Historical answers to the 2006 Shanghai college entrance examination

Second, a brief description of the topic (***34 points)

"People can make history unfold in sections like magic lamps ..."

The following questions choose six historical fragments, trying to find the characteristics of the past era through these fragments, find the direction and significance contained in them, and thus interpret the civilizations that took place in different time and space.

28. The Xiongnu moved westward and the Han people moved southward.

Material 1: In Europe, some people think that some Hungarians today are descendants of Huns who moved westward. The appearance of these Hungarians is obviously different from that of ordinary Europeans: their folk songs are similar to those of northern Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia in China; They also play suona and cut paper like people in northern Shaanxi, and even have similar endings.

Material 2: In the ancient history of China, there were several large-scale migrations from the north to the south. Scientists tried to use the method of "gene decoding" to study how immigrants from the north changed the genetic structure of southerners, and have achieved preliminary research results.

Question: (6 points)

(1) In which dynasty did the Xiongnu move westward? What is the reason? (2 points)

A: Eastern Han Dynasty or Han Dynasty; Dou Xian defeated the northern Xiongnu or the Han army defeated the Xiongnu.

(2) In the ancient history of China, how many large-scale population migrations occurred in primitive areas? (3 points)

A: At the end of the Han Dynasty, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and the Song and Jin Dynasties confronted each other.

(3) The above two materials used folk investigation, genetic analysis and other research methods. Besides, what other methods do you think can be used to study population migration? ( 1)

A: Literature review (genealogy, sayings, monographs), physical objects (inscriptions), field investigation, etc.

29. Ming Taizu and Zhang Dou:

According to historical records, there were * * *160 memorials sent to the palace by internal and external departments from September/4 to 2 1 day in the seventeenth year of Hongwu, Ming Taizu. These memorials are about one thing, two or three things. 329 1 event, the emperor handled 4 1 1 event on average every day.

Question: (6 points)

(1) What reforms did Zhu Yuanzhang make to "internal and external" (central and local administrative departments)? (4 points)

A: the central government: abolish the prime minister and divide powers by six points; Place: Waste Chinese Book Province, Third Division.

(2) Who assisted Zhu Yuanzhang in handling so many memorials? ( 1)

A: Diange University.

(3) What are the characteristics of the imperial power in the Ming Dynasty? ( 1)

A: The absolute monarchy has been strengthened unprecedentedly.

30. A great man in the eyes of students in the early Republic of China

19 13 A survey of 300 primary and middle school students shows that the figures they worship are Confucius, Mencius, Sun Yat-sen, Yan Yuan, Zhuge Liang, Fan Ju, Yue Fei, Wang Yangming, Li and Washington.

An important part of inquiry learning is to raise topics. A middle school history study group discussed the above materials:

A: The worship of Sun Yat-sen and Washington by primary and secondary school students shows that great changes have taken place in society since the Revolution of 1911.

B: You see that these students still worship Confucius and Mencius, which shows that the society has not changed much since the Revolution of 1911.

C: it's not that simple. Why do they worship Sun Yat-sen, Washington, Confucius and Mencius?

Question: (6 points)

(1) How to understand A and B? Why did C say "it's not that simple"? (4 points)

A: A: Moreover, the system has been established, and democracy and ideas are deeply rooted in people's hearts.

B: Feudal traditional ideas still have influence.

C: They worshipped Confucius and Mencius as well as Sun Yat-sen and Washington, indicating that the society at that time was in the transition from the old to the new.

(2) According to the above discussion, draw up a topic for my own research. (2 points)

A: The proposed theme is standardized and relevant.

3 1, a historical fragment in the textbook.

After nearly 30 years of development, by the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, most important industrial sectors in major capitalist countries were concentrated in the hands of dozens of monopoly organizations. These large economic consortia do not exclude competition, on the contrary, they make the competition more intense, but they are mainly based on science and technology and take scientific management as a means to improve labor productivity, pursue profits and enhance competitiveness. It shows that the formation of monopoly organization is a major adjustment of production relations in order to adapt to the progress of productive forces in the development of capitalism. It also indicates that under the form of monopoly organization, the productive forces of capitalist society will develop even more amazingly. While industrial production is concentrated, the concentration and monopoly of bank capital also reach a high level. It promotes the integration of bank capital and industrial capital and forms financial capital. When monopoly organizations become the basis of all economic life of capitalism, capitalism has entered the stage of monopoly-imperialism, which is also capitalism in the modern sense and the mature development period of capitalism.

-The first volume of senior one history, Shanghai Education Press, 1995 edition, printed 12 times in 2002, p. 173.

Read the text and answer the questions: (5 points)

(1) What do you mean by "development in recent 30 years"? (2 points)

(2) What is the relationship between monopoly and competition? Do you have any new understanding besides the explanation of the text? (2 points)

(3) What is the meaning of "modernity" in Capitalism in the Modern Sense? ( 1)

[Answer] (1) The second scientific and technological revolution promoted scientific and technological progress and productivity development; With the development of capitalism, competition is becoming more and more fierce, and production and capital are concentrated in a few capitalists.

(2) Do not exclude competition, on the contrary, make the competition more intense. Monopoly excludes competition, etc.

(3) Monopoly organizations become the basis of all economic life of capitalism or enter the monopoly stage.

32. Germany is in the territory

"We Germans are a nation, because we have experienced the same history, so we feel United with each other." This passage reflects the German nation's desire for reunification. The following picture shows the map of Germany in four different periods.

Question: (6 points)

(1) What changes do the above pictures reflect in the political map of Germany? (2 points)

(2) How are the cases of diagram B and diagram D realized? (2 points)

What is the reason for the situation of (1)C diagram? ( 1)

(1) What do four pictures give you? ( 1)

[Answer] (1) From division to unity; From unity to division, and from division to unity.

