After his death, he was posthumously named the Great Hou of the Western Han Dynasty.

People with peaceful merits are more fierce. Make meritorious deeds with martial arts. Sticking to morality and respecting industry are getting worse.

Kong Guang (April 28th, 65-5 BC) moved to Chang 'an with his father since childhood. He is clever and studious, and was promoted to a scholar before he was twenty. Kong Guang Xia Zi, the 14th grandson of Confucius. Kuang Heng in the post-Guanglu era recommended him as the founder and served as an admonisher in North Korea. He is upright and upright, and often goes against Yuan Di's wishes and is expelled from the country by any small official in North Korea. Later, he resigned and went home to give lectures. Most of his disciples are doctors and doctors. When Emperor Cheng ascended the throne, he was promoted to doctor. He visited unjust prisons many times, educated customs and helped victims. Later, he turned to be a servant, secretary and ancient scholar. In the second year (the first seven years), He Sui was promoted to the rank of general, and later became the prime minister, making Boshan Hou. Liu Xin, the mourning emperor, acceded to the throne and made him a thousand households. Later, because she urged good and evil in the DPRK, Queen Fu instructed her cronies to slander her and was dismissed from her post and returned to her hometown. Less than a year after Kong Guang returned to his hometown, there were three prime ministers in succession, and the proceedings were not as good as Kong Guang's. In the first year of Yuanshou (the first two years), there was an eclipse in the first month. Ten days later, Queen Fu died. When Emperor Ai asked about the solar eclipse, he replied with "The sun shines on the sun, and people are the king's watch", and warned Emperor Ai: "Talk about the party far away, help the lovelorn, retire the greedy and disabled, and use the virtuous officials; The punishment is even, the tax is thin, and the benefits are added to the people. It is the foundation of politics and the most urgent thing to deal with. " The mourning emperor also made Kong Guang enter the DPRK, awarded Dr. Guanglu, and soon became the prime minister again. He and Da Hewu drew up a plan to restrict farmland and handmaiden, and stipulated that those who exceeded the quota should be returned to the government to alleviate the intensified class contradictions. Due to the opposition of aristocratic bureaucrats, it was not implemented. After the death of Aidi, the nine-year-old was appointed by Empress Dowager Cixi, and the court affairs were entrusted to Mang. Kong Guang was worried about an accident and wrote to ask him to resign and return to China. So, according to Wang Mang's meaning, he worshipped Kong Guang as a teacher and became a teacher the following year. Later, he said he was ill and resigned. On April 28th, five years ago, Kong Guang died. The queen mother ordered the ministers to observe the festival and protect the funeral, and the ministers mourned. "simple and intense"

Wei Qing (? ~ BC 106), Zhong Qing, Han nationality, from Pingyang, Hedong (now Linfen, Shanxi). Fu, general of the Western Han Dynasty. Tactical innovation began to break the Xiongnu, and the first surprise attack on Longcheng broke the myth that Xiongnu was unbeaten since the early Han Dynasty. Seven battles and seven wins, with WISCO as the main force, have made great contributions to the development of the northern territory. Wei Qing is good at supporting wars with wars; Dare to fight in depth, be good and strange; In order to be strict, share joys and sorrows with the foot soldiers; He has a high prestige and is a very important person, but he never raises a scholar. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Changping Hou died and was buried like Lushan Mountain in the northeast of Maoling. Posthumous title is fierce. Although Wei Qing made outstanding achievements in the military and was in power in the ruling and opposition parties, he never formed a political party. He showed much sympathy for the soldiers, shared weal and woe with the soldiers and enjoyed high prestige. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (BC 106), Wei Qing died of illness. In order to commemorate his outstanding achievements, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty buried him in the northeast of Maoling, "the tomb is like Lushan Mountain (Yinshan Mountain)". Posthumous title is fierce. "The Law of the Dead" says, "It is more fierce to have meritorious deeds to protect the people's security". Make meritorious deeds with martial arts. Sticking to morality and respecting industry are getting worse.

In the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty (106), Wei Qing died and posthumous title became the Emperor. He chose "the law of the dead" in order to "make contributions to the lives of the people." Make meritorious deeds with martial arts. The meaning of "respecting morality and industry". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered people to build a mausoleum in the shape of "Yinshan" (a mountain in Xiongnu) for Wei Qing in the east of Maoling, symbolizing Wei Qing's great achievements in his life.

