Detailed explanation of the way of governing the country

Governing the country is an article recorded in China's classic Guanzi, which can be found in article 48 of Guanzi.

Guanzi is a book that records the words and deeds of Guan Zhong, a statesman and thinker of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period of China (770-476 BC). It was written from the Warring States Period (475 ~ 22 BC1) to the Qin and Han Dynasties. When Liu Xiang compiled Guanzi, there were 86 articles, 76 of which were in this edition, and the rest 10 were only in the catalogue.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Ruling the country Author: Guan Zhong Pinyin: zhiguó Citation explanation: word definition, word pronunciation, basic definition, detailed quotation explanation, classic correlation, work content, author introduction, word definition pronunciation Pinyin zhigu. Manage state affairs to make them strong and stable. Book of Rites University: "Governing the country at home." "Wen Xin Diao Long" by the Southern Liang Dynasty: "The wild old man ruled the country on the right, and the son raised politics in astronomy." Zheng Sheng Shi Wei Yan: Learning: "Those who are literate must have weapons. Those who are literate should govern the country and use weapons to defend difficulties." The fifth time in the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: "Wang Ping said,' Otherwise. Your country is well governed, and I want to make the prince watch the wind in Zheng to solve the immediate confusion. If you are firm in your words, it is a sin for me. "Selected Folk Songs of Northern Shaanxi Immigrants": "Three mountains are low and five mountains are high. Chairman Mao has made great contributions to governing the country. "2. A stable and peaceful country. "Zhuangzi on Earth": "Governing the country is chaotic. "Guanzi Faming": "The so-called rule of the country, the main Ming Dow also; The so-called chaotic country, the minister wins. "Original content related to classic works.

Any way to govern the country must enrich the people first. Rich people are easy to treat, but poor people are difficult to treat. What if I know? When the people get rich, they go back to their hometowns. When they return home, they are afraid of sin and easy to cure. People who are poor are in danger in the countryside, while those who are light are cheap at home. If they are in danger of their hometown and despise their families, they dare to ban it, and it will be difficult to eradicate it. Therefore, those who govern the country are often rich, and those who mess with the country are often poor. Those who take goodness as their country must enrich the people first and then govern the people.

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Generally speaking, the principle of governing a country is to get rich first, so it is easy to govern when people are rich, and it is difficult to govern when people are poor. How did you know? When people are rich, they will settle down in their hometown and cherish their homeland. When they love their hometown in Anxiang, they will respect the monarch and fear punishment. If they respect sin, governance will be easy. When people are poor, they will feel uneasy about living in the countryside and look down on their homes. If they feel uneasy about living in the country and despise their homes, they dare to confront the monarch and violate the ban. If they resist the ban, it will be difficult to govern. Therefore, a well-governed country is often rich, and a chaotic country is bound to be poor. Therefore, a monarch who is good at governing the country must first make the people rich and then govern the country. original text

The kings of the past 79 generations had different legal systems and different orders, but everyone was the king of the world. Why? The country will be rich and strong, and the millet will be abundant. Rich countries and rich countries were born in agriculture, so Wang Gui comes first. Anyone who is anxious for the country must first ban the skillful end, and at the end of the skillful end, it is forbidden to travel without food. People who travel without food will have to plow the fields. Private farming means land reclamation, land reclamation means more millet, and more millet means national wealth. The country is rich and the people are strong, and the soldiers are strong and the people are wide. Therefore, the late king knew that all people, Qiang Bing, a vast land and a rich country would be born in Suye, so it was forbidden to work at the end to stop Kit Kat and benefit agriculture. I don't cook kit kat today, but I will cook five eclipses a day. The farmer's work all year round is not enough to support himself. But * * * gave up skills and finally did it. If you give up your skills, you will achieve nothing, the land will be barren and the country will be poor.

