Introduction to Australian English

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Introduction Australia

geological

Australia is the smallest continent and the largest island in the world, and the sixth largest country in the world, next only to Russian, Canadian, China, USA and Brazil. The area is about 7.7 million square kilometers and the coastline is 36,735 kilometers long. Australia is also one of the oldest and flattest continents in the world.

climate

The northern part of Australia (about one third of the land area) is located in the tropics, the central part is in the arid zone and the southern part is in the temperate zone. The four seasons in Australia are completely opposite to those in the northern hemisphere. Summer begins in December and winter begins in June. The temperature in the north is higher, with the annual temperature above 20 degrees, and the temperature in the south is lower, with an average of 14 degrees in winter and 26 degrees in summer.

human population

The population of Australia is over 18 million. 85% people live on the 85 km coastline of the east coast. Nearly a quarter of Australians were born overseas, while another fifth had parents born overseas. In the past ten years, the number of Asian immigrants has increased, and the number of China residents has exceeded 300,000. Most of them live in big cities such as Sydney or Melbourne.

Australians are easy-going and friendly. Because its population comes from more than 100 countries in the world, the government pursues a multicultural policy and different ethnic groups can live in peace.

Tsukiji

Australia is the world's 12 largest economy, and its development speed is also very high. It is rich in natural resources and minerals, but its main exports are still wool, grain, meat, sugar and fruit.

religion

Christianity is the most popular religion in Australia, but people of different races and cultures have different religions. Australia is a country with free religion, so whether you believe in Buddhism, Taoism or other religions, you can find your religious groups in Australia.

Currency of goods

The currencies in Australia are decimal and US dollars. 100 is one yuan. The material of paper money is synthetic polyester. There are 5 yuan (purple), 10 yuan (blue), 20 yuan (red), 50 yuan (yellow) and 100 yuan (green). Coins come in two colors, the silver one is copper-nickel alloy, and the gold one is aluminum bronze. Silver coins have 5 points, 10 points, 20 points and 50 points, and gold coins have 1 yuan and 2 yuan. The exchange rate between Australian dollar and RMB is about 1 AUD =5 to 6 RMB, and the exchange rate between Australian dollar and US dollar is about 1 AUD =0.6 to 0.7 USD.

social welfare

Social security in Australia began with the establishment of 19 10 old-age disability pension and 19 12 maternity allowance. At that time, this kind of social security was considered as a radical practice, which won Australia a reputation as a pioneer in social welfare. Australia's social security system provides financial support to people and families who do not have enough income because of old age, incapacity to work, unemployment or single-parent families. It also provides a channel for those who have the ability to work to find a job. At present, about 5 million Australians enjoy social security benefits. In 1994-95, the expenditure on social security and welfare projects was 351900,000 Australian dollars.

retiree

In Australia, men are at least 65 years old and women are at least 60 years old. The wife of a pensioner can receive a pension even if she is not eligible for it. Whether you can get a pension or not depends on the income and assets of the parties concerned and meets the requirements of living conditions. All pensioners can get preferential medical drugs and other health benefits. Other benefits provided by the government to pensioners include reduced transportation fees, local taxes, electricity charges and car registration fees. Australia has signed social security agreements with some countries. They are: Britain, New Zealand, Italy, Canada, Spain, Malta, Ireland, Portugal, Cyprus, the Netherlands and Austria.

Disabled people and patients

Those who receive pensions due to disability and temporary subsidies due to illness can receive rehabilitation treatment and training to see if they can return to work. Parents or guardians who need high-level care and attention at home because of their children's physical, intellectual or psychological disabilities can receive subsidies. People with disabilities who are employed or undergoing training but cannot use public transportation can get transportation subsidies. People who need to take care of severely disabled pensioners or other recipients at home for a long time can get caregiver subsidies.

unemployed

Australia's unemployment plan aims to ensure that those who are looking for jobs or receiving education, training or placement to improve their employment opportunities can earn enough income to support themselves and their families. The "Job Search Allowance" and "Restart Allowance" programs encourage and support them to join or rejoin the employment ranks. The "Vocational, Education and Training" program has significantly improved the employment and training opportunities of single parents (mainly mothers).

Families with children

The purpose of the Australian federal government is to ensure that families with children (including single-parent families) get enough income and other reasonable financial support to solve the cost of raising children. The purpose of the plan is to ensure that the subsidies received by children can remain stable compared with other social security subsidies and provide appropriate income for single-parent families. It improves the financial situation of children in families with separated parents by increasing financial support for children whose parents are not responsible for guardianship. The combination of government and other institutions provides opportunities to encourage self-help, thus reducing dependence on social security funds. Anyone who raises one or more children can get subsidies, but such subsidies must be obtained through a survey of family income and property. Family allowance is usually paid once every two weeks to the main guardian, usually the mother of the child. Low-income families can get more financial aid after stricter income and property surveys. In addition, private rental families are eligible for a certain amount of rental subsidies. Single-parent families can get guardian allowance.

retiree

In Australia, there is also a project funded under special circumstances to encourage self-help and economic independence, while providing income subsidies and other subsidies.