Wei Qing is the illegitimate child of Wei Tuo, a slave of Pingyang Houfu, and Ji Zheng, a collector of Pingyang County. When I was a child, I was sent to my biological father's house for foster care, but I was discriminated against by my ex-wife's son. Later, he left his father's house alone to live with his mother and changed his maiden name to Wei. After that, Wei Qing worked as a slave rider (groom) under Princess Pingyang. Whenever the princess went out, Wei Qing rode beside her.

In the spring of the second year of Jianyuan, his third sister, Wei Zifu, was admitted to the palace by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, staying in Pingyang House, and Wei Qing entered the palace to "build a chapter camp for things". Later, because Wei Zifu was pregnant, Queen Chen was jealous. Queen Chen's mother, Guantao princess royal, sent someone to kidnap Wei Qing in an attempt to kill her, but was rescued by Wei Qing's good friend Gongsun Ao. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very angry when he learned about it. He promoted Wei Qing to supervisor and assistant in front of Queen Chen and Guantao princess royal, named Wei Zifu as the wife of the Queen, and lavished rewards on Wei Jia, Gong Sun Ao and others. Within a few days, Wei Qing was awarded more than one thousand yuan.

At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to set his cronies as officials of the imperial court around him to counter the "outer court" controlled by the royal lords of the Nine Qing Dynasty. Since then, Wei Qing has been reused by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he has also been named Dr. Taizhong, and the Wei family has also become prominent.

Legend has it that Wei Qing followed his master into the palace when he was young. In front of Ganquan Palace, he met a prisoner in chains, looked at his face and said that he was a "noble man with official orders". Wei Qing replied: "It is enough for a slave to be born without scolding. What if he is sealed?" .

Wei Qing has three children (Wei Heng, Wei Buyi and Wei Deng). Judging from the fact that Wei Qing was made a general in the fifth year of Yuan Shuo, and all three children were "babies", the mothers of the three children may not be the same. Later, she married Princess Pingyang, the sister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (when her ex-husband was Hou Cao of Pingyang, she was the former owner of Wei Qing). Princess Pingyang accompanied Wei Qing all her life and was buried with him after her death. She didn't have children for him.

In the sixth year of Yuanguang, he dispatched troops, a Xiongnu, and went south to the upper valley area. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty invaded 40,000 troops and divided them into four roads. He decisively appointed Wei Qing, a fledgling general, to meet the Huns with Li Guang, Gongsun Ao and Gongsun He. Although this was Wei Qing's first expedition, he fought bravely, won the Dragon City, killed 7,000 enemies and returned home in triumph. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw that the Fourth Route Army, except for Wei Qing's victory, was either defeated or retreated. He was very appreciative and named him Shanhaiguan Hou.

In the autumn of the first year of yuanshuo (128th BC), Wei Qing led thirty thousand cavalry to attack Yanmen County, killing thousands of Huns.

In the spring of the following year, Wei Qing led 40,000 troops to the cloud, panic in the Xiongnu Aries King and Loufan King, beheaded and captured thousands of Xiongnu, millions of cattle and sheep, recovered the Hetao area, and Wei Qing and his men returned armed to the teeth. This war solved the long-term threat of Xiongnu to Chang 'an, the capital of China. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immigrated to the Heshuo area and settled in the fields, and established Shuofang County, which laid a good foundation for fighting against Xiongnu in the future. Wei Qing was therefore named Changping Hou, and 3,800 households were closed.

Unwilling to fail, the Xiongnu began to fight back crazily after the new Khan acceded to the throne. In the summer of the third year of Yuanshuo, the Huns invaded Dai Jun with tens of thousands of cavalry, killed the friends of the satrap and plundered more than a thousand people. In the autumn of the same year, he broke into Yanmen and killed more than a thousand people. In the fourth year of Yuan Shuo, 30,000 people rode into Dai Jun, Dingxiang and Shang Jun, killing and plundering thousands of people. Especially the Huns' right Wang Xian resented that the Han Dynasty took away the land in Henan, built the city of Shuofang, and attacked the Heshuo area many times by cavalry, killing many officials and people. In order to pre-empt, in the spring of the fifth year of Yuanshuo, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Wei Qing to lead 30,000 cavalry out of Gaoque, and nearly 100,000 people from various ministries of the Han army cooperated with his actions. Wei Qing troops marched six or seven hundred li in a hurry and raided the right Wang Xian Department at night. Right Wang Xian could not resist, and fled alone with his concubine. The Han army captured fifteen thousand Huns, more than ten nobles and millions of cattle and sheep. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty worshipped him as a general, commanded the Han army, and sealed 8700 Hou. Wei Qing's three infant sons were also sealed, but Wei Qing declined and asked for a reward for his subordinates. Wei Qing's men were therefore sealed by eleven people.