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Once upon a time, emperors' statutes and political orders were different, but they were all able to unify the whole country. What is the reason? It must be because the country is rich and has a lot of food. Most of the country's wealth comes from agriculture, so the first generation of holy kings attached importance to agriculture. Any urgent task of governing the country must first ban luxury industry and commerce and luxury goods manufacturing. If these are banned, people can't wander around begging for food, and they have to engage in agriculture. When people engage in agriculture, their land will be reclaimed. When the land is reclaimed, food will increase and the country will become rich. The country is rich and the people are strong, and the war will win if the soldiers are strong. If defeated, the land will be vast. Therefore, the first generation of sages knew that the population was large, the military strength was strong, the territory was vast, and the national wealth must come from grain, so they all banned extravagant industry and commerce and the production of luxury goods to facilitate the development of agriculture. Now people engaged in luxury goods industry and commerce and luxury goods production can eat for five days a day. Farmers work all year round, but they can't support themselves. In this way, the people gave up agriculture and engaged in luxury industry and commerce. Abandoning agriculture and engaging in luxurious industry and commerce will make the land barren and the country poor. original text

All the farmers who are less than one month old and over one year old are also eager to collect taxes, and they have to lend them twice as much money. Sometimes, people plow the fields, but they don't plow enough, so they have to borrow twice as much money to get rid of them. Autumn five, spring a bundle, is also a double loan. Therefore, the above-mentioned certificate was taken from the people four times, rented by the Guan family, and collected from the treasury eleven times. The four times should also be doubled. The husband supports four masters with one citizen, so those who flee can't stop their punishment, and the people have nothing to accumulate.

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In all agriculture, the characteristic of its income is that it is often more than enough to make ends meet by month, and it may be more than enough by year. But the government is in a hurry to collect taxes and has no time. Farmers have to borrow "one for two" usury to cope with the above expropriation. There are seasonal restrictions on plowing and weeding, but the rain may not be timely enough, so farmers have to borrow usury to hire people to water the land. The price of grain bought by merchants in autumn is "five", and the price of grain sold in spring is "ten", which is also a usury. Therefore, if the above demands are counted, there are four places that can ask farmers for multiples, because the city's rent tax, the collection of the state treasury, one-tenth of the grain collection, and all kinds of labor add up. Add it up all the year round, and it is equal to a usury. A farmer has to support four creditors, so the monarch can't stop the outflow of farmers when the fugitives are punished. This is because there is little food and farmers have no savings. original text

To the east of Songshan Mountain, between the river and the secluded place, fleas are born and died late, and where the grain lies, four kinds of five get it. Middle-aged acres of two stones, one husband is millet two hundred stones. Today, the granary is empty and the people have no accumulation. Farmers who live on porridge have no ability to forget it. Therefore, the former king made it easy for farmers, scholars, businessmen and workers to communicate with each other, and the annual income was not the same. It is based on the people. If the people plow the fields, they will not be born. Land reclamation leads to more millet, and millet leads to national wealth. Clever and cunning will not give birth to * * *. Rich and rule, Ben Wang Zhidao also.

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From the foot of the mountain to the Yellow River and Rushui. Crops grow early and set late, which is a good place to increase grain production. Sowing is being done all year round, and all crops are being harvested. In the middle of the year, the grain yield per mu is two stones. A worker can plow 100 acre and collect 200 stones. Now that the national granary is empty, the people have not accumulated it. Farmers sell their children and women because the monarch can't balance the people's income. Therefore, the first generation of holy kings always paid attention to the exchange of industries among farmers, scholars, businessmen and workers, and their annual income could not exceed each other. In this way, farmers specialize in agriculture, and their income can be balanced with other industries. Farmers who concentrate on farming will be reclaimed, and cunning will not happen. When the land is reclaimed, there will be more grain, and the country will be rich and have more grain. Without cunning, the people will be stable again. Being rich and stable is the road to success. original text

