Qin Zheng's experience in South County

Nanjun, originally the capital circle of Chu, is located in Jianghan Plain, where rice, wheat and millet are planted, mainly rice, not millet. In the battle of Yan Yong, the long canal flooded Yan County, the capital of Chu, and the following year, it destroyed the capital and burned the Chu tomb, killing hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians in Chu. At the same time, Qin also pardoned several groups of sinners and enriched the land. The king city of Chu was destroyed, and then the Qin Dynasty changed Jiangling to Nanjun and set up another county. Takahashi Sata won the title of Wu Anjun for this battle. He didn't stay in Nanjun for a long time, but he was transferred to fight Wei, leaving a psychological shadow on Xin Lingjun and his brother (mentioned in the biography of Wei Gongzi). King Xiang of Chu Qing counterattacked from the east with more than 100,000 troops, and recovered the town of 15 south of the Yangtze River (Qin called it "Chu people opposed Jiangnan"), but Nanjun on the north bank of the Yangtze River was not taken down. After the war, Qin Chu made peace and the five-year war ended.

Qin did not gain a firm foothold on the south bank of the Yangtze River, mainly because the situation in central Guizhou on the south bank of the Yangtze River was too complicated. In fact, the original rule of Chu was not particularly powerful, and basically only controlled the strip plain area along the river. There were many rebellious barbarians in the mountains, including Wu Lingren, who later gave the Han Dynasty a headache (it didn't seem that his name was called at that time). Even though Dongting County was established in Qin Dynasty, the form of moving to Lingxian County was that Qin immigrants and Chu people lived in the city, and many Yue people from different tribes were scattered in the mountains outside the city. For the former Du Ying area on the north bank of the Yangtze River, Chu culture is undoubtedly very profound, but there are more exchanges with the Central Plains than South Chu, which has a certain integration foundation. Coupled with the lower reaches of the Hanshui River, Qin Jun's troops are easy to deliver, and it is still out of Chu Jun's strength to compete in Jiangbei. It's no use calling again, so I won't call.

Qin is in the south county, of course, Qin law and Qin system should be implemented. At least abolish the Chu county system and change it to the Qin version. The Chu version of the county system is quite political. Chu county magistrate system is equivalent to Qin county magistrate system, but it has less real power. If I remember correctly, judicial power and financial power were divided up by another organization. I forgot the names of those two organizations. Anyway, the county can't manage it, but the superior leader of the central court. Chu county magistrate is also the county magistrate of the largest county in the county, and its control over other county magistrates is not particularly strong. Bai Qi felt that the family of Chu people was not United in the battle of Yan Yong, which had a lot to do with the characteristics of the county system in Chu.

The decentralization of Chu is different from that of Qin. The Qin system has centralization and decentralization, but the decentralized part is very careful not to make the affairs redundant. Compared with office efficiency, Chu department probably values the checks and balances within the aristocratic group more. The nobility of Chu has a strong political component, and the county magistrate of a county is basically divided by the Zhao, Jing, Qu and Xiang families of Chu. There are many factions of the Chu army. Of course, with the fighting, all these were wiped out by Qin Jun.

The population loss in Nan County is heavy, so Chu people are still in the majority. The number of Qin criminals who came here in the form of Amnesty Corps and good immigrants whose fields were closed for meritorious service is quite large, but the proportion is probably not more than half. These two groups * * * isomorphically formed the social foundation of Nanjun, a bit like Bashu, but nothing like Guanzhong. Qin was in charge of the southern county, which formed a new experience in managing the county. I call it the south county experience. It's called civil science, which is unprofessional.

Based on the Qin law, Nanjun's experience has long adopted the strategy of paying equal attention to Qin Chu culture. The Chu custom that contradicted the Qin law was naturally abolished, but many Chu customs that did not affect the Qin law were actually too lazy to intervene. In fact, the State of Qin is very pragmatic, saying that as long as it abides by the Qin laws, it is unambiguous to pay taxes and serve, and most of the others are based on local conditions and make full use of local economic and cultural characteristics.

The most interesting thing is that Qin officials in Nanjun adopted two sets of calendars in Qin Chu at the same time and compared them in daily life, instead of directly replacing Chu with Qin's. This phenomenon lasted for a long time, at least the time period covered by Qin bamboo slips in Sleeping Tiger Land has not changed. So that later, Nei Shiteng was punctual in Nanjun (April 20 th year of Qin Dynasty), and Zhongshu complained that Nanjun customs should be rectified.

But to be fair, Nanjun should actually be well managed as a whole. Of course, it can't be compared with the situation of blood transfusion in the whole country during the Chu metropolitan area, but it is the second sub-center of South Qin after Shu County in the southern counties of Qin State. In the case of Cangwu County in "Divination", Qin Shihuang sent the county magistrate of Nanjun to interrogate on behalf of the court. Nanjun has always been next to Chu, and it is rare that it has not been shot down and has not surrendered to Chu.

The long-term coexistence of Qin Chu culture in Nan County is mainly due to the balance between Qin people and Chu people. So although there are many Chu people, the backing of Qin people is hard. The cultures of the two sides are very different, so they can only communicate and integrate slowly. Over time, the Chu people became accustomed to the methods of the Qin people, and the Qin immigrants who went south did not do as the Romans did. After all, it is the production and life in the south. North Malaysia is replaced by south boat, and millet, wheat and mutton are replaced by rice, rice and fish soup. It is not strange or shameful to be transformed by the environment.

The local natural environment is no different from that during the reign of Chu, and the products will not change much. People make a living in the same way. Qin system replaced Chu system, as a new superstructure, grafted on this economic basis. After the war, the canal used to draw water to the city in Tian Lei was transformed into a water conservancy project to irrigate farmland. This is also a microcosm of the war era. A large number of Chu people became farmers' editors. The tax collection of Qin State is not unified. Shang Yang designed a very complicated calculation method, taking into account the different fertility of the land and the quality of a year, with the goal of tax equalization. In my impression, the tax rate of Dongting County is lower than that of Guanzhong, mainly because the land is not as fertile as Guanzhong.

Although Fujin, the prefect of Nanjun, described the situation in Nanjun very seriously in his dictionary, it seemed that Chumin always wanted to take advantage of the loopholes to fight Qin. In fact, Qin Ting did not regard Nanjun as a new land, but regarded it as a part of the old Qin land. Being an official in Nan County is not a new official. Moreover, Nanjun did not actively resist the Qin Dynasty until its demise, but was shot down. Even if the locality is still a form of cultural coexistence in Qin Chu. Nanjun later stood on the side of Han and unified the forces of the Qin Dynasty, when Chu and Han competed for each other. In fact, these Chu people in Qinhua are quite close to Chu in culture. However, if there is a chance to be a small and medium-sized landlord with a military title, who wants to go back and become a dependent population of the nobility? It is not without reason that the people in Chu always go to other countries.

Liu bang, a native of Chu, sealed Chu and Changsha, but left Nanjun directly under the central government of Han Dynasty. One is to control the hub of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (Nanjun is the core area of Jingzhou in the later Han Dynasty), and the other is because this place, like Bashu Hanzhong, has long been integrated into the Qin government, and the Chu system will surely perish.