In the spring and summer of January 6th, Wei Qing twice led more than 100,000 cavalry to attack Khan's base camp in the south of the desert, killing more than 10,000 people. While Su Jian and Zhao Xin's 3,000 troops were annihilated by Khan's main force. Wei Qing did not benefit from the seal, but gave birth to a daughter. Zhang Qian, a captain, was made Prince Bo. Wei Qing's nephew, Huo Qubing, led an 800-person solo attack, captured Hun Khan's uncle Guo Xiang alive, beheaded 2,028 people, including Khan's grandfather, and made great achievements.

In the spring of the fourth year of Yuanshou, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took 140,000 military forces and 500,000 foot soldiers as logistics supply corps, and gave them to 50,000 cavalry in Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, each leading two armies to attack the Huns on the Long March across the desert. The Han army originally planned to attack Khan from Huo Qubing to the west and Wei to the county seat to the left, but the captured Xiongnu prisoners released news that Khan was in the east. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty planned to let Huo Qubing play Khan as the main force, giving him priority in assigning good soldiers. He ordered Huo Wei's two armies to change their marching routes from Huo Qubing to Dai Jun in the east, while Wei Qing and his men went to Dingxiang in the west.

But after Wei Qing left the village, he went more than a thousand miles north and met the main force of Khan. At this time, the Han army had just traveled, but Li Guang and Zhao, who were in charge of circuitous, were lost and failed to get to the battlefield to participate in the war. In a crisis, Wei Qing decisively ordered the troops to form a ring array with WISCO chariots, and used 5,000 cavalry to cooperate with the army array to counter tarquin's charge, so as to weaken its momentum. The two sides fought fiercely all day, until the evening, when suddenly "the wind blows and the sand blows", Wei Qing seized the fighter plane and attacked with two wings under the cover of sandstorm, crushing Khan's troops in one fell swoop. With a genial smile, Khan escaped with six mules and horses and hundreds of followers, and the leaderless Xiongnu army was also defeated. The Han army attacked kill array and killed more than 10,000 people, but failed to catch up with Khan for more than 200 miles. They marched to Zhao Xincheng, and after a day of supply and reorganization, they were completely eliminated, and then moved back to the DPRK. On my way back to the army, I met Li and Zhao's troops.

On the Xiongnu side, Yi Zhixie disappeared for several days after the war, so that the Xiongnu thought he was dead. Your king became king, and he became Khan, until Yi Zhisub appeared again.

In this campaign, Wei Qing and his men attacked the strong with the weak, captured nearly 20,000 people and burned Zhao Xincheng, an important stronghold of Xiongnu, which dealt a heavy blow to Xiongnu. Historically, it was called the Battle of Mobei. This war completely defeated the main force of Xiongnu, weakened Xiongnu, and gradually migrated to the northwest, resulting in "desert south without Wang Ting";

Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were worshipped as Fu at the same time. Because Li Guang and Zhao Shi lost their way, they couldn't get through in time, lost Khan, and Wei Qing's men couldn't be blocked. The Mobei campaign was of great significance, which basically relieved the Xiongnu's military threat to the Han Dynasty, but it also paid a heavy price. /kloc-Only 30,000 out of 0/40,000 horses returned. Huns are far away, but horses are lacking. In the 14th year of Wei Qing, the Han Dynasty had not used large-scale troops against the Huns.