(2) dynastic wars or bloody policies; Peaceful way or non-war way.

(3) After World War II, Germany was occupied by different regions or the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union.

(4) The German nation's desire for reunification; Unity is the trend of historical development; Peaceful reunification is better than military reunification.

33. Society in Children's Eyes

Question: (5 points)

(1) What was the social background of children's paintings in the 1950s? (2 points)

(2) Look at these two children's paintings. What do you think has happened to people's environmental awareness in the past 40 years? ( 1)

(3) What is the difference between China's economic development view reflected in these two paintings? (2 points)

Key points of the answer:

(1) The first five-year plan, socialist transformation, the general line of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress, the Great Leap Forward, etc.

(2) Environmental awareness is enhanced, and people live in harmony with nature.

(3) From industrialization led by heavy industry to socialist modernization (Scientific Outlook on Development, sustainable development concept, well-off society, etc.

Three. Question and answer (***26 points)

34. The encounter of different civilizations inevitably involves the knowledge and understanding of the outside world. From the era of great navigation in15th century to the Opium War in the middle of19th century, the exchanges between Chinese and foreign civilizations fluctuated, and China's understanding of the outside world also changed.

Question: (13)

(1) Try to list the historical facts of Zheng He, Xu Guangqi and Lin Zexu's foreign contacts. (8 points)

A: Zheng He visited more than 30 countries during his seven voyages to the Western Ocean, and reached the east coast of Africa and the coast of the Red Sea as far as possible, where he exchanged goods and people. Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci jointly translated Euclid's Elements of Geometry, and his Encyclopedia of Agricultural Management included some new western knowledge, and cooperated with Tang Ruowang to revise the calendar. Lin Zexu sold goods in Humen, edited and edited the chronicles of four continents, and bought western cannons to strengthen defense.

(2) Summarize the changes in your understanding of the outside world. (5 points)

A: Zheng He: exchange rare treasures for the power and wealth of the people's dynasty; Strengthened the ties between China and Asian and African countries and enhanced mutual understanding; "Western" countries came to Korea. Xu Guangqi: In contact with western missionaries, I learned advanced western scientific knowledge, realized the backwardness of China's science and technology, and introduced western scientific knowledge. Lin Zexu: Learn from the western "skills", open your eyes to the world, oppose aggression, communicate on an equal footing, and explore ways to save the country and the people. Their understanding of the outside world has changed: from showing the strength and wealth of big countries to understanding backwardness, they began to learn from the West and seek national self-improvement.

35. hobsbawm, a British historian, wrote in his book The Age of Capital:/kloc-The mid-9th century was an era of all-round victory of capitalism in Europe and America, which began with the self-celebration ceremony of the World Expo. 185 1 London Expo, 1855 Paris Expo, and 1876 Philadelphia Expo are all demonstrating this victory, showing its wealth growth and scientific and technological progress to the world.

Question: (13)

(1) How did the "wealth growth and scientific and technological progress" in Europe and America come about in the middle of the 65438+9th century? ( 1)

A: The Industrial Revolution

(2) How to understand that the capitalist economy of Britain, France and the United States achieved "all-round victory" in the middle of19th century? (9 points)

A: Britain: completed the leap or technological invention or technological revolution from workshop handicraft industry to large machine production; The formation or division of labor of the factory system; Create unprecedented huge productivity or become a "world factory"; From traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society.

France: During the July Dynasty, the industrial revolution developed rapidly. During the Second Empire of France, the industrial revolution deepened and the economy developed rapidly, and the capitalist system was finally established in France.

United States: The Industrial Revolution began in the early 1920s, which solved the land problem through civil war, abolished plantation economy (or slavery), and enabled the United States to completely establish the capitalist system (such as free labor and free trade) and enter a period of rapid development of capitalism.

(3) Why should the West show its achievements at the World Expo? What brand-new significance do you think Shanghai in 20 10 will give to the World Expo? (3 points)

A: The World Expo is a comprehensive manifestation of modern western capitalism showing wealth growth and scientific and technological progress. Show the world the achievements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's construction and development.

Four, material analysis and demonstration questions (***30 points)

36. After the Second World War, the international military court prosecuted fascist war criminals for "crimes against peace" (referring to planning, preparing, launching or conducting a war of aggression); "War crime" refers to acts that violate the laws and customs of war, including abusing or killing prisoners, hostages, laborers, looting property, destroying towns, etc. ); "Crime against humanity" (refers to inhuman acts such as killing, extermination and enslavement of any civilian before and during the war).

This year marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the anti-fascist war, and the whole world is deeply rethinking. Please write a short historical essay reflecting on the Second World War with the theme of barbarism stepping on civilization and civilization defeating barbarism. (2 points for topic selection, 0/0 for viewpoint, 0/2 for historical facts, 2 points for structure and 4 points for text)

note:

1 Stick to the given topic and highlight personal understanding.

Combine Chinese and foreign historical facts and pay attention to material analysis.

The structure of the article is reasonable and the words are fluent.

Key points of the answer: (1) Topic selection: The selected perspective or topic is consistent with the given topic, clear and accurate; The selected perspective or topic is basically consistent with the theme, but it is not accurate enough.

(2) Views:

World War II was the largest war and unprecedented cruel violence in human history. It destroyed human civilization, trampled on human dignity and violated all kinds of basic human rights, including the right to life. Candidates can reflect on human rights, human dignity, humanity and modern civilization, various carriers and symbols of human civilization, national spirit and human peace, war and civilization ruled by law, violence and justice.

(3) Historical facts: The selected historical facts are typical and substantial.

(4) Structure: distinct levels and coherent articles.

(5) the text is fluent.