The principles of ecological planning and design can be summarized as follows

1. Common sense of planning and design principles

Common sense of planning and design principles 1. What are the knowledge points of planning principles for the urban planner exam

Good location conditions for high-tech development The healthy and complete development of the district is inseparable from the location conditions and economic status of the city in different levels of the region.

For example: Yantai is located in the open coastal zone of the Shandong Peninsula. It is not only the most economically developed area, but also has the most abundant resources along the coastal land development axis. It enjoys two major characteristics: region and resources. The urban structure similar to ethnic groups is conducive to the integrated development of urban and rural areas. The conditions in rural areas are relatively superior, the level of urbanization is relatively high, the comprehensive urban functions are relatively complete, and a pattern of all-round opening to the outside world has basically been formed. These have become the driving force for the accelerated development of Yantai Development Zone.

Yantai City will join forces with surrounding cities (Weihai, Qingdao, etc.) to establish a center and rely on economic power to radiate out and serve as the growth point of the Jiaodong Peninsula, thereby occupying a place in the Northeast Asian economic circle. Have a good investment environment A good investment environment is crucial for the location selection of economic activities, and it is even more important for the investment promotion of development zones.

The investment environment includes industrial environment, environmental factors, convenient connections with the outside world, etc. The industrial environment includes many elements, such as industrial agglomeration, infrastructure, production services, and other natural and human environments. The main one is industrial agglomeration.

Industrial agglomeration includes the development level of supply and related industries, which affects the location selection of investment activities. The first is the possibility of close cooperation between industries; the second is the "demand-pull" effect of "mutual products"; the third is conducive to the development of specialized service facilities and institutions; the fourth is that enterprises in related industries can improve the information environment.

Environmental factors are one of the most important factors affecting investment activities, especially the location selection of high-tech industries. Both production and service activities increasingly rely on and require good environmental quality.

Places that can provide convenient connections with the outside world are increasingly becoming the focus of location selection for investment activities. Whether it can have convenient connections with the outside world depends on the accessibility of the site, including geographical accessibility, economic accessibility, institutional accessibility, social accessibility, etc.

Geographical accessibility depends on location and distance, economic accessibility is determined by freight and communication fees; institutional accessibility is the convenience of a place for external production factors and commodity exchanges determined by institutional factors; social Accessibility refers to the convenience of a place for external communication determined by social factors (language, culture, etc.). For example: Zibo High-tech Development Zone relies on the old city, which makes it easier to obtain support from the city in terms of infrastructure, production and living services, technical exchanges, and training of scientific and technological personnel, thereby accelerating the pace of development.

In addition, "transportation" is the "lifeline" of the economic development of high-tech zones. Silicon Valley in the United States developed along highways. We can also see that the completion of the developed high-speed network in Shandong Province has made great contributions to the development of Shandong.

Highways, aviation, seaports and other transportation are at the forefront of the country. It is precisely because of the convenience of transportation that Qilu has experienced rapid economic development in the large region.

2. What aspects of knowledge are needed for architectural planning and design?

Architecture mainly requires architectural structure, architectural physics (mechanics, optics, etc.), and architectural history (both ancient and foreign) Needless to say, there is also architectural design, the most professional professional courses, drawing and design, and simpler engineering surveying. By the way, there are also basic engineering drawings, which can also be called drawing geometry, as well as sketching, coloring, etc. Wait, cultivate your sense

There are fewer planning courses, but you need to learn the history of urban development

The software mainly includes cad, sketch up, you can also learn 3d max to draw renderings, but as Architectural planning directions are not very commonly used, and generally they do not require such high standards.

Because I am studying architecture, it mainly focuses on the specifications of various buildings, such as dormitories and kindergartens. Each building has its own Of course, there are also the general specifications for civil buildings, fire prevention regulations, urban road regulations... I'm not sure about the planning direction... because I'm studying architecture hahaha~~~

All in all , Architecture and planning are two relatively similar courses, but planning is a little easier. Architects can learn less or even nothing about structures and physical resources. Both of these courses have very high requirements for your own learning, such as pen drawing, pen sketching, reading more works of masters, and high-level architectural photography~~~

3. Modern design Principles, methods and procedures

Modernist design developed from architectural design. Around the 1920s, a group of advanced designers and architects in Europe formed a powerful group to promote the so-called new The content of this movement is very complex, including spiritual and ideological reforms, as well as technological progress, especially the use of new materials, thus breaking the millennium-old position and principle of design serving the powerful. It also broke the thousands of years of tradition that construction relied entirely on wood, stone, and bricks.

Then, starting from the architectural revolution, it also affected urban planning and design, environmental design, furniture design, industrial product design, graphic design and communication design, etc., forming a truly complete modernist design movement. Essentially, the basis of modernist design is functionalism, which advocates form follows function (Forms Follow Function).