Veteran Li Guang couldn't go to war because he got lost. He lost his last chance to make contributions and seal the Hou, delaying the failure of the fighter plane to be investigated by military law. In a rage, he drew his sword and committed suicide. Li Guang's son Li Gan, then a subordinate of Huo Qubing, heard of his father's death and thought that Wei Qing had framed his father, so he went to Wei Qing to make trouble and wounded Wei Qing. Wei Qing himself didn't pursue Li Gan, but Huo Qubing couldn't accept that his men had offended his uncle, and soon shot Li Gan while hunting in Ganquan Palace. After Emperor Wu knew it, he ended the matter with the saying that "the deer touched and killed it".

Wei Qing made great achievements in his life. According to historical records, Hanshu has 16700 fiefs and 2200 fiefs.

As a general of Fu, he is a great minister, but Wei Qing has never raised a scholar. Since the sixth year of Yuanshou, Fu has the right; In the Han dynasty, the general was the highest military and political leader under the emperor and above the prime minister. ("Han Guan Yi" contains: "Han Xing, general, prime minister." "General Examination of Documents" (Volume 59) says: "A general is in charge of state affairs, but he has to rely on external characteristics, and his power far exceeds that of the prime minister." )

Wei Qing led his troops to attack the Huns seven times in his life, without any defeat. He is strict in running the army, can share joys and sorrows with the soldiers, and is brave in fighting, and is deeply loved by soldiers. Among them, Wu, the counselor of Liu An, the king of Huainan, spoke highly of Wei Qing, saying that he was "a talented person who can be used by all generals", so that the first step of Huainan's rebellion plan was to assassinate Wei Qing.

Although his moral character is noble, he is seldom praised by the scribes because he does not train scholars. Su Jian, a subordinate, once suggested to Wei Qing: "The generals are respectful, and the sages in the world have nothing to say. May the generals be encouraged to look at those recruited by the ancient generals! " Advise him to please the literati and buy off the public in order to create favorable public opinion in society. Wei Qing refused: "Since Wei Qi and Wu 'an are generous guests, the son of heaven often gnashes his teeth. He personally experienced the scholar-officials, recruited talented people, and was ashamed of corruption, which was his master's handle. People obey the law, why not! "Despite his remarkable achievements, Wei Qing is humble and low-key, and never overbearing. In Historical Records, he was rated as "kind and yielding, gentle and self-flattering". China's minister, Ji An, never worshipped Wei Qing, and Wei Qing was not angry. Instead, he respected Ji An more.

In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Wei Qing died and posthumous title was fierce, so he took the book "The Law of the Dead" and said, "I have made contributions to the people. Make meritorious deeds with martial arts. The meaning of "respecting morality and industry". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered a mausoleum in the shape of "Yinshan Mountain" to be built for Wei Qing in the east of Maoling, symbolizing Wei Qing's great achievements in his life.

Sima Qian's evaluation of Wei Qing in Historical Records is very subtle. On the one hand, Sima Qian emphasized Wei Qing's consort status in Biography of General Wei, focusing on describing Wei Qing's low-key and gentle life style, but the description of his exploits was far less detailed than that of Li Guang, so that the later (Ming) evaluation said: "Tai Shigong, because of his loneliness and anger, talks about Wei Qing. If it is not worth a penny, it will be read with the article, and it will be extensive. Sima Qian's evaluation of Li Guang and Wei Qing is unfair. Huang Zhen thought in Historical Records Lin Benji: "Anyone who looks at the biography of Huo Wei must look at Li Guang. Huo Wei went two thousand miles, and his voice was sublime. Reading his biography today is worthless. Every time Li Guang fought in the North, he was trapped for life. Now seeing his biography, the British style seems to be here. Is the suppression of history always within reach? "

On the other hand, Sima Qian praised Wei Qing indirectly in Historical Records of Hengshan through Wu Bei, the counselor of Huainan King. He said, "The general is polite to the scholar-officials and treats the soldiers well, and everyone is willing to use it." "Riding down the mountain is the man who is superior." "The order is clear, the enemy is brave, and the soldiers are always the first." "I gave up your home, but I couldn't cross the well." When the army stopped, the soldiers had already crossed the river, and this was the degree. Empress Dowager Cixi gave all the gold and silks to the military attache "and" Although the ancient soldiers have passed ",she praised Wei Qing for his modesty and courtesy, outstanding talent, and his love for soldiers. He was a rare soldier in ancient times. Some people think that Sima Qian was so contradictory in later generations because he was afraid of Wei Qing's birth (untouchable birth, illegitimate child and consort status) and Wei Qing, a very important official, died in a low-key and gentle way, which was not in line with his appreciation taste (Sima Qian's own experience made him praise more tragic figures such as Xiang Yu, Li Guang and Guo Jie), so he was unwilling to appreciate Wei Qing directly and publicly.

