Xi’s Xi tribe lineage

Xi (629-886) Su Zhi (19) Ji Chou 629 Duke Lou Fan (Kedu) (13) Wu Shen 648 Emperor Li Pi (49) Xin You 661 King Raole (~Da 酺) (10) Gengxu 710 King Fengcheng (~Lusu) (6) Gengshen 720 King Guiyi (~Poetry) (9) Bingyin 726 King Xi (~Guiguo) (1) Yihai 735 King Huaixin (~Yan Chong) (11) Bingzi 736 King Zhaoxin (~Pogu) (4) Dinghai 747 Li Riyue (3) Xinmao 751 Adugu (34) Jiawu 754 Chuli (7) Wuchen 788 Guicheng Wang (~Mei Luo) (13) Yihai 795 Li Suodi (22) Wuzi 808 Li Rujie (5) Gengxu 830 Ni Shelang (33) Yimao 835 Tu Dongsu (18) Wuzi 868 Xi Xi (886 -946) Go to Zhu(47) Bingxu866 Saola (Li Shaowei) (24) Guiyou913 Lala(9) Dingyou937 Dongxi(860-1122) Shise(25) Gengchen860 Tulles(16) B Si885 Shuli(22) Xinyou901 Bruhn(3) Guiwei923 Ila(13) Bingxu926 Laoguning(36) Bingxu939 Heshuonu (Chouning) (22) Yihai975 Tahe( 4) Ding You 997 Xiao Guanyin Nu (14) Xin Chou 1001 Ti Li Gu (Ti Li Gu) (5) Yi Mao (9) 1015 Xiao Pu Nu (10) Geng Shen 1020 Xiao Han Jia Nu (7) Geng Wu 1030 Xiao Pu Nu (9) Ding Chou1037 Xiao Gaoliu(1) Bingxu1046 Xiao Punu(11) Dinghai1047 Xidi(4) Wuxu(ten) 1058 Ximaliu(9) Renyin(six) 1062 Shi Denu(4) Xinhai (seven) 1071 Xie Jianu (7) Yi Mao (six) 1075 Rushing (7) Renxu (eleven) 1082 Nie Ge (6) Yi Si (four) 1089 Huili Bao (5) Yi Hai (six) ) 1095 Zhishi Tukaiqi (6) Gengchen 1100 Manu (11) Bingxu 1106 Xiao Ximo (Xia Mo) (5) Ding You 1117 Reference: Gray Squirrel Network Xi people are located in the southern part of the Liao Kingdom, with the geographical advantage of being adjacent to the Han people in the Central Plains. This enabled the Xi people to understand and absorb Chinese culture more deeply than the Khitan people. For example, they generally adopted Chinese surnames and names, and used Chinese characters. Therefore, the Xi people occupy a dominant position in Liao culture. In this sense, Xi culture is also assimilating Khitan culture. In the field of literature, Xi people occupied a very important position in the history of literary development in the middle and late Liao Dynasty; in the field of music, the musical instrument "Xi Qin" invented by Xi people, which is now the famous "Erhu", was introduced in the Han Dynasty. Central Plains. "Xi Qin is originally Hu music...it is also the music that Xi Bu likes. It is made by rolling bamboo pieces between the two strings. It is still used by the people." (4) Mongolian Morin Qin also evolved from Xi Qin.

In terms of agriculture, due to the rapid feudalization after the founding of the Khitan people, the Khitan nobles of all generations attached great importance to the development of agriculture. Although the Xi people have not completely separated from the livestock life in this trend, more and more people are engaged in agriculture, and they will The land was leased to the Han people for farming. As early as the end of the Tang Dynasty, Xi "knew a lot about farming, and he borrowed wasteland from border residents to plant rice". During the reign of Emperor Shengzong of the Liao Dynasty, the King of the Northern Song Dynasty was sent to Khitan as an envoy. When he entered the Xi Kingdom, he saw that "people live in thatched huts on the board walls and also do farming" and are "good at farming". Su Song was sent to Khitan as an envoy to write a poem describing what he saw on the way: "Farmers are plowing all over Xijiang, and tribes are stacked on hills and hills. As soon as millet is planted and the soil is harvested, the door opens to the east and the barbarians are mixed. The fields are high and low like chess pieces, with cattle and horses crisscrossing them. "Like grain."