German modernist design master D. Rams explained that the basic principles of modernist design are "simple is better than complex, plain is better than bright and eye-catching; a single tone is better than colorful; durability is better than fashionable" , rational structure is better than blindly following fashion.” This style has led the main trend of design around the world.

So much so that it became known as the internationalist style after the war. The establishment of the Bauhaus in 1919 laid the foundation for modernist design.

It advocates taking rationalism as the starting point, taking human beings' understanding of nature and transforming nature as the premise, and emphasizing a law that uses objective physical laws to determine and control people's subjective human nature. Many modernists, from Behrens and Gropius in Germany to Mies and Wright in the United States, and Le Corbusier in France, emphasize functionality, simple shapes, oppose redundant decoration, and pursue the principle of "less is more" As a basis for your own design and creation.

The spirit of contemporary modernism is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, focusing on form and style. Second, concreteness turns to abstraction.

Third, performance is more important than reproduction. Fourth, creation is higher than aesthetics.

The tradition of artistic creation in the West since ancient times has been to seek truth, focusing on the true depiction and recording of objective external objects. However, the beginning of the capitalist industrial era has made people discover that material things are not so important. Because of economic development, people have become alienated, psychologically abnormal, and mentally twisted. God is dead, and people have no spiritual support. They are lonely and helpless, lack faith, and are only interested in profit. So writers began to express themselves in their works. Find the meaning of life, talk about your inner anguish, and tap into the flow of consciousness deep in the subject's spiritual world. This turn in modernist literature is also related to the focus of Freudian psychoanalysis on human consciousness.

In terms of form, modernism adopted a series of innovative writing methods that had never been used in Western classical literature. For example, "Ulysses" is structured according to the ancient Greek god system. In terms of language, "The Sound and the Fury", which adopts a non-stop writing technique of stream of consciousness without punctuation, and "Orlando", which boldly changes the gender of the protagonist in the plot, etc. These works have injected fresh vitality into Western literature. The Arts and Crafts Movement period and the Art Nouveau period were both transitional periods from classicism (old and new) to modernism.

4. Please ask for some basic content of planning and design

If you are the planning and design department of your unit, you should have this set of work processes yourself!

For reference only

Basic content of planning and design

Section 1__________ Application for "One Book, Two Certificates"

Chapter Section 2__________ Principles that must be followed in planning and design

First, obey the urban overall plan and regional planning, and do a good job in the dialectical unification of the three benefits

Second, according to national and local* ** Relevant laws, norms, regulations, and ordinances formulated

3. Implement unified planning, rational layout, local conditions, comprehensive development, and supporting construction

Section 1 _____ Planning and Design Principles that must be followed

Fourth, follow the law of value and the law of supply and demand, understand and grasp market dynamics, and make correct positioning for development projects

Fifth, proceed from reality and act within your capabilities. And forward-thinking

6. Use land sparingly and rationally

7. Put people first in everything

Principles that must be followed in planning and design

1. , you must apply for "one document and two certificates" in accordance with the law

2. Apply for a site selection opinion letter

3. Apply for a construction land planning permit

4. , apply for a construction project planning license

5. Basic operating procedures for applying for "one book, two certificates"

Section 2 _____ Apply for "one book, two certificates"< /p>

1. Land use, land boundary and area

Section 3 _____ Basic content of planning and design

2. Environmental capacity

3. Building control

4. Urban design

5. Building space, functions and economy

6. Base parking spaces, overall layout, entrances and exits< /p>

Environmental capacity

(1) Building floor area ratio, building density

(2) Population density

(3) Green space rate

Building control

(1) Building height

(2) Building setback

(3) Building spacing

5. What aspects of knowledge are needed for architectural design?

Architectural design is a discipline between technology and art, liberal arts and science. It is both technology and art.

It can include both arts and sciences.

The skills required to engage in architectural design work in an architectural design institute include:

1. Proficient in design software, including: CAD, Tianzheng, PKPM Energy Saving, Tsinghua Rizhao, Sketch Master, Currently popular revit software.

2. Common design codes that need to be mastered: residential area planning and design codes, planning management technical regulations issued by the local government, building design fire protection codes (2014 new edition), residential building codes, residential design codes ( 2011 New Edition), General Principles of Civil Building Design, Office Design Code, Garage Design Code (2014 Edition), Garage Fire Protection Code (2014 Edition), Industrial Design Code, etc.

3. Ability to create architectural planning plans and individual building plans. These include residential, public buildings, commercial complexes, and industrial park projects.

4. Design ability of general plan construction drawings and construction drawings of individual buildings, including the design of general plans and construction drawings of individual buildings for residential buildings, public buildings, commercial complexes, and industrial buildings.