Live in a house

A remarkable feature of Australian housing is the high rate of private housing. About 70% residents own their own houses, or are buying the houses they currently live in. Although 20% of newly-built houses are high-density houses, including residential groups and apartment-style residential quarters, the most common one is still independent brick houses. 1994, there were nearly170,000 new houses in Australia, of which 1 14326 were detached houses. Most of the purchase funds are provided by private lending institutions, such as savings and commercial banks, housing construction associations and finance companies. 1994-95, bank loans accounted for 88% of all housing loans.

Federal funds

The federal government allocates funds to state and local governments to help the poor rent and buy houses. The federal-state housing agreement signed by the federal government, the states, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory came into effect on 1989. This agreement stipulates that during the period from 1989-90 to 1992-93, at least 1028 million Australian dollars of housing will be provided every year, and special funds will be added as part of the normal budget every year. 1992 revised the federal and state housing agreements, extended the time to guarantee housing funds to 1995-96, and adopted cash management arrangements. In 1994-95, the actual allocation of the housing fund was10.67 million Australian dollars. In addition to general housing assistance projects, the agreement also provides special assistance for indigenous peoples and Torres Strait Islanders' housing, pensioners' housing, emergency housing, mortgage and rent assistance and community housing programs. Women who get rid of abusive and barbaric families are the main users of emergency housing.

Federal, state and territorial governments have also signed separate agreements. According to this agreement, the federal government allocates special funds to community organizations to provide various housing and related services for the long-term or temporary homeless in need, aiming at helping people move towards independent life. The operating costs of housing, such as rent, wages and equipment, are provided by the housing subsidy and assistance program. The capital construction cost of emergency housing is used for projects stipulated in federal and state housing agreements.

construction industry

In Australia, as the pillar of economic growth, more than half of private investment is in the construction industry. 1994-95, the total fixed capital expenditure of non-residential buildings was165438+400 million Australian dollars, and that of residential buildings was 14379 million Australian dollars. From 65438 to 0995, the construction industry employed about 585200 employees. In the supply of materials and machinery and related professional services in the construction industry, the number of employees is generally close to this number. At present, there are about 654.38 million private construction institutions in Australia. Construction activities are carried out in a wide range of areas, but mainly concentrated in the state capital. The subcontracting system is usually adopted in building houses, which is characterized by a large number of independent builders to carry out this work. However, when building non-residential buildings, it is contracted by a few large construction companies.

Settle down after immigration

Immigration has brought great benefits to Australia in economy, culture or other aspects. In order to make new immigrants adapt to life in Australia more quickly and become the driving force of social production, the government has provided various help.

English study

The national language of Australia is English. The most important step to integrate into Australian society is to learn English well. The Australian government has established the Adult Immigrant English Learning Program (AMEP) for new immigrants. You and your family need to pass the immigration inspection before going to Australia. If the Immigration Department thinks it is necessary, they will help you enroll in the 5 10 hour English course. You can choose full-time or half-time courses, and the teaching place can be chosen near your home. Schools generally have child care services.

translation service

If new immigrants encounter difficulties in language understanding, they can call the 24-hour translation hotline 13 1450. If you need document translation, you can also call or visit the immigration offices in all districts. If translation is needed, an appointment is generally required in advance.

Baojian

Australia has a very perfect national health care system. As long as you become a permanent resident or citizen, you can enjoy this benefit. Every time you see a doctor, medical care will help you pay 85% to 100%, depending on what kind of doctor you see.

education

According to Australian law, students must study until the age of 15, but usually most students finish the grade of 12. Schools are divided into private schools and public schools. Public schools are free except for some activities.

Australia's self-funded living expenses

The cost of living in Australia is very expensive. The following information can be used as a reference: 1997, the average weekly expenditure of immigrant families who have lived in Australia for less than two years is 700 Australian dollars. This figure is based on an average of two or three people per household. Immigration costs a lot of money, in addition to the expenses related to applying for immigration (including medical examination fees, English test fees and qualification assessment fees), it also costs a lot of money to buy air tickets, take home belongings and build a new home in Australia.

Employment in Australia

Everyone, including spouses and dependents, whether they are ready to find a job or not, should also measure their possibility of employment in Australia. The situation of the Australian labor market changes at any time, and it varies from region to region. Being approved for immigration does not guarantee that you will find a job. Even if you are nominated for a position by your employer, you should measure your long-term employment possibilities before applying. Things will change. People usually don't continue to work for the same employer. Before emigrating, you must be confident that you have a high possibility of employment.

The Australian government will not help overseas people find jobs in Australia. In order to estimate your employment opportunities, check the reference materials of the Australian Embassy, including the general situation of work in Australia, job prospects, skill recognition and so on. Australian newspapers and interactive websites also have useful information.

Most new immigrants will not be eligible for social security assistance or government employment services, but they can check the publicly posted job vacancies in the customer service center of Centrelink. Some agencies that provide employment services can also help you find a job.

In many jobs in Australia, applicants must be qualified to be members of professional or trade organizations and/or registered or licensed in Australian national institutions before they can engage in that kind of work. You should check whether there are any restrictions on your career.

Working in Australia, good English is very important. If you don't know English, it's hard to find a job commensurate with your skills and qualifications.

You have to wait two years to get social security.

New immigrants have to wait two years before they can apply for most social security benefits, including unemployment benefits, sickness benefits, student grants and other benefits. The two-year waiting period starts from the day you arrive in Australia.

Immigrants have to support themselves. Immigrants who are sponsored by their families should talk to the guarantor and see what support the guarantor will give them.