Who can introduce the Soviet Union?

The Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, referred to as the Soviet Union, is a country that no longer exists (December 30, 1922 - December 26, 1991 ).

According to the Constitution of the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union is a federal country, composed of 15 Soviet Socialist Commonwealth countries with equal rights (the Soviet Union's Soviet Union) in accordance with the principle of voluntary association. The capital is Moscow. The heads of state are the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the President of the USSR. The heads of government are the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister. The name of the armed force is the Red Army.

Союз Советских

Социалистических

Республик

(Flag)

Motto: Workers of the world unite!< /p>

Official language Russian

Capital Moscow

Last President Gorbachev

Area

-Total area

-Leading the first place in the disintegration of water area ratio

22 402 200 km 2

xx%

Population

-Total population

-The third highest population density ranking

293 047 571 (July 1991)

13 08/km 2 ( July 1991)

Independence Day

-Public

-October Revolution was recognized

1917

Formal disintegration December 26, 1991

Currency ruble

Time zone UTC +3 to +11

National anthem (1917-1944) The Internationale

(1944-1991) The Great Union

International domain name abbreviation .SU (still in use)

History

See: History of the Soviet Union

After the October Revolution on November 7, 1917, the Bolsheviks took power in Russia and immediately signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany and withdrew from the First World War. World War II. In the following years, the Red Army, commanded by Trotsky, defeated the White Army and Allied intervention in a brutal civil war. On December 30, 1922, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian Federation jointly formed the Soviet Union. Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union, died in 1924. Joseph Stalin gains power. He used cruel means to purge all political opponents, promoted the policy of agricultural collectivization, and at the same time launched a purge of party, state and military leaders by eliminating counterrevolutionaries.

Although Stalin was regarded by Western countries and some Soviet people as a tyrant who massacred people of all ethnic groups, he successfully transformed the Soviet Union into an industrial and military power. Under the leadership of Stalin, the Soviet Communist Party carried out a major transformation of the Soviet Union's economic production methods, and the Soviet military was several times stronger than before. In 1939, the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. The two sides formed an alliance that seemed to be in harmony but also secretly divided their spheres of influence in Poland, the Baltic States, Finland and Romania. The Soviet Union adopted a pro-German policy, hostile to Britain, France, and other allies, and worked to sabotage their war against Germany. On June 22, 1941, Adolf Hitler launched a surprise attack on the Soviet Union. With the strong assistance of the Allies, the Soviet Red Army and the Allied Forces captured the entire territory of Nazi Germany in 1945 and won the Second World War. After World War II, Stalin and other socialist allies established the Warsaw Pact to compete with the United States and NATO, and the Cold War began.

Stalin died in 1953. There had been several years of political struggle among the top leaders of the Soviet Communist Party. Then Khrushchev took power. His secret report to the 21st Congress of the Soviet Union in 1956 criticized Stalin and the serious consequences of his "personality cult". The political struggle in the Soviet Union has since shifted to a more humane approach. Due to ideological differences, starting in 1959, the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China engaged in a series of debates and quarrels. In 1964, Khrushchev stepped down and Brezhnev gained power. During the Cultural Revolution, Sino-Soviet relations were at a low point, with only nominal diplomatic relations existing, and border conflicts such as the Zhenbao Island incident and the Tielekti incident occurred. In 1968, the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Both actions were unanimously condemned by the international community.

During the Brezhnev era, the Soviet Union pursued an expansionary policy. In addition to the Eastern European Group and Mongolia, it also brought Vietnam, South Yemen, Cuba, Angola, Ethiopia and other countries into the Soviet camp, or in these countries The country establishes military bases.

Brezhnev proposed the "limited sovereignty theory", believing that the sovereignty of socialist countries was limited. He actually proposed this theory to deprive other socialist countries of their sovereignty and turn other countries into vassal states of the Soviet Union. The 1980 Moscow Olympics were regarded as the Soviet Union's showcase of socialism to the world, but due to the invasion of Afghanistan, it became the Olympic Games with the most boycotts in history.

In 1985, the communist reformist Gorbachev took over power. He changed many outdated ideas. Gorbachev tried to improve political and economic governance, implemented reforms and glasnost policies domestically, and liquidated historical mistakes. He tried to build "democratic, humane socialism" in the Soviet Union. But on the other hand, his reforms had unintended consequences. With the decentralization of central power, leaders of the participating countries began to seek greater independent power. With the deepening of "glasnost", the Soviet Union's historical problems and historical crimes were exposed, causing it to lose popular support. Especially in 1989, the errors accumulated by communism in politics and economics broke out. The Communist Party and its political goals became increasingly unpopular in Eastern European countries. downfall. The governments of the Soviet Union and other countries also followed the example of the Eastern European countries, intending to break away from the Soviet Union and become independent.

On August 19, 1991, conservatives in the Soviet Union launched an unsuccessful coup in an attempt to take back the powers delegated to the Soviet Union and to terminate the unsuccessful economic reform. However, due to the joint opposition of the people, the army and most Soviet Communist Party members, the coup failed after only three days. Russian President Yeltsin ordered the Soviet Union to be declared an illegal organization and restrict its activities within the Soviet Union. At the end of 1991, he signed a contract with the presidents of Belarus and Ukraine in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, to establish the Commonwealth of Independent States, establishing a Commonwealth-like structure to replace the Soviet Union. Other countries that joined the Soviet Union responded one after another and left the Soviet Union. At this time, the Soviet Union had ceased to exist in name only. On December 25, 1991, Soviet President Gorbachev announced his resignation and handed over state power to the Russian President. The Soviet Union officially ceased to exist as a sovereign state.

For the detailed history of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, please see: Entry on the Disintegration of the Soviet Union

In the former Soviet Union, there are now fifteen independent countries. These countries are: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus , Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and Moldova. Some of these countries form the Commonwealth of Independent States, or CIS.