Xi's handicraft industry also developed considerably in the Liao Dynasty, and the carts he made were famous throughout the world and were known as "Xi carts"; at that time, "all Khitan carts were owned by Xi" (Song Shen Kuo) language). The Xi people were good at managing horse gear and vehicles, and could build all kinds of vehicles, including light and handy cars for wealthy people, trucks for transporting baggage, majestic chariots, and even an amphibious vehicle. Fufuguan (now Menghe Wusu Township, Pingquan County) once gathered a group of car-making craftsmen. Recently, an anvil was excavated at the old site of Fuyuguan. You can imagine the grand occasion at that time.

Therefore, although the Xi people submitted to the Khitan in the Liao Dynasty, they have made great progress in all aspects of culture and economy, and are more advanced than the Khitan. This is why the Xi people had higher political status in the Liao Dynasty. Another reason for status. At the beginning of the 12th century, the Jurchens who once belonged to the Khitan, led by their leader Aguda, rebelled against the Liao Dynasty. The Xi people sided with the Khitan people to maintain the rule of the Liao Dynasty.

When the Liao Dynasty was about to be destroyed, King Xi returned to Libao (that is, Xiao Qian, who was the privy minister of the Northern Court of Liao Dynasty at that time and was also the commander of all the armies) and the Khitan noble Yelu Dashi went to Nanjing in 1122 (the second year of the Bao period of the Liao Dynasty). (Today's Beijing City) supported Yelv Chun as emperor and established the Northern Liao Dynasty. After the Jurchens entered Juyongguan, the Northern Liao Dynasty moved westward and reached today's Xinjiang and Central Asia, which is known as the Western Liao in history. They were later destroyed by the Mongols; Xiao Qian retreated to Jianjing, where the Xi people had lived for generations. ) Mountain (Dushan, present-day Qinglong County), the Great Xi Kingdom was established in the Palace of Prince Xi. The country was named "Tiansi" and he named himself the Emperor of Xi Kingdom. This was the first political power established in the history of the Xi people, and it was also the last political power. It only existed for a few months and was defeated by the Jin soldiers.

After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty, it carried out brutal killings and ethnic cleansing of the Khitan and Xi people. The conquered Xi people and Khitan people were separated from their tribes, exiled, and immigrated; when the Jin Dynasty was first established, there was no original The national writing system had to use Chinese characters and Khitan characters. After the Jurchen script was created with reference to Chinese characters, the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty ordered the abolition of Khitan characters, and the Khitan script was gradually lost. It is not difficult to understand the decline of Khitan culture (Xi culture). By the late 12th century, there were no more historical records of ridiculing activities.

The fate of the Xi people may be: some of the Xi people were assimilated by the Jurchens, and some merged with the Han people. Genghis Khan launched an army to conquer the Jin Dynasty, and some of the Xi people who "swore not to eat their money and wealth" defected to Mongolia. When they followed the Mongolian army on their expeditions east and west, they scattered throughout the country and slowly integrated into the Mongolian people. It is speculated that there were also some Xi people among the Khitans who followed Yelu Dashi to the west. These people were gradually assimilated by Islam with the demise of the Western Liao Dynasty.