Sima Qian's description of Wei Qing in Historical Records influenced many people in later generations. He listed Wei Qing, Huo Qubing and Li Yannian as "minions" in the Biography of Love. Although he emphasized their status as "consorts", especially pointed out that Wei and Huo were "self-motivated", he still gave some later generations the impression that Wei Qing was just a villain who depended on the nepotism of the queen. Wang Wei's poem "General Wei Qing's victory is just an accident" also thinks that Wei Qing has no real skill, but he was lucky not to lose the battle. In addition, because Sima Qian thought that Wei Qing was deliberately partial to Sun Ao and pushed out Li Guang to the east, Li Guang got lost and committed suicide. In fact, on the contrary, Li Guang's lost time made Mobei War miss the best opportunity to encircle Khan. Fortunately, Wei Qing kept calm in a crisis and used WISCO against the enemy, which made him turn the tables.

Some people even associate Wei Qing and Huo Qubing with Toy Boy, Han Yan, Li Yannian and other "pets" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Historical Records. In the Biography of Zheng Ji, it is recorded that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very casual and informal with Wei Qing, thus linking them with homosexual behavior. Su Dongpo once wrote an article mocking Wei Qing as an apple polisher in Dongpo's branch forest people.

Compared with scholars' different opinions, Wei Qing spoke highly of ancient military strategists. In ancient times, there was a saying that "Sun Wu lived with him, and he was quite a shepherd" (Sun Wu, Wu Qi, Bai Qi, Han Xin, Lian Po, Li Mu, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing). Cao Zhang, the third son of Cao Cao in the Eastern Han Dynasty, once said, "A gentleman should learn from Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, make contributions to the desert, and drive hundreds of thousands of people in the world. How can he be a doctor? " Li Jing, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier, once commented: "All warriors win by harmony and win by surprise. There are several people who are curious and kind, such as Sun Wu, Wei Qing, Zhuge Liang and Liao Liao. " Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Song Dynasty, said: "Wei Qing and Huo Qubing should set an example and I should make a difference." At the same time, he highly praised Wei Qing's Wuhan iron and steel transportation, and thought that "the innovation of tactics broke the Huns, and Wei Qing began". At the same time, Zong Ze, a famous Southern Song Dynasty star, also said, "Generals should learn from Wei Qing." In addition, Su Xun also praised: "Wei, Huo, and Li Jing in the Han Dynasty were all wise generals. Han Xin, Qing Bu and Peng Yue in the Han Dynasty, and Xue Wanche, Hou and Sheng in the Tang Dynasty will also delay. There are not many sages, and talented people can do it. " True or false in Huo Qubing Biography: "Once upon a time, Hanwu had something to do with Xiongnu, and his family was handed over to Sai. Wei Qing, however, started from a humble servant, to a proud son, and then to Wanli, and was invincible, with great power, which shocked the world, though its ancient name was unparalleled. Is the ability of two people out of plain learning? It is also the capital of heaven. " Refute the statement that "Wei and Huo are rich in nepotism". There is a saying that there were Wei Qing and Huo Qubing in Han Dynasty and Guo Ziyi and Li Sheng in Tang Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, once used Zhong Qing and the Pharmacist (Zhong Qing refers to Wei Qing and Pharmacist refers to Li Jing) to praise the famous aquamarine who defeated the Northern Yuan in the battle of Yu Erhai Lake. Qi Jiguang lamented: "Did Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Xie Xuan, Yue Fei and King Wuning of Zhongshan restrain the immortals? Is it my generation? " Zeng Guofan mentioned in his book that "promising people" should not be restricted by capital and land. Wei Qingren is a slave and worships the general, but he is still your Lord. When can you be a strange and stubborn person! Mao Zedong even said: "The key to fighting is not limited to mud. In the past, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing dared to innovate tactics, crossed the desert, moved the enemy's soft spot, and took them by surprise, so they won every battle. " .