If you don't give birth to millet, your country will die; if you give birth to millet, you will die; if you give birth to millet, you will not die. Millet also, the people return; Xiaomi is also, and wealth is also; Millet also belongs to the land. If there are more millet, everything in the world will dry up. So Shun moved to a city, to Chengdu and to a village. Shun punishment is not strict, prohibition is not heavy, but the people return to it, and those who leave will suffer, and those who follow will benefit. Wang Weimin did what he wanted first, so all the people in the world joined him. The so-called profit-seekers, benefit farmers; The so-called pest control, it is forbidden to harm farmers. If you win farming, you will receive more millet, and if you receive more millet, you will be rich. If you are rich, you will go back to your hometown. If you go back to your hometown, you will change your customs and drive away many immigrants. As for killing them, people are miserable. This service is also successful. Weak agriculture leads to less millet, poor millet leads to poor people, and poor people lead to light families. It's difficult to change the master's position, so it's not feasible to make it, to ban Fukashi, and the war cannot be won, so it's not necessary to be solid. The husband's orders don't have to be done, the ban doesn't have to stop, the war is not won, and the defense is not solid. This kind of life is called the parasitic king. This is also harmful to agriculture and millet. Xiaomi, the skill of the king, the responsibility of the master, someone's painting, the way of governing the country.

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Countries that don't produce food will perish, countries that produce food and eat it all can only dominate, and countries that produce food but can't eat it all can become Wang Ye. Food can attract people; Food can make money; Food can also expand the territory. There is more food, and all the products in the world have come. Therefore, Shun led the people to move to An for the first time, develop agriculture, build An into a "city", move the capital for the second time, and move the country for the third time. Shun did not use harsh laws and prohibitions, but the people followed him. Because leaving him is bound to hurt and following him is bound to be beneficial. The first generation of the holy king worked for the welfare of the people, so people all over the world joined him. The so-called benefit is agricultural benefit. The so-called pest control is to prohibit the harm to agriculture. Agricultural development will increase food income and make the country rich, and national prosperity will make people live and work in peace and contentment and cherish their homes. Although Anxiang loves his family, it will change customs, drive away dispatchers and even kill them, and the people don't hate it. This is the effect of devoting to grain production. If agriculture is not developed, food is essential; If there is less food, you will be poor; If you are poor, you will despise your home; Lighter, easy to escape; If you can't escape easily, you can't make laws; Can't make decrees, can't ban the law; If you can't stop the law, you can't win the war; You can't defend yourself. The law cannot be enforced. The law can't be stopped, the war can't be won, and the defense can't be decided. It's called a parasitic monarch. This is the danger of not developing agriculture and lack of food. Therefore, increasing grain production is the fundamental event of becoming a king, the major task of the monarch, the way of recruiting talents and talents, and the way of governing the country. Author's brief introduction Guan Zhong (723 BC-about 645 BC), Han nationality, whose real name is Yi Wu, also known as Zhong, was a famous politician and strategist of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period and was born in Yingshang (now Yingshang, Anhui). Guan Zhong lost his father at a young age, his mother was in the hospital, and he lived in poverty. He had to shoulder the burden of his family early. In order to make a living, he joined the army after doing business in partnership with Bao. After many twists and turns, he was recommended by Bao as the prime minister of Qi State, which was called "the first phase in the Spring and Autumn Period" and assisted him to become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Therefore, Guan Zhong's remarks that "Guan is a scholar" were found in the Mandarin Chyi Yu, and another "Guan Zi" was handed down from generation to generation. Guan Zhong's Guanzi consists of 76 articles, which are divided into 8 categories: 9 articles with elaborate words, 8 articles with external words, 7 articles with internal words, 5 articles with phrases 17, 5 articles with regional dialects, 4 articles with essays 10, and 4 articles with explanations of Guanzi. The herdsmen's "mountain heights" and "riding horses" in Han Feizi, New Books and Historical Records cited by Jia Yi are regarded as the legacy of Guan Zhong by academic circles. Li Zheng, Children's Palace, Yan Shu, Dakuang, Zhongkuang, Xiaokuang, Shuidi, etc. It is considered by academic circles to be a work describing Guan Zhong's words and deeds. Up and down mind, white heart, internal strength, etc. The formation of another system is regarded by Guan Zhong School and Qi Legalists as the development and development of Guan Zhong's thought, and some people in academic circles think it is the legacy of Song Shuo and Qi Legalists.