The national history of Buryatia

The Buryats are the nearest branch of the Elut Mongols in race. Their ancestors were originally nomadic in the outer Baikal region, and later developed northward to the area between the Yenisei River and the Lena River, and mixed with local residents to form the modern Buryats.

The distant ancestors of Buryats can be traced back to the inhabitants distributed along Lake Baikal in the Neolithic Age. Since the 1920s, most people have moved from nomadism to settlement. Traditional houses are conical felt houses, while farmers living in the western region live in wooden tents with wall trusses. Dress like the Mongols. Both men and women wear long fur robes with vertical collars, wide belts and upturned felt boots. Buryats are a mixture of Mongolian tribes and local residents who entered Lake Baikal from 13 to 14, and their ethnic formation process was basically completed in 17. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, Buryat's land was merged into Russia.

Buryat was first mentioned in The Secret History of Mongolia. Buryats are a tribe in the forest that Shu Chi surrendered, and they are called Buryats. According to historical records, in 1207, Genghis Khan ordered his son Shu Chi to lead an army to the west, and Buryat became his subordinate. During the Mongol Empire, he was a Mongolian and spoke Mongolian.

They are probably the "Fuyu" mentioned in ancient books, and their birthplace is not necessarily close to the birthplace of Xianbei people in Donghu, the ancestor of Mongolian. So its language is unlikely to be similar to Mongolian. Its neighbors are probably Dingling people, Kirgiz people, Guweilat people and Guburyats people. One of them moved eastward to become Koguryo people, Baekje people and Yamato people, and the other became "Dongfen people", namely Komi people, Udmurt people, Mali people, karelians people, Lapp people or Sami people in Finland, and Samoyeds, relatives of Finns, namely "Nanette people". The genetic people of the Dongfen people are close to the Buryats, but not to the Mazar people. They speak Mongolian, but their cultural identity is very different from that of central Mongolia. Their wrestling is Korean-style, which is close to Japanese sumo wrestling, but not similar to Turkic-Mongolian wrestling.

During the 13 ~ 14 century, they absorbed some elements from the northern Mongolian tribes. /kloc-in the 7th century, Buryatia was formed by the merger of Bragat, Ellet, Hangzhou, Godol and Holling on the east bank of Lake Baikal.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongols brought it into the political system of the grassland feudal empire. Xiao Khan, a member of the gold family of the Great Khan Sect in Yuan Dynasty, conducted administrative management there and taught advanced grassland feudal society or the production technology of the Central Plains, so that the tribal population in the forest increased instead of decreasing, became a new Mongolian population colony, became a part of the Mongolian cultural circle, and already possessed the nature of an administrative unit. In the Qing Dynasty, Little Khan was assigned to Russia according to the Treaty of Chaktu, and was a Russian tribe in Siberia. Later, he became one of the supporters of pan-Mongolianism. Buryats in China are distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a small number. Its ethnic formation process was basically completed in the17th century.

In thirty-four years of Wanli, the Russians invaded the grasslands of Balabin. In the following decades, from the Tara area to the Irtysh River and Yenisei River basins, the Russians ate whales again and again, built castles in various key places, and constantly sent missions to various Mongolian ministries to lobby them in an attempt to persuade them to submit to Russia. At the same time, they also collected information from Mongolian and Ming ministries. In the forty-seventh year of Wanli, the Russians established Yenisesk, and in the first year of Chongzhen, they established Kela Si Nuo Yarsk. After that, the two invasion directions were the south and the east. The southern Mobei grassland is inhabited by the Elute Department and the Harkamon ancients, and each department has a large population, which strongly contradicts Russia's intention. The leaders of Tuxie Tuhan and Chechen Khan, to which the Kharka Mongols belong, sent people to Moscow for negotiations many times. But Russia's intention to go south was blocked, so they aimed at the east. In the eleventh year of Chongzhen, the Russians established the Yakutsk Military Governor's Office, and the Cossacks conquered a large area around the Lena River. They also built Irkutsk in the west of Lake Baikal, occupied the pastures around the lake, established castles, and had fierce conflicts with Mongolian ministries stationed in the east of Lake Baikal. Since the fourth year of Chongzhen, the war has been inseparable. After about twenty-five years of war, Buryats will be completely conquered and surrendered to Russia, and some Buryats will go south into Gurkha.

163 1 year, Russians reached the upper reaches of Tunguska River, a tributary of Yenisei River, and immediately clashed with Buryats. After 25 years of war, the Buryats were completely conquered before surrendering to Russia. But some of them rebelled against Russia to the end and moved south to the territory of Kerkha. Another part of Buryats, when the Qing army defeated the Russian army in the west of Heilongjiang, went to China, was named "Hu Ba people", incorporated into the Eight Banners, and settled in Hulunbeier area.

/kloc-In the mid-7th century, Buryat's patriarchal clan system disintegrated, and the early feudal relations of production began to develop, but the custom of blood clan revenge and clan mutual assistance remained for a long time.

At the end of 17, its residence was annexed by Russia, and Russian Buryats revolted many times.

After the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, the white bandits were defeated by the Soviet Red Army and retreated to Buryatia, Russia, robbing cattle and sheep everywhere, kidnapping men as soldiers, and the local people had a hard life.

In order to avoid the white bandits, Russian Buryats moved to China one after another, and finally settled on the banks of the Sini River in Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

The Soviet regime was established in February of 19 18, and was occupied by the Japanese in August of the same year, and by Russia in April of 19 19. 1920 restored the Soviet regime, and on April 27th and 10 9th, Buryat Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Buryat Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture were established respectively. 1923 On May 30th, the above two states merged into Buryatia-Mongolia Autonomous Republic, which belonged to the Russian Federation. 1958 was renamed Buryat Autonomous Republic. Buryats in Russia mainly rely on animal husbandry, and hunting and fishing are also important.