Over the next few hundred years, the various ethnic groups in the north continued to differentiate and merge. Around the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, except for the Han people who entered the north and the Mongols who once ruled the Yuan Dynasty, the Khitans, Xi people, and Bohai people were no longer mentioned. They were included in the Eight Banners of Manchuria and were collectively called bannermen. In the war between Tang Dynasty and Xi Dynasty, General Guo Yingjie of Tang Dynasty died in Dushan; Jianke Mountain, the capital of Xi Kingdom, was also Dushan. After Xiao Qian established the Xi State, he sent troops out of Lulongling. He once "attacked Jingzhou, then fell into Jizhou, and the vanguard approached Yancheng." Based on this, it is speculated that the political and cultural center of the Xi people should be near Dushan, that is, in or near the surrounding area of ??Qinglong County. This is also consistent with the "Research on Su Song and Khitan History" mentioning that King Xi's summer resort was located in Qinnan Valley in Songshutai, Pingquan County today: King Xi went north from the hotter Dushan Mountain along the Qinglong River Valley to a beautiful place to escape the summer heat. , which is reasonable. Qinglong and Kuancheng areas should be the central areas where Xi people live. The indigenous people in Qinglong County are probably the Xi people.

Xi’s original name is Shemoxi, which means sand. Shemoxi is named after the sandy area within its territory. As we all know, from Lengkou to Tushimen in the north, including the two townships (towns) of Baijiadian and Xiaoyingzi, and most of Xishuangshan Township, it is all sandy land, and the low mountains are all sand hills. The river in Xiaoyingzi Village originates from Dushan and is called Shahe. This is one of the broadest areas in Qinglong County, and it is a must-pass for transportation inside and outside the mouth (Lengkou). The climate is pleasant and the forests are dense, providing good conditions for the development of farming and animal husbandry.

Qinglong and Kuancheng are located in remote areas and are not easily occupied by foreigners for a long time. In the genocidal killings, the local indigenous people are relatively more likely to survive.

The Xi people in this area are the owners of the land. As recorded by Su Song, the envoy of the Song Dynasty to the Liao Kingdom: "The cultivation is very extensive, and the cattle and sheep are all over the valley. When asked, all the Han people are tenants of the Xi soil." ". They make a living by renting out land to recover land taxes and land rent, and live in a semi-agricultural society, unlike the Khitan and the Xi people in the north, who are mainly nomadic. Therefore, after being conquered by the Jurchens, they were not dispersed by the entire tribe and incorporated into the army. Instead, they were lucky enough to stay and continue to engage in farming life.

Among the Han surnames of the Manchu people, the surname Xiao is not the Han surname of the Jurchens. The Manchu Xiao banner people, customs and language are different from the Han people and do not fully have the characteristics of the banner people. Their ancestors were not Jurchens, but Xi people. Although the Xi people were assimilated into Manchus, their Han surnames were retained. Therefore, the Xiao clan members in Xiaoyingzi, Qinglong County are likely to be the descendants of the Xi people.

Xizhuang Village, Xiaoyingzi Town, Qinglong County. During the land reform in 1948, nearly a hundred households in this village all had the surname Xiao. They were all Manchus and were called banner households. As mentioned before, this place is full of ridicules. The old man here said: "The west of Xizhuang originally means Xi", so "Xizhuang" should be "Xizhuang". There are many people named Xiao in the fourteen villages of Xiaoyingzi (originally called Xiaojiaying). Xiaoyingzi is the place with the highest concentration of people with the surname Xiao.

Before the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty in 1125 AD, for more than 700 years, the Xi people lived from Gubeikou to the north of the Shanhaiguan Great Wall in today's Qinglong County, Lulong County, Kuan County, Hebei Province. Cheng County, Pingquan County, and Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, Song Shou's "Itinerary Record" states: "From Gubeikou to Zhongjing North (Ningcheng County) is the border of Xi"

Qinglong County may be Xi's territory The tribe has been in the center of the country for more than 700 years since the Liao Dynasty. The Xi people were incorporated into the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty and became bannermen. The ancestors of the Manchus with the surname Xiao should be the Xi people and the Khitans surnamed Xiao who were assimilated by the Manchus; Qinglong County is the center of the Xi people's clan, and the Manchus with the surname Xiao in Xiaoyingzi are most likely the Xi people. Descendants.