5. Awareness and ability to work collaboratively with structural majors, water supply and drainage majors, electrical majors, HVAC majors, and power majors.

6. What professional knowledge is needed for urban planning?

Professional introduction Business training objectives: This major cultivates knowledge in urban planning, urban design, etc., and can be used in urban planning and design, urban planning Management, decision-making consultation, real estate development and other departments are engaged in planning, design and management, carry out urban road traffic planning, urban municipal engineering planning, garden recreation system planning, and can participate in urban social and economic development planning, regional planning, urban development, real estate planning and Senior engineering and technical talents in the planning discipline who work on relevant policies and regulations.

Business training requirements: Students in this major mainly study basic theories and knowledge of urban planning, urban ecology and environmental protection, urban transportation, urban municipal engineering planning, regional planning, etc., and receive basic training in urban planning and design. , master the basic abilities of urban planning, urban design and urban planning management.

Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities: 1. Master the basic theories and basic knowledge of the urban planning discipline; 2. Master the knowledge related to the urban planning discipline, and have the ability to comprehensively analyze urban problems and coordinate to solve problems; 3. Have the basic ability of urban planning management; 4. Be familiar with national guidelines, policies and regulations on urban development and urban planning; 5. Understand the theoretical frontiers and development trends of the development of urban planning disciplines; 6. Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query , have certain scientific research and practical work capabilities; 7. Have the ability to use computers.

Main subjects: Architecture Main courses: Urban planning principles, urban planning and design, urban design, urban planning theory and urban development history, urban roads and transportation, urban ecology and environmental protection, urban geography, city The main practical teaching links of economics, regional planning, urban planning administrative regulations and urban planning management: comprehensive social practice, urban understanding practice, urban master planning practice, computer application practice, graduation project, etc. The time arrangement of the practical teaching links is different. Less than 40 weeks. Years of study: four or five years Degree awarded: Bachelor of Engineering.

7. Principles, methods and procedures of modern design

Modernist design developed from architectural design. Around the 1920s, a group of advanced designers and architects in Europe Architects formed a powerful group to promote the so-called New Architecture Movement. The content of this movement is very complex, including spiritual and ideological reforms, as well as technological progress, especially the use of new materials, thereby It breaks the millennium-old stand and principle that design serves the powerful, and also breaks the millennia-old tradition of architecture being completely dependent on wood, stone, and bricks. Then, starting from the architectural revolution, it affected urban planning and design, environmental design, furniture design, industrial product design, graphic design and communication design, etc., forming a truly complete modernist design movement. Essentially, the basis of modernist design is functionalism, which advocates form follows function (Forms Follow Function). German modernist design master D. Rams elaborated on the basic principles of modernist design: "Simple is better than complex, plain is better than bright and dazzling; a single tone is better than colorful; durability is better than chasing fashion; rational structure is better than blindly following fashion. . ” This style has led to a major design trend around the world. So much so that it became known as the internationalist style after the war. The establishment of the Bauhaus in 1919 laid the foundation for modernist design. It advocates taking rationalism as the starting point, taking human beings' understanding of nature and transforming nature as the premise, and emphasizing a law that uses objective physical laws to determine and control people's subjective human nature. Many modernists, from Behrens and Gropius in Germany to Mies and Wright in the United States, and Le Corbusier in France, emphasize functionality, simple shapes, oppose redundant decoration, and pursue the principle of "less is more" As a basis for your own design and creation.

The spirit of contemporary modernism is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, focusing on form and style. Second, concreteness turns to abstraction. Third, performance is more important than reproduction. Fourth, creation is higher than aesthetics. The tradition of artistic creation in the West since ancient times has been to seek truth, focusing on the true depiction and recording of objective external objects. However, the beginning of the capitalist industrial era has made people find that material things are not so important. People have changed due to economic development. They became alienated, became psychopathic, and became mentally twisted. God died, and people had no spiritual support. They were lonely and helpless, lacked faith, and were only interested in profit. So the writer began to look for the meaning of life in his works and talk about himself. The inner depression explores the flow of consciousness deep in the subject's spiritual world. This turn in modernist literature is also related to the focus of Freudian psychoanalysis on human consciousness.

In terms of form, modernism adopted a series of innovative writing methods that had never been used in Western classical literature. For example, "Ulysses" is structured according to the ancient Greek god system. In terms of language, "The Sound and the Fury", which adopts a non-stop writing technique of stream of consciousness without punctuation, and "Orlando", which boldly changes the gender of the protagonist in the plot, etc. These works have injected fresh vitality into Western literature.

The Arts and Crafts Movement period and the Art Nouveau Movement period are both transitional periods from classicism (old and new) to modernism.