed and intensity through various channels, levels and methods, which is inevitable and independent of human will. Only by changing ideas, adjusting ideas, guiding according to the situation, doing what we can and using it for our own use can traditional culture continue to develop under the new situation. The third is to deal with the "external heat and internal cold" of traditional culture and rationally grasp the problem of striving for progress while maintaining stability. With the continuous growth of China's comprehensive national strength, there has been an unprecedented craze for Chinese abroad, including understanding traditional culture. The status of China's traditional Chinese culture and traditional culture was also hotly discussed, which attracted people's attention. However, we should treat the Chinese fever abroad calmly and objectively. Most of them are for their own interests, not the influence of the "soft power" of China's traditional culture. There are different opinions on the understanding of China's traditional culture, and it takes a process to form * * * knowledge. It's no use rushing into things. The fourth is to deal with the profound connotation of traditional culture, which is difficult to grasp, and how to get rid of the rough and the fine, and to get rid of the false and keep the true. The traditional cultural system is huge and rich in content; Accumulate a lot and feel that there is no way to start; Time and space are too far away for words to understand; Work is very busy and it is difficult to study. In addition, traditional culture itself has its own essence and dross, advantages and disadvantages, advantages and disadvantages. How to adapt to the characteristics of social transformation, in view of the fact that contemporary young children don't know much about traditional culture, we should take practical measures in textbook compilation, popularization, supporting projects, incentive mechanism, organization and leadership, etc. To make traditional culture imperceptibly implemented in work, study, culture, entertainment and daily communication, and become a voluntary and healthy activity; Government agencies should also accurately grasp the value orientation of the cultural system, explore new modes of cultural work including traditional culture, vigorously develop foreign cultural exchanges and cultural trade, further enhance the influence of traditional culture and cultural industries, and play a greater role in building a harmonious society.