What was the political situation in Northeast China during the period from Xuan Tong in the late Qing Dynasty to Japanese surrender?

Brief introduction: After the Qing government perished, there was a warlord named Feng in Zhang. After Zhang Zuolin was killed by the Japanese army, Zhang Xueliang changed his name and surname to lead the Northeast Army. 193 1 year. After the September 18th Incident, Zhang Xueliang retired from the customs. The northeast people and the Northeast Army, which have not been withdrawn, formed the Anti-Japanese Volunteers. * * * The producer arranged for Yang Jingyu to lead the anti-Japanese guerrillas. 1932, Japan helped the deposed Qing emperor Puyi to establish the puppet Manchukuo regime in Changchun. Northeasters began to live in conquered nations. 1945, the Soviet red army sent troops to the northeast, and within six days, the northeast kwantung army surrendered. After the outbreak of the civil war, during the War of Liberation, the Liaoshen Campaign was carried out, which liberated the whole Northeast.

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The history of Northeast China is about 200 years of immigration. Before the Ming Dynasty, the Northeast probably only reached the present Liaoyang. When Manchu entered the customs, the total population of Manchu was less than 200,000, but only 70,000 people were able to fight. In order to prevent the further sinicization of the Northeast, the Manchu government stopped a large number of immigrants to the Northeast. Immigrants in the real sense began in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and the Beiyang government, especially Zhang and his son (Zhang and Zhang Xueliang), contributed a lot to this. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the father of the country, once profoundly reviewed and said, "The Three People's Principles have been implemented for so many years, and the people's livelihood is not as good as that of Zhang and his son in the northeast." Many people say that the prosperity of Northeast China is due to the Japanese. Actually, this is too high for the Japanese. 1929, the Japanese also admitted that in less than half a year, all the shares of Manchuria Railway will fall into the hands of China. At that time, the Middle East Railway operated by the Soviet Union was even more alive, which led to the "Middle East Road Incident" that lasted for 30 years. Zhang Xueliang was eager to recover the Middle East Railway, which triggered a military conflict. Before September 18th, Japan made little investment in Northeast China, and its only "investment" was military, but later it was discovered that Zhang had cheated Japan, so he turned against him. After Japan occupied Northeast China, it did invest a lot, but most of them supported the war by fighting, and the people in Northeast China did not enjoy any benefits. Due to political reasons, the history of the development of Northeast China in the 1920s was covered up to a certain extent, which led many China people and even Northeasters not to understand the achievements of Northeast China at that time, and they mistakenly gave the glory of Northeast economy to the Japanese. How can Zhang Can be satisfied with his grave? Fortunately, now that some information has gradually become public, we can know some facts.

Due to the successful development history of Northeast China, the political situation in the three northeastern provinces has undergone a once-in-a-thousand-year qualitative change. As the Beiyang government and Zhang's sons immigrated to the Northeast in an organized, purposeful and packaged way from Shandong, Hebei and even Henan and Anhui with a population of 3 million per year, the population structure of Heilongjiang and Jilin has undergone fundamental changes, which is a fatal blow to Russia and Japan's Manchuria strategy. Shortly after September 18th, Japanese organizations immigrated to Northeast China at the rate of 300,000 people per year, but by the end of 1945, there were as many as 45 million immigrants from China in Northeast China, while there were only 2.6 million Japanese, although they had become the largest ethnic minority in Northeast China. In the 1920s, Japan openly incited a large number of Koreans to immigrate to Jilin to confront the immigrants from Northeast China, which eventually led to the Baoshan Road incident in Jilin and alienated the Koreans from Northeast China. Yanbian area in Jilin did not exist at all in the 1920s, which was thought to be caused by Japanese immigrants from North Korea to prevent China in Northeast China. In view of the sensitivity of ethnic policy, some historical issues have not been disclosed. I hereby declare that I have no malice towards my Korean compatriots. As a result of these tens of millions of northeast immigrants, the so-called "Manchuria internationalization" between Japan and Russia has become a mirage. In the 1940s, Japan tried to use the Manchu complex to alienate the northeast people from the Japanese in Guanli. As for how Manchu people express their views, I'm not sure, but the Han people in the northeast don't buy it. 1945, the Soviet red army occupied the northeast, and gave up its ambition to annex Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces because these fellow villagers from Shandong and Hebei, waving hoes and hoes, have spread all over every province, city and village in the three northeastern provinces, and he has already neglected them. Ironically, in the history of China, there was hardly a time when it was successfully fought from Guanli to Guanwai by military means. This last time, it was the simple and honest farmers in China who completely conquered Baishan Blackwater and went straight to Huanglong. What was in China? No good guns, no good guns, no good government, no good army. The only resource is people.

Continue to deepen along the historical axis. 1929, the northeast changed its flag. Zhang Xueliang had long expected that there would be a war in Northeast China sooner or later. In less than half a year, he quickly moved the artillery factory and shipyard to the south of the Yangtze River, and gave all the students he trained to Chiang Kai-shek, becoming the backbone of the Kuomintang navy and air force in the future. It is no accident that the Northeast Army made the choice to change history, such as changing the flag in 29 years, supporting Chiang Kai-shek for the second time in the Central Plains War, and launching the Xi 'an incident. In fact, long before the flag was changed, Guo Songling, a general of Feng Family in 1926, tried to take the lead in defecting to Sun Yat-sen, and finally failed. All this is to avoid civil war. It's not that the Northeast Army can't fight. At that time, there were only 200 thousand troops, and the power has developed to Shanghai. Although the Japanese once gave help, Wu admired that Sun had no imperialist support, and even the Northern Expeditionary Army was fully supported by the Soviet Union. It is precisely because many young generals in Feng Department are mostly professional officers that they can better understand the sinister intentions of imperialism in the Northeast and have a deep aversion to civil war. Zhang 280,000 troops, Lin Biao 1 10,000. When didn't the Yangtze River sweep across China? The Xi 'an incident actually saved Chiang Kai-shek, otherwise the young soldiers of the Northeast Army would soon collectively defect to the Red Army, making the situation even more difficult to clean up. The assassination of Army Commander Wang Yizhe fully illustrates this point. Due to the Xi incident, the Northeast Army went south for training and consolidation, participated in the Battle of Songhu and went to Myanmar. Only Wan Yi and Lv Zhengcao led the whole division and regiment to the Eighth Route Army, which should be a reasonable ending and conducive to the overall situation of the Anti-Japanese War. Yu Xuezhong, the commander of the army, is in Gansu, and even the events in Northeast China know that Xinjiang firmly controls this land in the hands of China people. From the December 29th Movement to 1940, male and female students in exile in Chongqing in Northeastern University wrote bloody books and joined the army collectively, which set off an army of 100,000 students nationwide, all of which reflected the success of modern humanities education in Northeast China. There is a movie about a female student of Northeastern University who joined the army, participated in the training of national military agents, and then was sent to Nanjing to carry out an assassination mission. The main line of the whole film is "My home is on the Songhua River in Northeast China", which is quite touching.

In 1950s, the whole Northeast became the economic and military supply base of the Korean War. From 50 to 80 years, the three northeastern provinces have been the industrial arteries of China. In the past 30 years, thousands of large enterprises have moved from the Northeast to the central south, southwest and northwest regions of the motherland, and a large number of cadres, engineers and technicians and industrial workers have been imported from the Northeast, which has greatly promoted the local industrialization and improved the quality of the local population. The descendants of these Northeasters are all over Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong and other places. This is also the reason why many local children speak Mandarin with a northeast accent even if their parents are southerners. According to my conscience, China's industrial scale can have today's scale, and early immigrants from Northeast China contributed a lot. They treat New China well and send their blood to the motherland for free. The planned economy system makes the equipment of most state-owned enterprises obsolete and cannot be updated in time. Now the northeast old industrial zone is facing the same dilemma as Russia and Eastern Europe. This is a common problem in the system transition and has no direct connection with the people in Northeast China. Russia's population quality is not very high, and has not achieved remarkable results? Some problems need time to solve. Now the northeast is facing difficulties. Anyone with a conscience and a good education should respond with sympathy and help, because this is a debt owed by the country to the Northeast, and they should be compensated. Although the old industrial area in Northeast China seems to be heavy-footed, in the tide of market economy and peacocks flying southeast, the people in Northeast China are quite aggressive. Their performances in Shanghai, Guangdong and Hainan are quite good, and even savvy local southern businessmen have to give thumbs up. At least for now, it is mainly the northeast who can compete with southerners. Go to Shenzhen to see how many bosses can speak Northeast dialect. Locals say Wenzhou helps to do small business, while Northeast helps to do big business. Even in North America, there are the largest number of Northeasters engaged in international grain and oil, clothing factories and real estate. Among the top 10 richest people in Forbes in 2004, four were from the northeast. In 2005, it was on the list.

Next, let's talk about the character of the northeast people. On the whole, they still belong to a generous class. In college, at work, but everyone in the northeast, when they are weak, bad and damaged, can't find them. Of course, individual elements are not excluded. They are persistent in their work, help their friends without asking for anything in return, are warm-hearted and generous, have no bad intentions, and there are many student cadres. Even many southerners, including myself, like to make friends with Northeasters, because they are often sincere and human. There is an indisputable fact that among southerners, whether they marry the North or the North, the Northeasters are the most. Especially after liberation, the proportion of northeast people marrying between the north and the south is as high as 75%, and some provinces and regions are as high as 85%. In the early days of liberation, only the People's Liberation Army went south in the four fields, and northerners from the Middle East accounted for the vast majority of the millions of troops. In Guangdong and Fujian alone, there are millions of their descendants. Nowadays, influenced by the market economy, there are more and more swindlers in Northeast China. Southerners bear a grudge against Northeasters, but where are there no bad guys? Are there few liars in Guangdong? Southerners only have great views on the Northeasters, because they deal with the Northeasters the most and the Northerners from other places too little, and find that they are indeed our powerful opponents. Northeasters used to go to Kanto, but now the Raptors cross the river to fight Shanghai, dominate Guangdong, live in Hainan and travel to North America, which is worthy of their ancestors and elders. Didn't give China people a bad name. Overseas, compatriots in Northeast China dare to fight and are not afraid of violence, which is in sharp contrast with the negative image of cowardice and gentleness in the local hometown of overseas Chinese. Jong Zhang Xueliang can best reflect the quality of the northeast people. 1994, I watched an interview with NHK in Japan. Japanese reporter asked him if he hated Chiang Kai-shek. He said, "I don't hate him. My ending is so miserable. After all, it was caused by Japan's invasion of China. How can I hate Chiang Kai-shek? Yes, we have differences in methods, but we are highly consistent in resisting Japan and saving the country. " This makes me very moved. Zhang Xueliang lived up to Chiang Kai-shek and never complained to Chiang Kai-shek until his death. The friend of the generalissimo is right. The population of the three northeastern provinces is nearly 1 100 million, the industrial population accounts for 80%, and the proportion of college students is very high. The top three provinces are Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Northeast China is rich in resources, rich in talents and developed in heavy industry. There is still 1 100 million mu of wasteland in Heilongjiang, which is left to China to feed the last 60 million people. American agricultural experts recently said that if the three northeastern provinces are intensively cultivated, they can feed 654.38+0.5 billion people in China. In fact, the northeast is now. Hundreds of millions of acres of black land are extremely rich in minerals. No wonder southerners grew up in the northeast. Without the 100 million northeast people, Heilongjiang should be called South Siberia or Manchuria now, and Jilin should belong to North Korea. Our border is still in the traditional Liaoyang. You need a visa to travel to Songhua River, Sun Island and Changbai Mountain. I am proud that I am from the Northeast! What about you?

The real development history of Northeast China is less than 200 years. It is the credit of Northeast China and the pride of all China people that Northeast China has developed under the harsh international environment and has been permanently incorporated into Chinese territory. Among China people, the northeast people are very bloody. In the United States and France, Northeasters who dare to beat hooligans and robbers bear the brunt, and some even are women. In addition, compatriots in Sichuan and Hunan also performed well. In recent years, it is said that more and more southerners have gone to the Northeast to do business, especially the Wenzhou gang in Zhejiang, and even the local Northeasters say that these southerners are the fourth generation of eastward travel. It is said that the Harbin municipal government has specially solved the problems of food, clothing, housing, transportation and identity for their families and children. I am very touched. Being in a foreign land, what you need is this warmth. I remember the program "Love between the Two Rivers" jointly organized by Zhejiang Satellite TV and Heilongjiang Satellite TV during the Spring Festival. I like it very much. I hope it will continue. I am proud that Wenzhou people can play the role of the fourth generation. In the future, China government plans to immigrate 500 million to the northwest and 200 million to the northeast. I think southerners and northerners will make up the vast majority of these 200 million people.

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See /question/3398963.html for the Russo-Japanese War? si= 1

1931September 18, the Japanese kwantung army stationed in the northeast of China suddenly attacked Shenyang and occupied the northeast by force.

/kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the first half of the 20th century, Japan gradually decided to conquer China and Manchuria before conquering China. 1930, the world capitalist economic crisis spread to Japan. In order to transfer the increasingly fierce domestic class contradictions, the Japanese accelerated the pace of military aggression against China, and in July and August of 193 1, the Wanbaoshan Incident and the Nakamura Incident were created in the northeast of China. /kloc-In September of 0/8, the Japanese created the "Wicker Lake Incident" and launched a war of aggression against northeast China.

1932, Japan helped the deposed Qing emperor Puyi to establish the puppet Manchukuo regime in Changchun. /view/22 1 16.htm

1945-195510 In August, the Soviet Union officially declared war on Japan, and the Soviet Red Army attacked Manchukuo and occupied three northeastern provinces including Dalian. After World War II, according to the Yalta Agreement, the Allies continued to station troops in Dalian and established a naval base in Lushun.

195 1 year, Lushun and Dalian merged, which was called Lvda City.

1955 Soviet troops withdrew from Dalian, and the Soviet Union returned the sovereignty of Dalian and Lushun to People's Republic of China (PRC).

1948 September 12 to110 October, the Northeast Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army fought a strategic decisive battle with the Kuomintang troops in western Liaoning, Shenyang and Changchun, which was one of the three decisive battles in China's People's Liberation War. /view/3372.html？ wtp=tt